Horizontal Differentiation and Determinants of Wine Exports: Evidence from Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Macedo ◽  
Sofia Gouveia ◽  
João Rebelo
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Horizontal Differentiation ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Internationalization Strategies ◽  
Fortified Wines ◽  
Port Wines ◽  
Jel Classifications

AbstractAssuming horizontal differentiation and using an expanded gravity model, the main objective of this article is to assess the determinants of Portuguese wine exports. Horizontal differentiation is considered, with still and fortified wines being distinguished, as well as three distinct designations of origin: Vinho Verde, Douro, and Port wines. The results from the period between 2006 and 2016 suggest that wineries and private and public agencies should focus their commercial and policy efforts on countries with high purchasing power and/or with great potential for growth, regardless of whether the customs costs are higher. Moreover, it is concluded that horizontal differentiation influences the export determinants, suggesting there should exist different internationalization strategies for distinct types of wine. (JEL Classifications: F10, F14, L66)

Organizational Supports to Sustain Intensive Family Preservation Programs

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty J. Blythe ◽  
Elizabeth M. Tracy ◽  
Avis Kotovsky ◽  
Selma Gwatkin
Keyword(s):  
Family Preservation ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Broad View ◽  
Organizational Supports ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Over Time

In response to increased funding for programs to avoid unnecessary out-of-home placements, family preservation programs are being implemented by private and public agencies. The authors identify the organizational supports that are required to sustain family preservation programs over time. These supports include ongoing training, a broad view of supervisory responsibilities, and careful attention to maintaining relationships with referring and other agencies. Future issues facing family preservation programs also are discussed.

Privacy and the Workplace: Technology and Public Employment

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don A. Cozzetto ◽  
Theodore B. Pedeliski
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Employee Privacy ◽  
Background Checks ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
And Control

One of the most interesting, yet controversial, areas concerning public personnel is employee privacy. What limits are there to employers' intrusions into, and control over, employees' behaviors and personal properties. Claims of privacy abuse come against an employer's prerogatives in establishing workplace standards, and ensuring the efficiency of administration. There are five major areas which trigger privacy matters in the area of public sector employment: background checks, cognizance of off duty conduct and life styles, drug testing, workplace searches, and monitoring of workplace activity. Of these, the fifth, monitoring of employees in the workplace, has raised a range of new conflicts between employer and employee. The problems are particularly acute as technological advances change the nature of work, communication, and supervisory functions in private and public agencies. These conflicts open anew the basic questions as to what is private, what is proprietary, what legal rights an employee possesses, and what an employee's obligations and responsibilities are within the sphere of public employment.

Explaining World Wine Exports in the First Wave of Globalization, 1848–1938

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Isabel Ayuda ◽  
Hugo Ferrer-Pérez ◽  
Vicente Pinilla
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Home Bias ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Tariff Protection ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Jel Classifications

AbstractThe objective of this article is to analyze the determinants of world wine exports in the first globalization, taking into account the principal exporting countries and using an extended version of the gravity model. The article distinguishes between ordinary- and high-quality wines. Our econometric results show that wine exports were not affected by the increase in the size of the markets of consuming countries, since in most of them wine was an alcoholic beverage consumed by a very small minority of the population. The harvests of the producing countries, particularly in preceding years, significantly and positively affected their exports. Conversely, the harvests of importers hurt exports as there was a home bias in consumption due to cultural, price, or tariff protection reasons. In the interwar period, the wine trade was severely affected by a series of shocks such as WWI, the Soviet revolution, the Prohibition, and the 1930s depression. As was the case with trade as a whole, the fall in transaction costs, favored exports, at least those of lower-priced and lower-quality wine. However, the liberalization of trade had a lesser impact on wine than on other products. (JEL Classifications: F14, N50, Q13, Q17)

scholarly journals Preference of farmers towards private and public extension services

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-663
Author(s):  
Jasvinder Kaur ◽  
Joginder S. Malik ◽  
P. S. Shehrawat ◽  
Sushila Dahiya ◽  
Quadri Javeed Ahmed Peer
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Extension Agencies ◽  
Tick Mark

The main purpose of this study was to know the preference of farmers for different services provided by private and public extension agencies. In recent times involvement of private extension agencies has been increased in agricultural sector and up to some extent it has sidelined the public extension agencies, but public extension agencies have potential to do better and to reach farmers at their best. In view of this, present study was undertaken to find out the farmers’ preference towards public and private extension services in Ambala, Kurukshetra, Karnal, Hisar and Fatehabad districts of Haryana state. From each district two blocks were selected randomly and from each block two villages were selected. A manageable size of 10 farmers was selected from each village thus making total sample size of 200 farmers. Various aspects related to agricultural services provided by both public and private agencies were identified and response were obtained by putting a tick mark as per farmers’ preference for private and public agencies. On the basis of statistical tools like rank and mean score, results showed that farmers had great preference for ‘Input supply’ in private extension as compared to public extension followed by ‘Infrastructure facilities’. While for ‘Consultancy and diagnosis services’, ‘Information’ and ‘Technical services’, public extension was preferred as over the private extension.

Milestones of Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-252
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashim Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Training

This chapter addresses halal-related developments in Malaysia, and in particular highlights the following: halal standards, halal certificates, halal parks, and disparity issues in the management of halal industry. According to an industry specialist, Malaysia is the only country in the Muslim world where the halal industry development agenda is also backed by the government, which translates into the existence of a unique ecosystem that allows a synergy between the private and public sectors. In this ecosystem, the private-sector players focus on production, manufacturing, and services, while the public agencies facilitate and coordinate the industry’s progress by providing certification and training.

scholarly journals Activating Citizens to Participate in Collective Co-Production of Public Services

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. BOVAIRD ◽  
G.G. VAN RYZIN ◽  
E. LOEFFLER ◽  
S. PARRADO
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Government

AbstractUser and community co-production of public services first became topical in the late 1970s, both in private and public sectors. Recent interest has been triggered by recognition that the outcomes for which public agencies strive rely on multiple stakeholders, particularly service users and the communities in which they live. Extra salience has been given to the potential of co-production due to fiscal pressures facing governments since 2008. However, there has been little quantitative empirical research on citizen co-production behaviours. The authors therefore undertook a large-sample survey in five European countries to fill this gap. This article examines an especially significant finding from this research – the major gulf between current levels of collective co-production and individual co-production. It explores the drivers of these large differences and examines what the social policy implications would be if, given the potential benefits, the government wishes to encourage greater collective co-production.

Computerized Equipment Replacement Methodology

2003 ◽  
Vol 1824 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Weissmann ◽  
Angela Jannini Weissmann ◽  
Srinivas Gona
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Equipment Replacement ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
Replacement Model ◽  
Replacement Decisions ◽  
Private And Public

The Texas Department of Transportation (DOT) owns and maintains an active fleet inventory of approximately 17,000 units and replaces about 10% of them annually. Any methodology that can improve Texas DOT’s replacement procedures could potentially save millions of dollars. Private and public agencies do not routinely use life-cycle cost as a replacement criterion because the only way to automate inspection of thousands of life-cycle cost histories has been to define an acceptability threshold for annualized costs. Most fleet managers consider this practice too inaccurate. The most relevant information provided by a lifecycle cost graph is its trend. Units whose life-cycle costs have been increasing longer or at a faster rate should have higher replacement priority. The trend score concept allows a computer to mimic replacement decisions made by a person visually inspecting a series of life-cycle cost histories. A new economically sound methodology for assisting with equipment replacement at Texas DOT is presented. This new method takes full advantage of Texas DOT’s comprehensive equipment operating system database, can prioritize the units on the basis of comparisons among all units within any desired class of equipment, and uses life-cycle cost trends as a replacement criterion. This methodology was implemented through the Texas Equipment Replacement Model, a menudriven software that allows the fleet manager to efficiently apply the methodology.

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review on Mergers and Acquisitions: A Bibliometric Analysis Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Godswill Osagie Osuma ◽  
Ochei Ailemen Ikpefan ◽  
Olawale Yinusa Olonade ◽  
Abimbola Abosede Joshua
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Horizontal Mergers ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Pertinent Question ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Many studies have examined the effects of mergers and acquisitions, but their results vary significantly. Thus, mergers and acquisitions are one of the most popular corporate restructuring activities undertaken by various organizations, institutes, companies (both private and public), agencies, and establishments, all in a quest to achieve the desired aim of the companies. But a pertinent question exists as to if mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have produced the desired goals and objectives of the companies. Therefore this study aims to examine the results, empirical preference, and author's opinions of existing literature as to if M&A had produced synergy gains or not. Bibliometric analysis is the methodological procedure used in this study. A total number of fifty (50) high-profile literatures were qualitatively examined, and it shows that M&A produced synergy gains to the level of 48%. From the analysis, M&A was also found not to produce synergy gain to the level of 28%, thus making the remaining 24% to be associated with authors whose views weren't explicit and those that are undecided to M&A producing synergy gains. This review study recommends that horizontal mergers and acquisitions be encouraged to increase the companies' market share, leading to their desired goals and objectives.

scholarly journals The Main Aspects of the Activities of Charitable Organizations in the Legacy of Mary Ellen Richmond

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Petrukhan-Scherbakova ◽  
◽  
Nadiia Chernukha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Charitable Organizations ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Circle Diagram

The article is devoted to the analysis of the scientific heritage of Mery Elen Richmond. A cornerstone of building the social work profession, Mary Richmond was known for her ability to organize communities, her development of casework practice, as well as her ability to teach and speak intelligently on a wide array of subjects. The subject of the article is the provisions on the activities of charitable organizations in the United States during the life and work of the researcher. The article describes the main problems in the activities of charitable organizations of the late 19th - early 20th centuries During this time Richmond was connected to the COS, she demonstrated her qualities as a leader, teacher, and practical theorist; ; revealed the functions of charitable organizations in the theory and practice of M. E. Richmond; described possible provisions for improving the activities of charitable organizations in accordance with the legacy of Mary Ellen Richmond, who is considered a principle founder of the profession of social work and the importance of professional education. Her first principle was that care had to focus on the person within their situation. Building on extensive research, she developed what she labelled ‘social diagnosis’. Her famous circle diagram visualized the correspondence of client and environment. Richmond identified six sources of power that are available to clients and their social workers: sources within the household, in the person of the client, in the neighborhood and wider social network, in civil agencies, in private and public agencies. This is a precursor of the system theory that was so popular in 1970’s social work.

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