scholarly journals Protection against canine parvovirus type 2 infection in puppies by colostrum-derived antibodies

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Mila ◽  
Aurélien Grellet ◽  
Costantina Desario ◽  
Alexandre Feugier ◽  
Nicola Decaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Viral Excretion ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Passive Immune Transfer ◽  
Immune Transfer ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽  
Protection Period

AbstractDuring the first weeks of life puppies remain protected against canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV2) infection thanks to maternally derived antibodies (MDA) absorbed with colostrum after birth. The objective of the present study was to present the variability in CPV2-specific passive immune transfer and its consequences in puppies naturally exposed to the parvovirus. Seventy-nine puppies from one breeding kennel were included in the study at birth and followed until 56 d of age. Once per week the MDA titre for CPV2 specific antibodies was determined in blood. Viral excretion was also evaluated on a rectal swab by CPV2 PCR assay and puppies were weighed to determine growth rate. At 2 d of age, thirty-four out of seventy-nine puppies (43 %) had MDA ≤1:160 (designed group A) and forty-five puppies (57 %) had greater MDA titres (designed group B). The level of absorbed maternal antibodies was shown to be associated with breed size and growth rate during the first 48 h of life. The MDA level declined with age in all cases; however, the proportion of puppies with the antibody level considered as protective against CPV2 infection was significantly higher in group B compared with A from day 2 until 42. Among all puppies surviving until 56 d of age, sixty-seven out of seventy (95·7 %) underwent CPV2 infection. However, puppies from group A excreted CPV2 significantly earlier than puppies from group B. The present study demonstrates the link between passive immune transfer, in terms of level of specific MDA absorbed, and length of the protection period against parvovirus infection in weaning puppies.

An Efficacy and Safety Study of Remogliflozin in Obese Indian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Who Were Inadequately Controlled on Insulin glargine plus other oral hypoglycemic agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Glargine ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim & Objective: The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the efficacy of adding remogliflozin to current insulin glargine plus two oral drug i.e. metformin and teneligliptin therapy in poorly controlled Indian type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: 173 study participants were initially selected from patient database who continued on their insulin glargine or received an increased dose of insulin glargine along with other OHA based therapy (Group A) and 187 were selected who had received remogliflozin (100 mg BD) (Group B) in addition to insulin glargine along with other OHA based therapy. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total daily insulin dose, body weight, and the number of hypoglycemic events were recorded at weeks 0, 12 and 24. Result: During the study, mean values of HbA1c, FBG and P2BG were significantly reduced in both groups. Insulin requirements decreased from 45.8 ± 16.7 IU/day to 38.5 ± 13.5 IU/day (P < 0.001) and at week 24 even further decreased to 29.5 ± 14.5 IU/Day . Twenty three patients in group B were able to cease insulin treatment altogether after 24 week treatment. It has been observed to attain tight blood glucose control we need to increase insulin dose in group A from 45.5 ± 16.5 IU/Day to 51.5 ± 14.5 at week 12 (P<0.01) and which further increased to 53.8 ± 12.8 IU/Day at week 24 (P<0.01). Adding remogliflozin showed significant effect on blood pressure (P < 0.001) and weight reduction (P < 0.001). It has been observed that 38% patients has achieves targeted HbA1c (≤7%) in group B where it was 22% in group A. Conclusion: Results demonstrate that in uncontrolled T2DM patients remogliflozin 100 mg BD can successfully lay a foundation for prolonged good glycemic control. Early addition of remogliflozin with insulin glargine plus OHAs may be an alternative compare to intensive up titration of insulin daily dose in people with uncontrolled T2DM. Clinical Trial Registration Number: A 2358

scholarly journals Risk and Environmental Factors Associated with the Presence of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 in Diarrheic Dogs from Thessaly, Central Greece

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Maria Kantere ◽  
Labrini V. Athanasiou ◽  
Alexios Giannakopoulos ◽  
Vassilis Skampardonis ◽  
Marina Sofia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Working Dogs ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) primarily infects dogs, which are the main host reservoir, causing severe gastrointestinal disease associated with immunosuppression. The present study was conducted in Thessaly, Greece and aimed to identify risk and environmental factors associated with CPV-2 infection in diarrheic dogs. Fecal samples were collected from 116 dogs presenting diarrhea and were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of CPV-2 DNA. Supplementary data regarding clinical symptoms, individual features, management factors and medical history were also gathered for each animal during clinical evaluation. Sixty-eight diarrheic dogs were found to be positive for the virus DNA in their feces. Statistical analysis revealed that CPV-2 DNA was less likely to be detected in senior dogs, while working dogs, namely hounds and shepherds, had higher odds to be positive for the virus. Livestock density and land uses, specifically the categories of discontinuous urban fabric and of human population density, were identified as significant environmental parameters associated with CPV-2 infection by using Geographical Information System (GIS) together with the Ecological Niche Model (ENM). This is the first description of the environmental variables associated with the presence of CPV-2 DNA in dogs’ feces in Greece.

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Rapid Commercial Canine Parvovirus Antigen Detection Tests with Electron Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Schmitz ◽  
Christina Coenen ◽  
König Matthias ◽  
Thiel Heinz-Jürgen ◽  
Reto Neiger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Group A ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Group B

Different antibody-based tests for rapid detection of Canine parvovirus antigens in feces are commercially available, allowing quick diagnosis in a clinical setting. However, the diagnostic accuracy of these tests compared with standard methods has not been evaluated so far. In the current study, 3 commercial tests were compared with immune-electron microscopy (IEM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dogs were divided into 3 groups: group A, samples from dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea ( n = 50); group B, dogs with chronic diarrhea ( n = 10); and group C, dogs with no evidence of gastrointestinal disease ( n = 40). Specificity of all 3 commercial tests versus PCR and IEM was good to excellent (92.2–100%). Sensitivity, in contrast, was poor: 15.8–26.3% versus PCR and 50–60% versus IEM. In group A, 10 dogs were positive by IEM and 24 dogs were positive by PCR. Positive PCR results were also obtained from animals in control groups (group B, 1 dog; group C, 5 dogs). No dog in group B or C was positive by IEM. In conclusion, the rapid tests are useful to diagnose canine parvoviral enteritis, but they do not rule out parvovirus infection in an animal with typical clinical signs. In addition, a small percentage of healthy dogs and dogs with chronic diarrhea showed positive PCR results; this may be due to asymptomatic/persistent infection or intestinal passage of virus. The significance of this finding remains unclear.

Isolation of a virus related to canine parvovirus type 2 from a raccoon (Procyon lotor)

2010 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kapil ◽  
G. Rezabek ◽  
B. Germany ◽  
L. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing and Systematic Relaxation on Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Yadav ◽  
Rajeev Mohan Kaushik ◽  
Reshma Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Diaphragmatic Breathing ◽  
Group A ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Group B ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract This prospective study assessed the effects of diaphragmatic breathing and systematic relaxation on depression, anxiety, and stress levels, as well as glycemic control, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One hundred patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to two equal groups: Group A patients received conventional treatment for T2DM, and Group B patients received conventional treatment for T2DM plus training in diaphragmatic breathing and systematic relaxation and home practice of these stress-management techniques for 6 months. Stress, depression, and anxiety levels, blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were recorded at baseline and after 6 months of treatment in all patients. Baseline characteristics were compared using the chi-square test and student’s t test. Changes in mental well-being and glycemic status were assessed for their significance in each group using student’s t test and compared between two groups using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Baseline levels of the respective change outcome and duration of diabetes were used as covariates in the ANCOVA. A significant decrease was seen in depression, anxiety, and stress scores in Group B, but in Group A only the stress score decreased after 6 months. A significant decline occurred in blood sugar (fasting, 2-hour postprandial, and random) and HbA1c in both groups after 6 months. There was a larger decrease in depression and anxiety scores and HbA1c in Group B than in Group A. The decrease in HbA1c was significantly correlated with the decrease in anxiety and stress scores in both groups and with the depression score in Group A. Thus, the addition of diaphragmatic breathing and systematic relaxation to conventional T2DM treatment appears to have led to improvement in mental well-being and glycemic control in patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals Localization of the VP2 Protein of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 on the Baculovirus Envelop and Its Immunogenicity in a Mouse Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih H. Tsai ◽  
Jing Y. Wang ◽  
Xin G. Xu ◽  
De W. Tong ◽  
Hsin Y. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Vp2 Protein ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2

scholarly journals Genetic characterisation and local genotypes of canine parvovirus strains collected from pet dogs in central and eastern China during 2018–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
Wen Hu ◽  
Liangyan Zheng ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Jun Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Central China ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽  
Major Amino Acid

AbstractIntroductionCanine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2) causes acute infectious diseases in puppies, which show high morbidity and mortality. Better effect of vaccination against these diseases could be achieved with deeper knowledge of CPV-2 genotype dissemination and mutation history. This study investigated CPV-2–positive samples collected recently over a wide region of China.Material and MethodsA total of 118 faecal samples from dogs identified as CPV-positive were collected from veterinary clinics in central and eastern China. Overall, 16 strains collected from Anhui, 29 from Henan, and 16 from Zhejiang Province were sequenced to determine the genotypic composition of CPV-2 and mutational complexity of CPV-VP2.ResultsThe CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c genotypes were detected in Anhui and Henan Provinces, while CPV-2c alone was detected in Zhejiang Province. Sequence analysis of all strains showed 98.5%–99.8%, 98.3%–99.9%, and 98.7%–99.8% identity among the 16 Anhui, 29 Henan, and 16 Zhejiang strains, respectively. Strains collected from Anhui and Henan Provinces showed lower identity (97.0%), suggesting greater genetic divergence in central China. The mutation rates of Henan and Anhui strains were lower than that of Zhejiang strains. Major amino acid mutations occurred at sites 5, 370, 426, and 440. Epitope and entropy analyses implied these sites’ likely conformance to the principles of mutation tendency, complexity, and diversity.ConclusionThe findings for the evolutionary structure of CPV-2 strains collected from three provinces in central and eastern China advance trend monitoring of the genetic variation in canine parvovirus and point to its implications in the development of novel vaccines.

scholarly journals Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (teneligliptin) significantly reduces liver fat content and delays progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1817
Author(s):  
Vishal Kumar Gupta ◽  
Richa Giri ◽  
Saurabh Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors, anti-diabetic agents, are expected to be effective for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several studies have shown that some DPP-4 inhibitors alleviate hepatic steatosis or steatohepatitis in type 2 diabetic mice or rats. Teneligliptin is DPP4 inhibitor whose efficacy to control blood sugar is well established but its effect on liver is not studied well. In present study we investigated effect of teneligliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor on patients of type 2 diabetes with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind study in which 64 patients between ages of 18 to 80 years were selected for study. Participants were identified as type 2 diabetes with biopsy confirmed NASH. We excluded the patients with glucocorticoid use, hepatitis B or C, and other diseases that might affect liver function. Results: The mean HbA1c change after 48 weeks of therapy in group A was-1.06 % and in group B was-0.77% and this was statistically insignificant (p>0.06). The mean AST change after 48 weeks of therapy in group A was-45.4% and in group B was-33.3% and this was statistically significant (p<0.001). The mean ALT change after 48 weeks of therapy in group A was-41.6% and in group B was-22.7% and this was statistically significant (p<0.001). The change in liver fat content (LFC) after 48 weeks of therapy in group A was-15.4% and group B was-7.14% and this was also statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: Result of our study revealed that teneligliptin significantly reduce serum transaminases in patients of NASH with type 2 DM. Teneligliptin significantly reduce LFC and delay progression of NASH independent of diabetes control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. These data show significant antisteatotic and anti-inflammatory effect of teneligliptin in type 2 diabetes patients.

scholarly journals A phylogenetic study of canine parvovirus type 2c in midwestern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danúbia S. Fontana ◽  
Paulo Ricardo D. Rocha ◽  
Raquel A.S. Cruz ◽  
Letícya L. Lopes ◽  
Andréia L.T. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Hemorrhagic Enteritis ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2 ◽  
Representative Samples

Since the late 1970s, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) has emerged as a causative agent of fatal severe acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. To date, three antigenic types of CPV-2 were described worldwide (CPV-2a/b/c). This study was conducted to determine the variants of CPV-2 circulating in dogs from the Cuiabá Municipality in Midwestern Brazil. Out of 50 fecal samples, collected between 2009 and 2011, 27 tested positive for CPV-2. A 583 bp fragment of the VP2 gene was amplified by PCR, 13 representative samples were analyzed further by DNA sequencing. All strains were characterized as CPV-2c, displayed a low genetic variability although observed several amino acid substitution. These findings indicated that CPV-2c has been circulating in dogs from the Cuiabá Municipality in Midwestern Brazil.

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