scholarly journals Effect of feeding frequency of a diet containing soya hulls on the food intake and behaviour of dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabyta T. Sabchuk ◽  
Juliana R. Silva ◽  
Francielle O. Marx ◽  
Ananda P. Felix ◽  
Alex Maiorka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Restrict Food Intake ◽  
Food Residues

AbstractDietary fibre may promote satiety and reduce energy consumption per gram of food. Associated with feeding management, dietary fibre may contribute to reduce anxiety in dogs submitted to food restriction to lose weight. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the food intake and the behaviour of dogs fed diets without soya hulls (0SH) or with soya hulls (16SH) once (1×) or twice (2×) daily. Eight adult Beagle dogs, with 11·3 (se1·6) kg body weight (BW), 4·1 (se0·1) years of age and body condition score between 4 and 7, were distributed in 4 × 4 Latin square design (n8/treatment, 5 d/period) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (0SHv.16SH; 1×v.2×). Food allowance was 50 % in excess of the daily metabolisable energy (ME) requirements; food residues were weighed. The behavioural test consisted in continuously observations for 24 h, using the scanning sampling technique (observations every 10 min). General behaviours, such as sleeping, barking, standing and others were recorded. Food intake in g/kg BW0·75per d of 0SH and 16SH was not different (P > 0·05). However, dogs fed the 0SH diet presented higher (P > 0·05) energy intake (kJ/kg BW0·75per d;P < 0·05) compared with those fed the 16SH diet. Dogs fed 2× daily had higher intake, both in g and in kJ, compared with those fed 1 × , independently of diet. There was no interaction between diets and feeding frequency (P > 0·05). No behavioural differences were observed (P > 0·05). The diet containing 16SH, despite reducing ME intake, did not restrict food intake (in g). Dogs fed 1× per d had lower food intake, possibly due to gastric capacity limitation.

scholarly journals Physical activity level of adult cats with varied feeding frequency

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (S1) ◽  
pp. S166-S169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Deng ◽  
Ryan W. Grant ◽  
Kelly S. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Adult Cats

The prevalence of feline obesity is influenced by numerous factors, including inactivity and overconsumption of food. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding frequency on physical activity in adult cats. A total of twelve healthy adult cats were used in a cross-over study consisting of 32 d. In each of the two periods, six cats were fed either two meals or four meals daily. Throughout the study, cats were fed the same diet at amounts to maintain body weight and body condition score. Cats were individually housed 4 h/d at each scheduled feeding time, while for the other 20 h, cats were group-housed to allow for voluntary physical activity in the room with a 16 h light–8 h dark cycle. Voluntary activity levels were evaluated using Actical activity collars for seven consecutive days in each period. Daily average activity level for two-meal-fed cats (20·04 (sem 2·19), activity counts/epoch (15 s)) was not different from four-meal-fed cats (20·14 (sem 2·15), activity counts/epoch (15 s); P>0·05). In conclusion, when group-housed cats are fed to maintain their body weight and body condition score, varied feeding frequency between twice and four times daily may not affect activity levels.

scholarly journals Energy Requirement and Food Intake Behaviour in Young Adult Intact Male Cats with and without Predisposition to Overweight

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitta Wichert ◽  
Julia Trossen ◽  
Daniel Uebelhart ◽  
Marcel Wanner ◽  
Sonja Hartnack
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Feeding Station ◽  
Condition Score

Obesity is a common problem in cats. In the experimental cat family of the institute of animal nutrition besides a “normal” lean phenotype, cats with predisposition to an overweight phenotype are present. To investigate energy requirements and food intake behaviour of intact male cats of different phenotypes, six “normal” lean cats (GL) and six cats disposed to overweight (GO) were used. At the beginning of the experiment, all cats had an ideal body condition score of 5. To reach this the GO cats had to pass a weight-loss program. Energy requirements of the cats were determined using respiration chambers, whereas the amount and frequency of food intake was measured with a feeding station recording the data automatically. Energy requirement at weight constancy of the GO cats was even on fat-free mass (FFM) significantly (P=0.02) lower (162.6 kJ/kg FFM/d) than that of the “normal” lean cats (246 kJ/kg FFM/d). The GO cats also showed a higher food intake34.5±1.5 g dry matter/kg body weight0.67compared to the GL cats (24.0±2.1 g dry matter/kg body weight0.67)(P=0.001). In conclusion quantifiable differences in food intake and behaviour in cats predisposed to overweight compared to “normal” lean cats were found.

Effect of body condition at calving and level of feeding in early lactation on milk production of dairy cows

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Grainger ◽  
GD Wilhelms ◽  
AA McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Degree Of Confidence

Two experiments were carried out to measure effects of body condition at calving and different levels of feeding after calving on milk and subsequent reproduction.In experiment 1, which was conducted in two consecutive years, 162 cows (77 in year 1 and 85 in year 2) were group feed so as to reach a target body condition (condition scores ranging from 3-6) four weeks before calving. During the last four weeks before calving, all cows were managed so as to maintain their individual condition scores. At calving, cows in similar condition of similar breed and with similar previous milk production were allocated to high and low levels of feeding at pasture for the first five weeks of lactation. Mean pasture intakes were 13.0 and 7.0kg dry matter (DM)/cow.d in year 1 and 15.0 and 8.5 kg DM/cow.d in year 2In experiment 2, 40 cows were offered pasture and hay from 20 weeks before calving to achieve a body condition score of either 4 or 6 by two weeks before calving. During the first five weeks of lactation, cows were individually fed in stalls on freshly cut pasture at one of three levels of intake, 7 or 10 kg DM/cow.d or .In both experiments cows were grazed as one group from week 6 to 20 of lactation.Improved body condition at calving resulted in an extra 4.0, 11.0 and 7.4 kg milk fat per unit condition score over 20 weeks of lactation, for year 1 and 2 of experiment 1, and experiment 2, respectively. Cows in poorer condition partitioned a higher proportion of feed energy to liveweight at the expense of milk production than did the cows in better condition. However, increasing the plane of nutrition in early lactation resulted in higher levels of milk production and reduced the need for cows to mobilize bodyreserves. Improved body condition at calving had a positive effect on milk fat percentage, particularly in early lactation, but did not affect milk protein percentage. Input-output relations calculated from the experimental data showed that the benefit sf to improve body condition before calving was less than that of additional feeding after calvin changes in the condition of the cows were taken into consideration (25.8 vs 1 4.6 kg DM to yi kilogram of milkfat). Improvements in condition and feeding in early lactation reduced the anoestrus interval after calving by 5.7 d for each additional condition score at calving and 1. d for each additional kgDM/cow.d fed over weeks 1-5 of lactation. The input-output relations resented will enable farmers to assess the likely consequenes of changes in their feeding management in the crucial peripartum period with a greater degree of confidence than in the past.

Minor milk constituents are affected by protein concentration and forage digestibility in the feed ration

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Lene Alstrup ◽  
Martin Riis Weisbjerg
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Predictive Parameters ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Free Glucose

The present study was conducted in order to investigate if selected minor milk components would be indicative for the nutritional situation of the cow. Forty-eight dairy cows were offered a high digestible ration vs. a lower digestible ration combined with 2 protein levels in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Milk glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, cholesterol, triacylglycerides (TAG), uric acid and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were measured and correlated mutually and towards other milking parameters (yield, h since last milking, days in milk (DIM), urea, etc). The variation range of the suggested variables were broad, a fact that may support their utilisation as predictive parameters. The content of milk metabolites was significantly affected by the change in rations as milk glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, uric acid, and the ratio cholesterol: triacylglycerides increased with higher energy intake while BHBA and TAG decreased. The content of some of the milk metabolites changed during 24 h day/night periods: BHBA, cholesterol, uric acid and TAG increased whereas free glucose decreased in the night period. Certain associations between milk metabolites and calculated energy parameters like ECM, body condition score (BCS), and body weight gain were found, however, these associations were to some extent explained by an interaction with DIM, just as changes in milk metabolites during a 24 h period seems to interfere. It is concluded that the practical use of the suggested milk variables should be based on more than one metabolite and that stage of lactation and possibly time of the day where the milk is collected should be incorporated in predictive models.

scholarly journals The Feed Requirements of Adult Red Deer

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
R.C. Mulley
Keyword(s):  
Red Deer ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Production Objectives

This paper reviews the feeding requirements of adult red deer from nutritional, management and ecological perspectives. Particular emphasis is placed on the need to balance production objectives in the context of ecological sustainability. Topics such as feeding behaviour, feeding management, the relationship of body condition score to nutritional sufficiency, daily and seasonal feed intake requirements, and pasture species selection are also presented. The marketability of venison and the longterm acceptance of deer farming will be largely shaped by consumer perception of the animal welfare implications of production techniques, the ecological impact of production and an industry image that reflects social responsibility. Development of efficient feeding systems for farmed deer will impact on all of these areas.

scholarly journals Using low-moisture molasses-based blocks to supplement Ca salts of soybean oil to forage-fed beef cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 933-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Poggi Brandão ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Kelsey M Schubach ◽  
Eduardo A Colombo ◽  
Giovanna N Scatolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Total N ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Condition Score

Abstract This experiment compared plasma fatty acid (FA) profile of forage-fed beef cows receiving a molasses-based supplement enriched with Ca salts of soybean oil [CSSO; 24.7% of dry matter (DM)] via a self-fed low-moisture block (LMB) or hand-fed granular concentrate daily (CONC). Thirty-six nonlactating, nonpregnant, multiparous beef cows were blocked by age (three blocks), ranked within blocks by body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS), and allocated to 1 of three drylot pens (27 × 10 m) per block. Nine pens with four cows each were enrolled in a replicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with two periods of 42 d, and a 21-d washout interval. On day 0, pens within each block were randomly assigned to receive one of the three treatments, in a manner that pens did not receive the same treatment in both periods (total n = 6 pens per treatment). Cows received hay (Cynodon dactylon), water, and a mineral–vitamin mix for ad libitum consumption during the study. Hay intake was recorded daily from days 0 to 42, and LMB intake was recorded from days 14 to 42 to allow cows to adapt to supplement with minimal interference from days 0 to 13. The CONC was offered at 0.420 kg/cow daily (DM basis) from days 0 to 13 and then adjusted (days 14 to 42) to match LMB intake. Cow BW and BCS were recorded, and blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, 28, and 42. Average LMB intake during the initial 13 d was 0.846 ± 0.107 kg/cow daily (DM basis). Supplement DM intake did not differ (P = 0.39) between LMB and CONC cows from days 14 to 42 as designed (0.570 vs. 0.583 kg/d, respectively; SEM = 0.011), despite a greater variation in daily intake of LMB vs. CONC (treatment × day interaction; P &lt; 0.01). No treatments effects were noted (P ≥ 0.40) for hay intake, BCS, and BW. Treatment × day interactions were detected (P ≤ 0.01) for plasma concentrations of ω-6 polyunsaturated FA and total FA. On day 0, plasma FA profile did not differ (P ≥ 0.20) between treatments. From days 14 to 42, plasma concentrations of linoleic acid, ω-6 polyunsaturated FA, and total FA were greater (P &lt; 0.01) in CONC and LMB vs. NOSUPP cows. Plasma concentrations of these FA were also greater (P ≤ 0.03) in LMB vs. CONC cows on day 14, but did not differ (P ≥ 0.35) on days 28 and 42. These results indicate that CSSO inclusion into LMB resulted in similar incorporation of ω-6 polyunsaturated and total FA in the circulation compared with CONC offered at the same daily rate. Hence, the use of self-fed LMB appears to be a valid strategy to provide CSSO to forage-fed beef cattle with reduced labor needs.

scholarly journals The Impact of Feed Supplementations on Asian Buffaloes: A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi ◽  
Hafandi Ahmad ◽  
Norhariani Mohd Nor ◽  
Yong-Meng Goh ◽  
Mohd Zamri-Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bypass Fat

With the increase in the global buffalo herd, the use of supplementation in the ruminant feeding has become an important area for many researchers who are looking for an isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet to improve production parameters. In order to improve the performance of the Asian water buffalo, the optimal balance of all nutrients, including energy and protein, are important as macronutrients. Dietary supplementation is one of the alternatives to enhance the essential nutrient content in the buffalo diet and to improve the rumen metabolism of the animal. Researchers have found that supplementation of concentrate and rumen bypass fat could change growth performance and carcass traits without causing any adverse effects on the buffalo growth. Some studies showed that dry matter intake, body condition score and some blood parameters and hormones related to growth responded positively to concentrate and rumen bypass fat supplementation. In addition, changes of feeding management by adding the supplement to the ruminant basal diet helped to increase the profit of the local farmers due to the increased performance and productivity of the animals. Nevertheless, the effects of dietary supplementation on the performance of ruminants are inconsistent. Thus, its long-term effects on the health and productivity of buffaloes still need to be further investigated.

scholarly journals Some Factors Associated with Ovarian Disorders of Dairy Cattle in Northern Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-247
Author(s):  
S. T. Long ◽  
P. V. Gioi ◽  
N. T. Suong
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Rectal Palpation

This research’s objectives were to assess the risk factors associated with ovarian disorders in dairy cattle in Hanoi Capital, Ha Nam Province, Vinh Phuc Province, and Moc Chau District in Son La Province. The ovarian diseases were evaluated by rectal palpation combined with information collected based on the questionnaire and surveys. Records of feeding management and ovarian disorders were comprising of persistent corpus luteum (PCL), cystic ovarian disease (COD), inactive ovary (IO) from 818 females, including heifers and cows from the first to the eighth parities. A multinomial logistic regression procedure in SAS9.0 was applied for data analysis. The results have shown that the changes of region, age classes, housing condition, and body condition scores were associated with the odds of suffering from dairy cattle’s ovarian disorder categories. The cows got the odds of suffering from PCL in the old age or fatter condition, and IO at the younger or angular cows. When cattle were confined in simple houses or laid on rubber bedding, they suffered from IO, but they tended to get the odds of suffering from PCL when the cattle were raised in modern houses or laid on concrete bedding. In conclusion, region, parity, body condition score, housing type, and bedding material affect ovarian disorders in dairy cattle in northern Vietnam.

scholarly journals Production and marginal analysis of lactating cows subjected to dietary cation-anion balances

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e52698
Author(s):  
Cibelle Borges Figueiredo ◽  
Hermógenes Almeida de Santana Junior ◽  
Fabrício Barcelar Lima Mendes ◽  
Elizângela Oliveira Cardoso-Santana ◽  
Pablo Teixeira Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Marginal Rate Of Return

The objective of this study was to evaluate productive, nutritional, and economic traits in lactating cows on pasture fed diets with different cation-anion balances (DCAB). Ten lactating ¾ Holstein × ¼ Dairy Gyr cows in the middle third of lactation, at an average age of 70 ± 4.6 months and an average body weight of 400 ± 55.2 kg, were distributed into five treatments in a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design with two simultaneous squares. Treatments consisted of diets with DCAB of +237, +258, +294, +347, or +419 mEq dry matter (DM). No effects of intake were observed. There was no significant effect of DCAB on milk yield. The milk protein content was not influenced by the DCAB. Body condition score was not significantly affected by the DCAB. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter and nutrients (crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients) were not affected by the DCAB. Marginal rate of return did not show significant differences. Under good conditions of pasture, forage availability, and quality associated with the lactation phases of the cows, all diets were efficient in milk production, dry matter intake, and digestibility. However, in economic terms, the most attractive DCAB was +237 mEq kg-1 DM.

Barley or black oat silages in feeding strategies for small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Aída Gómez-Miranda ◽  
Julieta Gertrudis Estrada-Flores ◽  
Ernesto Morales-Almaraz ◽  
Felipe López-González ◽  
Gonzalo Flores-Calvete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Feeding Costs ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Dairy Systems ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

High costs from external inputs in small-scale dairy systems (SSDS) and possible effects of climate change, require forage alternatives as silage for the dry season, from small-grain cereals that have short cropping cycles, winter hardiness, and good nutritional quality. The objective was to assess the provision of 10 kg dry matter (DM) cow−1 d−1 of barley (BLY) or black oat (BKO) silages in three treatments: T1 = 100% BLY; T2 = 50% BLY + 50% BKO; T3 = 100% BKO for milking cows. All treatments also received 4.6 kg DM cow−1 d−1 of concentrates and access to pasture. Nine Holstein cows in groups of three were randomly assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design repeated three times, with 14 d experimental periods. Measurements of animal variables and sampling for chemical analyses of feeds were done during the last 4 d of each period. Feeding costs were by partial budgets. There were no differences (P > 0.05) for milk yield, milk fat and protein content, milk urea nitrogen, body condition score, or live weight. The cost of BLY silage was 8% less than BKO silage. T1 had the higher margin over cost of feeds followed by T2. Both silages alone or in combination are viable options for SSDS, as there were no differences in performance, or in feeding costs or margins.

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