scholarly journals Women (and Men) on the Move: Scots in the English North c. 1440

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Large Numbers ◽  
The One

AbstractAlien subsidies suggest that many men and few women immigrated to England between 1440 and 1487. This article examines the one exception to this pattern: the large numbers of Scotswomen assessed as aliens in Cumberland, Westmorland, and Northumberland in 1440. It considers why so many women are found in these particular returns, what we can know about them, and how this knowledge might change our histories of women, labor, and mobility in both Scotland and England.

scholarly journals Rare Earth Elements Enhanced the Oxidation Resistance of Mo-Si-Based Alloys for High Temperature Application: A Review

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Laihao Yu ◽  
Yingyi Zhang ◽  
Tao Fu ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Kunkun Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Oxidation Behavior ◽  
Strengthening Mechanism ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The One

Traditional refractory materials such as nickel-based superalloys have been gradually unable to meet the performance requirements of advanced materials. The Mo-Si-based alloy, as a new type of high temperature structural material, has entered the vision of researchers due to its charming high temperature performance characteristics. However, its easy oxidation and even “pesting oxidation” at medium temperatures limit its further applications. In order to solve this problem, researchers have conducted large numbers of experiments and made breakthrough achievements. Based on these research results, the effects of rare earth elements like La, Hf, Ce and Y on the microstructure and oxidation behavior of Mo-Si-based alloys were systematically reviewed in the current work. Meanwhile, this paper also provided an analysis about the strengthening mechanism of rare earth elements on the oxidation behavior for Mo-Si-based alloys after discussing the oxidation process. It is shown that adding rare earth elements, on the one hand, can optimize the microstructure of the alloy, thus promoting the rapid formation of protective SiO2 scale. On the other hand, it can act as a diffusion barrier by producing stable rare earth oxides or additional protective films, which significantly enhances the oxidation resistance of the alloy. Furthermore, the research focus about the oxidation protection of Mo-Si-based alloys in the future was prospected to expand the application field.

Biotechnology education and societal demands: challenges faced by biotechnology and human resources development

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pandu Ranga Narasimharao
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Knowledge Integration ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Educational Guidance ◽  
The One

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the social responsibility of universities and other higher education institutes in meeting the challenges faced by biotechnology and human resource development.Design/methodology/approachThe challenges faced by biotechnology are discussed under three broad heads – exponential growth in biotechnology knowledge, commercialization and industrialization of the biotechnologies, and knowledge integration by various stakeholders of biotechnology.FindingsThe emergence of the knowledge society warrants that universities ensure that overall work of the academy is more relevant to the nation's most pressing civic, social, economic and moral problems and that there is an urgent need to have a fresh look at the approaches followed in biotechnology education and training, particularly with reference to developing countries. It is necessary to see how the different players (industries, university, society, government) concerned with biotechnology can act in unison and in a mutually beneficial way. An integrated approach to the field of biotechnology combining different subject areas is necessary and the courses and approach should reflect this.Originality/valueCareer counselors and those engaged in educational guidance are flooded with inquiries about biotechnology courses and their scope. It is observed, on the one hand, that the biotechnology field is starved of talent and, on the other hand, that there are several universities/colleges, particularly in developing countries, producing large numbers of unemployable graduates. Some serious thinking needs to be done urgently to overcome this problem.

scholarly journals Frugal innovation: doing more with less for more

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2095) ◽  
pp. 20160372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaideep Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Frugal Innovation ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
The One

The global economy will face significant challenges over the next few decades. On the one hand, it must meet the needs of 7 billion consumers (growing to 9 billion by 2050), including the currently unmet basic needs of large numbers in developing countries in areas such as food, energy, housing and health. On the other hand, it must achieve this growth without exceeding the resources available on the planet or causing environmental devastation. This paper argues that such change is possible through a systemic shift to a frugal economy that involves radical, frugal innovation across sectors. Such a transformation will involve the participation of large and small firms, consumers and governments alike. The paper introduces the notion of frugal innovation—the creation of faster, better and cheaper solutions for more people that employ minimal resources—and discusses strategies and examples of such change already taking place in core sectors like manufacturing, food, automotive and energy in developing and developed economies. It also outlines the role of the interaction between large and small firms as well as between firms and consumers in making change possible, as well as the role of governments in driving change where market mechanisms alone will not suffice. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Material demand reduction’.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Link between Diet and DNA Methylation

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Zehra Kadayifci ◽  
Shasha Zheng ◽  
Yuan-Xiang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dna Demethylation ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
The One

DNA methylation is a vital modification process in the control of genetic information, which contributes to the epigenetics by regulating gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Abnormal DNA methylation—both hypomethylation and hypermethylation—has been associated with improper gene expression, leading to several disorders. Two types of risk factors can alter the epigenetic regulation of methylation pathways: genetic factors and modifiable factors. Nutrition is one of the strongest modifiable factors, which plays a direct role in DNA methylation pathways. Large numbers of studies have investigated the effects of nutrition on DNA methylation pathways, but relatively few have focused on the biochemical mechanisms. Understanding the biological mechanisms is essential for clarifying how nutrients function in epigenetics. It is believed that nutrition affects the epigenetic regulations of DNA methylation in several possible epigenetic pathways: mainly, by altering the substrates and cofactors that are necessary for proper DNA methylation; additionally, by changing the activity of enzymes regulating the one-carbon cycle; and, lastly, through there being an epigenetic role in several possible mechanisms related to DNA demethylation activity. The aim of this article is to review the potential underlying biochemical mechanisms that are related to diet modifications in DNA methylation and demethylation.

A Dispersal of Larvae of the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 581-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Cass
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

In July, 1952, during studies on the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), at Merivale, Ontario, a large-scale dispersal of the larvae was observed. A field of early potatoes consisting of seven 100-foot rows, which was to be used as a source of supply of the insect for plant resistance studies, had been artifically infested on June 30 by placing an overwintered adult on each plant. The beetles laid eggs in largc numbers and by the second week of July the plants were overpopulated wit11 larvae. By July 14 the plants were stripped of foliage and the larvae were forced to feed on the stalks. On the morning of July 16 the starving larvae began to leave the plants in large numbers. Almost all left on the one day, some of them travelling considerable distances.

scholarly journals Marcinkiewicz-type strong law of large numbers for double arrays of pairwise independent random variables

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dug Hun Hong ◽  
Seok Yoon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Law Of Large Numbers ◽  
Double Sequence ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Independent Random Variables ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Strong Law ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Pairwise Independent Random Variables ◽  
The One

Let {Xij}be a double sequence of pairwise independent random variables. If P{|Xmn|≥t}≤P{|X|≥t}for all nonnegative real numbers tandE|X|p(log+|X|)3<∞, for1<p<2, then we prove that∑i=1m∑j=1n(Xij−EXij)(mn)1/p→0    a.s.   as  m∨n→∞.                                     (0.1)Under the weak condition ofE|X|plog+|X|<∞, it converges to 0inL1. And the results can be generalized to anr-dimensional array of random variables under the conditionsE|X|p(log+|X|)r+1<∞,E|X|p(log+|X|)r−1<∞, respectively, thus, extending Choi and Sung's result [1] of the one-dimensional case.

scholarly journals Power of Proteomics in Linking Oxidative Stress and Female Infertility

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajal Gupta ◽  
Jana Ghulmiyyah ◽  
Rakesh Sharma ◽  
Jacques Halabi ◽  
Ashok Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Unexplained Infertility ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The One ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Endometriosis, PCOS, and unexplained infertility are currently the most common diseases rendering large numbers of women infertile worldwide. Oxidative stress, due to its deleterious effects on proteins and nucleic acids, is postulated to be the one of the important mechanistic pathways in differential expression of proteins and in these diseases. The emerging field of proteomics has allowed identification of proteins involved in cell cycle, as antioxidants, extracellular matrix (ECM), cytoskeleton, and their linkage to oxidative stress in female infertility related diseases. The aim of this paper is to assess the association of oxidative stress and protein expression in the reproductive microenvironments such as endometrial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and follicular fluid, as well as reproductive tissues and serum. The review also highlights the literature that proposes the use of the fertility related proteins as potential biomarkers for noninvasive and early diagnosis of the aforementioned diseases rather than utilizing the more invasive methods used currently. The review will highlight the power of proteomic profiles identified in infertility related disease conditions and their linkage with underlying oxidative stress. The power of proteomics will be reviewed with regard to eliciting molecular mechanisms for early detection and management of these infertility related conditions.

Research on Ultrahigh Pumpability of C80 HS & HP Concrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 980-986
Author(s):  
Li Bin Xu ◽  
Nai Qian Feng ◽  
Ch'ng Guan Bee
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
New Town ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
The One ◽  
China Region ◽  
Selection Of

The concrete technology has seen great improvement with the construction of large numbers of ultrahigh buildings at a height of more than 400 meters worldwide. It has been a research hotspot in the field of concrete recently to discuss how to reduce pumping resistance, avoid pumping block and meet the requirements of ultrahigh pumping (h>400m), especially the challenge of the ultrahigh pumping of HS & HP concrete with larger pumping resistance. This paper researches the selection of raw materials and design of mix proportion of C80 concrete used in the construction, and introduces the workable evaluation index, pumpability and pumping project in relation to the ultrahigh pumping of C80 concrete mixture, according to the construction requirements of the one-off pumping height (412 meters) for the C80 HS & HP concrete used in West Tower Project of Zhujiang (Pearl River) New Town in Guangzhou-- the tallest building in South China Region of mainland China.

scholarly journals Order Book Dynamics with Liquidity Fluctuations: Limit Theorems and Large Deviations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helder Rojas ◽  
Anatoly Yambartsev ◽  
Artem Logachov
Keyword(s):  
Large Deviations ◽  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Limit Theorems ◽  
Law Of Large Numbers ◽  
Limit Order Book ◽  
Order Book ◽  
Limit Order ◽  
Bid Ask Spread ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The One

We propose a class of stochastic models for a dynamics of limit order book with different type of liquidities. Within this class of models we study the one where a spread decreases uniformly, belonging to the class of processes known as a population processes with uniform catastrophes. The law of large numbers (LLN), central limit theorem (CLT) and large deviations (LD) are proved for our model with uniform catastrophes. Our results allow us to satisfactorily explain the volatility and local trends in the prices, relevant empirical characteristics that are observed in this type of markets. Furthermore, it shows us how these local trends and volatility are determined by the typical values of the bid-ask spread. In addition, we use our model to show how large deviations occur in the spread and prices, such as those observed in flash crashes.

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