scholarly journals Energy Requirement and Food Intake Behaviour in Young Adult Intact Male Cats with and without Predisposition to Overweight

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitta Wichert ◽  
Julia Trossen ◽  
Daniel Uebelhart ◽  
Marcel Wanner ◽  
Sonja Hartnack
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Feeding Station ◽  
Condition Score

Obesity is a common problem in cats. In the experimental cat family of the institute of animal nutrition besides a “normal” lean phenotype, cats with predisposition to an overweight phenotype are present. To investigate energy requirements and food intake behaviour of intact male cats of different phenotypes, six “normal” lean cats (GL) and six cats disposed to overweight (GO) were used. At the beginning of the experiment, all cats had an ideal body condition score of 5. To reach this the GO cats had to pass a weight-loss program. Energy requirements of the cats were determined using respiration chambers, whereas the amount and frequency of food intake was measured with a feeding station recording the data automatically. Energy requirement at weight constancy of the GO cats was even on fat-free mass (FFM) significantly (P=0.02) lower (162.6 kJ/kg FFM/d) than that of the “normal” lean cats (246 kJ/kg FFM/d). The GO cats also showed a higher food intake34.5±1.5 g dry matter/kg body weight0.67compared to the GL cats (24.0±2.1 g dry matter/kg body weight0.67)(P=0.001). In conclusion quantifiable differences in food intake and behaviour in cats predisposed to overweight compared to “normal” lean cats were found.

Evaluation of production efficiencies among primiparous suckler cows of diverse genetic index at pasture

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (s1) ◽  
pp. s55-s59 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. McCabe ◽  
N. McHugh ◽  
R. Prendiville
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Genetic Index

This study aimed to determine estimates of production efficiency among primiparous suckler cows of diverse genetic merit (GM) for the national Irish maternal index. Data from 82 heifers of diverse GM across two different replacement strategies (suckler (S) or dairy (D) sourced) were available. Milk yield, grass dry matter intake, cow BW and body condition score (BCS) were recorded. The maternal index had no significant effect on any parameters investigated, whereas S cows were 86 kg heavier in BW, had a 0.33 greater BCS and 0.6 UFL greater NEM requirement compared with D beef crossbred (F1) cows. The F1 produced 2.2 kg/day more milk and had greater lactation energy requirements (0.8 UFL) than S. The F1 produced 0.48 kg milk per 100 kg BW and 0.15 kg more milk per unit intake. An interaction between GM and cow origin (CO) showed that F1 low merit cows consumed an additional 1 kg DM than F1 high, and that S high merit cows produced 1.5 kg less milk than their S low counterparts resulting in a 0.5 UFL greater energy requirement for milk production for S low. The F1 high merit cows produced 0.12 kg more milk per unit intake than F1 low cows, whereas S low cows produced 0.12 kg less milk per unit intake than S high. The F1 low cows consumed 0.17 kg more DM per unit BW than F1 high. Thus, genetic selection for maternal traits has not resulted in differences in production efficiency traits, however CO differences were observed.

scholarly journals Effects of neutering on food intake, body weight and body composition in growing female kittens

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (S1) ◽  
pp. S19-S23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille G. Alexander ◽  
Carina Salt ◽  
Gaelle Thomas ◽  
Richard Butterwick
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Dry Diet

To understand the effects of neutering on food intake, body weight (BW) and body composition in kittens, data from an unrelated study were subjected topost hocanalysis. A total of twelve pairs of 11-week-old female littermates were randomly assigned to either a neutered group (neutered at 19 weeks old) or an entire group (kept entire) and offered free access to a dry diet until the age of 1 year. Neutered kittens exhibited increased food intake and increased BW after neutering (bothP < 0·00 001). Food intake (per kg BW) peaked 10 weeks after neutering; the mean intake of neutered kittens was 17 (95 % CI 8, 27) % more than entire littermates (P = 0·00 014). The intake was then reduced until there was no significant difference between the groups 18 weeks post-neutering. By 52 weeks of age, the neutered kittens were 24 (95 % CI 11, 39) % heavier than entire littermates (P < 0·0001) with a body condition score (BCS) 16·6 (95 % CI 0·9, 34·8) % higher (P = 0·0028). Neutered kittens continued to grow significantly fatter after neutering (allP < 0·0014), while entire kittens showed no significant change after 18 weeks of age. As neutered kittens consumed similar amounts of energy to their entire littermates from 18 weeks post-neutering, while their BW, BCS and percentage fat continued to increase, we suggest that neutered kittens have a reduced metabolisable energy requirement, and should therefore be fed to maintain an ideal BCS rather thanad libitum.Moreover, to maintain an ideal BCS, entire kittens consumed 93 (95 % CI 87, 100) % of their theoretical intake at 26 weeks of age, and 79 (95 % CI 72, 87) % at 52 weeks of age, suggesting that the current energy recommendation is inappropriate for these kittens.

scholarly journals PSX-2 Growth and lactating performance of ewes fed with different energy levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 467-468
Author(s):  
Fernanda F Santos ◽  
Luciano Brochine ◽  
Vanderlei Benetel Junior ◽  
Maria Laura R Coelho ◽  
Augusto H Gameiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Condition Score

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the milk production, body weight, and body condition score (BCS) of ewes fed with different energy levels. Seventy-one ewes were used and distributed in three treatments according to the metabolizable energy (ME, Mcal/kg) levels in the diet: CTL = according to the NRC (2007) recommendation for each stage (gestation and lactation); PLUS = CTL plus 10% of ME per kilogram of dry matter; LESS = CTL less 10% ME per kilogram of dry matter. Body weight and body condition score were evaluated a week before the expected date of parturition, a week after giving birth, and at weaning (60 days). Dairy production was evaluated at 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after giving birth by the indirect method of the two weighing. The experimental design was analyzed as randomized complete blocks. There were no differences on milk production during almost all the lactation curve. Only on day 50 (P = 0.051), CTL was still at peak, while LESS and PLUS had already decreased their production. However, at 60 days, all treatments were already with low production, justifying weaning in this period. Results of weight and BCS showed a significant difference in all periods evaluates. Ewes in the PLUS diet had greater BW and BCS. The BCS before giving birth is expected to be over 3.5 and treatment LESS was the only one that did not achieve this score (2.66, 3.37, 3.83 for LESS, CTL, and PLUS, respectively). At weaning, ewes fed PLUS and CTL had BCS of 3.51 and 2.92, respectively, but treatment LESS had only 1.82. That is prejudicial for the next mating seasonal and this animal. We concluded that LESS diet interfered with the body reserves of sheep.

scholarly journals Heritability of Electronically Recorded Daily Body Weight and Correlations with Yield, Dry Matter Intake, and Body Condition Score

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 3201-3210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Toshniwal ◽  
C.D. Dechow ◽  
B.G. Cassell ◽  
J.A.D.R.N. Appuhamy ◽  
G.A. Varga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Daily Body Weight

scholarly journals The impact of time of neutering on weight gain and energy intake in female kittens

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Allaway ◽  
Matthew Gilham ◽  
Alison Colyer ◽  
Penelope J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Diet Restriction ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNeutering is a risk factor for obesity in companion animals. In a study to determine the total energy requirements of kittens (15–52 weeks) the impact of neutering and age when neutered on intake and body weight (BW) was investigated. Females (n 14), neutered when 19 (early neuter; EN) or 31 (conventional neuter; CN) weeks old (n 7/group), were individually fed to maintain an ideal body condition score (BCS). EN kittens gained weight gradually whilst CN kittens’ BW gain slowed from week 24, weighing less than EN kittens from week 30 with a reduced energy intake (kcal/kg BW0·67) in weeks 24–32 (P < 0·05). Following neutering, CN cats’ BW and energy intake increased rapidly (energy intake CN > EN in weeks 36–40). Although EN required earlier diet restriction, acute hyperphagia and increased rate of BW gain following neutering were not observed. Earlier neutering may aid healthy weight management through growth when regulating intake to maintain an ideal BCS.

scholarly journals 70 Cows housed in muddy environmental conditions during late gestation have lesser body weight and body condition score compared with cows housed on wood chips

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 48-48
Author(s):  
Kirsten Nickles ◽  
Alejandro E Relling ◽  
Alvaro Garcia-Guerra ◽  
Francis L Fluharty ◽  
Anthony J Parker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Condition Score

Abstract Future climate predictions suggest greater precipitation events and an increase in mean ambient temperature during winter months, creating wet and muddy conditions during the last third of gestation for spring calving beef cows. Cows housed in these conditions will likely have increased energy requirements; however, there is limited data on cow requirements in such circumstances. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of muddy environmental conditions on cow body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) in late gestation. Twenty multiparous Angus cows (n = 10/treatment) housed and fed individually were used in this study. Cows were paired based on initial BW, and one cow from each pair was randomly allocated to either the mud (MUD) or control treatment (CON). Cows in the CON treatment were bedded with wood chips and not exposed to mud, while cows in the MUD treatment were housed in mud (23.6 ± 5.8 cm). Cows were fed the same diet, and each pair was fed to the CON cow’s requirements for maintenance and day of gestation. Maintenance requirements were adjusted weekly. From 213 to 269 days of gestation, cows were sampled for BW and BCS weekly. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements, and the SLICE option of SAS was used for mean separation. All cows started at similar BW (P = 0.35) and BCS (P = 0.79); however, cows housed in muddy conditions had lesser BW (P &lt; 0.01) and BCS (P &lt; 0.01) at day 269 compared with CON cows, while there were no dry matter refusals from any animals throughout the study. Therefore, MUD cows weighed 37.6 kg less than CON cows by the end of the study while dry matter intake was the same between treatments, indicating that mud greatly increased cow requirements.

Food intake and energy expenditure of indian troops in training

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Malhotra ◽  
Umesh Chandra ◽  
R. M Rai ◽  
Y. Venkataswamy ◽  
K. Sridharan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
The Mean

1. Food intake and energy expenditure were determined on 500 soldiers drawn from infantry, artillery and engineer units of the Indian army, for 3 months during winter..2. The units were located in two different regions of India at altitudes varying from sea level to 2300 m..3. The energy requirements were assessed from the actual food intake as well as from energy expenditure and from the changes in body-weight and skinfold thickness..4. The nutritional adequacy of the diet was assessed from clinical examination and changes in blood haemoglobin concentration..5. The mean energy expenditure was found to be 15.39 MJ (3679 kcal) and on this basis the energy requirement was 16.61 MJ (3970 kcal); energy intake was found to be 16.47 MJ (3936 kcal)..6. The energy contributed by protein, fat and carbohydrate was 0.115, 0.240 and 0.645 of the total intake respectively..7. There was no significant change in body-weight, blood haemoglobin level and skinfold thickness on this mean daily intake.

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