scholarly journals 2376 Efficacy of a 4-part program on brain development

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 69-69
Author(s):  
Emily Silver ◽  
Nancy Michael
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Community Partner ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Homeless Mothers ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Basic Content ◽  
Child's Brain ◽  
Increase Sample Size

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: (1) Provide basic brain knowledge about development and resiliency. (2) Develop an understanding of how a mother can impact a child’s brain development. (3) Foster a sense of agency to increase the likelihood that a mother will enact positive changes. (4) Develop the ability to recognize a connection between one’s own behaviors and a child’s development and behaviors. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Tested the efficacy of a 4-week intervention program on neurodevelopment for homeless mothers. Mothers (n=4) residing at the Center for the Homeless in South Bend, IN were recruited. Used community partner feedback, weekly surveys, and pre/post tests to look at changes in basic content knowledge, behavioral change, and self-efficacy. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Preliminary results indicate an increase in knowledge about neurodevelopment, although results on behavioral changes are inconclusive. The program is anticipated to run a second time with a new group of parents residing in the Center for the Homeless to increase sample size. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Anticipated that the results will add to the existing literature concerning effective interventions in strengthening parenting and neuroscience knowledge in vulnerable populations.

Brain development, infant communication, and empathy disorders: Intrinsic factors in child mental health

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colwyn Trevarthen ◽  
Kenneth J. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Child Mental Health ◽  
Brain Growth ◽  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Limbic Systems ◽  
Brain States ◽  
Cognition And Learning ◽  
Child's Brain

AbstractDisorders of emotion, communication, and learning in early childhood are considered in light of evidence on human brain growth from embryo stages. We cite microbehavioral evidence indicating that infants are born able to express the internal activity of their brains, including dynamic “motive states” that drive learning. Infant expressions stimulate the development of imitative and reciprocal relations with corresponding dynamic brain states of caregivers. The infant's mind must have an “innate self-with-other representation” of the inter-mind correspondence and reciprocity of feelings that can be generated with an adult.Primordial motive systems appear in subcortical and limbic systems of the embryo before the cerebral cortex. These are presumed to continue to guide the growth of a child's brain after birth. We propose that an “intrinsic motive formation” is assembled prenatally and is ready at birth to share emotion with caregivers for regulation of the child's cortical development, on which cultural cognition and learning depend.The intrinsic potentiality for “intersubjectivity” can be disorganized if the epigenetic program for the infant's brain fails. Indeed, many psychological disorders of childhood can be traced to faults in early stages of brain development when core motive systems form.

scholarly journals Population-specific reference panels are crucial for genetic analyses: an example of the CREBRF locus in Native Hawaiians

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (13) ◽  
pp. 2275-2284
Author(s):  
Meng Lin ◽  
Christian Caberto ◽  
Peggy Wan ◽  
Yuqing Li ◽  
Annette Lum-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Underrepresented Populations ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Increase Sample Size

Abstract Statistical imputation applied to genome-wide array data is the most cost-effective approach to complete the catalog of genetic variation in a study population. However, imputed genotypes in underrepresented populations incur greater inaccuracies due to ascertainment bias and a lack of representation among reference individuals, further contributing to the obstacles to study these populations. Here we examined the consequences due to the lack of representation by genotyping in a large number of self-reported Native Hawaiians (N = 3693) a functionally important, Polynesian-specific variant in the CREBRF gene, rs373863828. We found the derived allele was significantly associated with several adiposity traits with large effects (e.g. ~ 1.28 kg/m2 per allele in body mass index as the most significant; P = 7.5 × 10−5), consistent with the original findings in Samoans. Due to the current absence of Polynesian representation in publicly accessible reference sequences, rs373863828 or its proxies could not be tested through imputation using these existing resources. Moreover, the association signals at the entire CREBRF locus could not be captured by alternative approaches, such as admixture mapping. In contrast, highly accurate imputation can be achieved even if a small number (<200) of internally constructed Polynesian reference individuals were available; this would increase sample size and improve the statistical evidence of associations. Taken together, our results suggest the alarming possibility that lack of representation in reference panels could inhibit discovery of functionally important loci such as CREBRF. Yet, they could be easily detected and prioritized with improved representation of diverse populations in sequencing studies.

Biomarkers in Pediatric Magnetoencephalography

2020 ◽  
pp. 375-389
Author(s):  
Julia M. Stephen ◽  
Isabel Solis ◽  
John F. L. Pinner ◽  
Felicha T. Candelaria-Cook
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Atypical Brain Development

The use of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to understand alterations in brain development in children has increased rapidly over the past two decades. Investigators have argued that MEG is an ideal neuroimaging tool for children because the technology is quiet and it provides high-density sensor systems. This participant-friendly technology has led to exploration of the use of MEG to identify biomarkers for atypical brain development to facilitate early diagnosis and intervention. Prior studies provide evidence that MEG is sensitive to a number of pediatric clinical disorders demonstrated through significant differences (e.g., latency, amplitude, spectral power) in children with autism spectrum disorder, children born prematurely, and children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, to name a few. At the same time, differences in age range, stimulus parameters, and study population characteristics contribute to variability in results across independent laboratories. While the current studies provide strong evidence for the sensitivity of MEG to identify brain abnormalities in children, replication studies are needed to validate biomarkers of atypical brain development to identify children at risk for atypical brain development. Additional studies are also needed to understand the dynamic changes in these brain markers across the age spectrum. Finally, future directions include gaining a broader understanding of typical and atypical brain development to identify neural targets for intervention.

scholarly journals Parental Approach to the Prevention and Management of Fever and Pain Following Childhood Immunizations: A Survey Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezzeldin Saleh ◽  
Geeta K. Swamy ◽  
M. Anthony Moody ◽  
Emmanuel B. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Childhood Immunizations ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Analgesic Use ◽  
Vaccination Time

Antipyretic analgesics are commonly used to prevent and treat adverse events following immunizations. Current practice discourages routine use due to possible blunting of vaccine immune responses. We surveyed 150 parents/caregivers of recently vaccinated 6- and 15-month-old children to determine the prevalence of and beliefs regarding antipyretic analgesics use around vaccinations. 11% used them prophylactically, before vaccination. Use in the first 48 hours after vaccination was 64%, primarily to prevent and/or treat fever and pain. Acetaminophen was administered 2.6 times more frequently than ibuprofen. Ibuprofen was used more in the 15-month compared with the 6-month-old children (28% vs 7.4%, respectively, P = .001). The majority of caregivers disagreed with their use for fever (53%) or pain (59%). Antipyretic analgesic use, including prophylaxis, around vaccinations was common in our study population. Effective interventions are needed to target parents/caregivers to eliminate unnecessary antipyretic analgesic use around vaccination time and foster nonmedication alternatives.

scholarly journals Introducing a Group Therapy Program (PLAN D) for Young Outpatients with Derealization and Depersonalization: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rahel Flückiger ◽  
Stefanie J. Schmidt ◽  
Chantal Michel ◽  
Jochen Kindler ◽  
Michael Kaess
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Group Therapy ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Effective Interventions

Depersonalization and derealization (DD) cause significant distress and are associated with poor role and social functional outcomes. Despite the relatively high prevalence of DD symptoms and the chronic course in those suffering from a DD disorder, there still exists a need for effective interventions. Preliminary evidence indicates that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) delivered in an individual setting demonstrates some positive intervention effects for patients with DD regarding their symptom levels. By considering DD-specific treatment needs, a group therapy program was developed as an add-on therapy based on CBT techniques called PLAN D comprising the following elements: psychoeducation, lifestyle interventions, acceptance and mindfulness training, and new patterns of DD-related cognitions. In a pilot study, we present an 8-week group intervention for adolescents and young adults with DD disorder. To our knowledge, no standardized group intervention program for DD exists so far. Thus, this novel intervention represents a promising opportunity to positively influence long-term outcomes and course of DD.

scholarly journals Typical and atypical brain development: a review of neuroimaging studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-384 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

In the course of development, the brain undergoes a remarkable process of restructuring as it adapts to the environment and becomes more efficient in processing information. A variety of brain imaging methods can be used to probe how anatomy, connectivity, and function change in the developing brain. Here we review recent discoveries regarding these brain changes in both typically developing individuals and individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. We begin with typical development, summarizing research on changes in regional brain volume and tissue density, cortical thickness, white matter integrity, and functional connectivity. Space limits preclude the coverage of all neurodevelopmental disorders; instead, we cover a representative selection of studies examining neural correlates of autism, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Fragile X, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Williams syndrome, Down syndrome, and Turner syndrome. Where possible, we focus on studies that identify an age by diagnosis interaction, suggesting an altered developmental trajectory. The studies we review generally cover the developmental period from infancy to early adulthood. Great progress has been made over the last 20 years in mapping how the brain matures with MR technology. With ever-improving technology, we expect this progress to accelerate, offering a deeper understanding of brain development, and more effective interventions for neurodevelopmental disorders.

Male IPV Perpetrators' Perspectives on Facilitation of Batterer Intervention Program: Results From a 2-Year Study

Partner Abuse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope K. Morrison ◽  
Patricia A. Cluss ◽  
Lynn Hawker ◽  
Elizabeth Miller ◽  
Donna George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Batterer Intervention ◽  
Batterer Intervention Programs ◽  
High Degree

As part of a two-year ethnographic study of batterer intervention programs (BIPs) we interviewed 76 male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) on their perspectives regarding BIP facilitators. Participants endorsed a number of characteristics of facilitators that helped to reduce their resistance to the group process and assisted in engaging them in the learning process, including facilitators who were invested in the program and its mission, and displayed a non-judgmental demeanor. At the same time, they also endorsed facilitators who were honest with them and challenged them on their behavior, and who exhibited a high degree of experience in IPV. Additionally, participants endorsed the need to have a female facilitator as part of the group to further promote engagement and learning. This study has implications for thinking about what components of BIP facilitation might be important for reducing some of the resistance that may lead to client attrition, and how BIPs can better engage clients in prosocial behavioral changes.

An Adlerian-Based Empowering Intervention Program With Burned-Out Teachers

2021 ◽  
pp. 002205742199833
Author(s):  
Farshad Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Experimental Group

We examined the effects of an intervention program based on Adlerian psychology on the burned-out teachers. By administering the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Achievement Motivation Test (AMT), we identified 60 teachers with burnout symptoms. The experimental group attended eight sessions of the intervention program with different cognitive restructuring techniques and motivational themes to facilitate psychological empowerment. The findings demonstrated the positive effects of the program on alleviating burnout with cognitive and behavioral changes in the participants’ personal and professional lives. The durability of these improvements was moderate at a 6-month follow-up after the intervention.

scholarly journals PENDAMPINGAN BANK SAMPAH MELATI BERSIH BERBASIS PEMBERDAYAAN BAGI MASYARAKAT URBAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Muhtadi Muhtadi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
Study Population

Problems of waste management in urban areas requires the participation of public awareness. Community or residents can participate in managing the garbage, especially in their respective environments. Citizens can change the behavior of earlier indifference turns to participate in managing the waste problem. The waste problem is not only the responsibility of governments, and but requires the participation of the broadest community to also find solutions to manage waste from the source of the problem into something more beneficial both economically and environmentally the type of research is descriptive research with quantitative approach. This research was conducted at the Bank Sampah Melati Bersih (an organization community) in South Tangerang City. This study population is a member of the Bank Sampah Melati Bersih in South Tangerang City. The sample in this research were 30 people who manage trash in housing. Processing data using Spearman correlation test analysis. The results of the research are (1) characteristics of individuals relate to real behavioral changes in trash management in a residential neighborhood. (2) Trash companion role of Bank Sampah Melati Bersih tangible associated with behavioral changes in waste management in a residential neighborhood. [Problematika tentang pengelolaan sampah di perkotaan memerlukan kesadaran masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi. Masyarakat atau warga dapat ikut mengelola sampah terutama di lingkungan masing-masing. Warga masyarakat dapat mengubah perilakunya dari tadi masa bodoh berubah untuk ikut mengelola permasalahan sampah. Permasalahan sampah tidak hanya tanggung jawab pemerintah dan tetapi menuntut partisipasi masyarakat seluas-luasnya untuk juga mencari solusi dalam mengelola sampah dari sumber masalah menjadi sesuatu yang lebih bermanfaat baik secara ekonomis maupun lingkungan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif.. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Bank Sampah Melati Bersih di Kota Tangerang Selatan.  Populasi penelitian ini adalah anggota Bank Sampah Melati Bersih di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Sampel penelitian adalah 30 warga yang mengelola sampah di perumahan. Pengolahan data dengan menggunakan analisis uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitiannya: (1) karakteristik individu berhubungan nyata dengan perubahan perilaku dalam pengelolaan sampah di lingkungan perumahan. (2) peran pendamping dari Bank Sampah Melati Bersih berhubungan nyata dengan perubahan perilaku dalam pengelolaan sampah di lingkungan perumahan.]

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document