scholarly journals P074: Impact of wearing a helmet on the risk of hospitalization after a sport injury

CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S103-S103
Author(s):  
N. Le Sage ◽  
M. Prévost ◽  
B. Batomen Kuimi ◽  
A. Gagnon ◽  
V. Bergeron-Larose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Downhill Skiing ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Injury Reporting ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Six Canadian provinces recently made bicycle helmet mandatory and subsequent data concerning hospitalization rates after head injuries in cyclists were controversial. Furthermore, there remains an important proportion of participants who don’t wear a helmet in sporting activity. We thus wanted to estimate the impact of helmet use in sport injuries on the risk of hospitalization. Methods: Study participants were patients of all age presenting at the emergency department of the Hôpital de l’Enfant-Jésus du CHU de Québec for a trauma that occurred in a sport in which it’s possible to wear a helmet. Data were collected from information provided by the patient and from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program’ (CHIRPP) database. Descriptive and multivariate analyses have been carried out using these data. We performed binomial logistic regression analyzes to estimate the risk adjusted for potentially confounding variables: age, sex and number of injuries. Results: Most patients included in the study (n=169) were males (69.8%) aged between 10 and 30 years (50.3%). Sports most frequently involved in trauma were cycling (31.4%), downhill skiing (18.3%), snowboarding (14.8%), hockey (11.8%), and skateboarding (5.9%). Overall, 70.4% of patients were wearing a helmet at the time of injury. Helmet use in sports was associated with a reduction of 52% of the risk of hospitalization (RR: 0.48 [CI: 95%: 0.25-0.93]) after a trauma. In addition, patients not wearing a helmet had higher proportions of intracranial hemorrhage (10% vs. 1.7%) and skull fracture (8% vs 2.5%). Conclusion: Results suggest that helmet use decreases the risk of hospitalization for trauma sustained in sports in which it’s possible to wear a helmet.

Bicycle helmet use to reduce the impact of head injuries in ladder users

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1026-1029
Author(s):  
Leigh R. Warren ◽  
Simon Harley ◽  
Jeffrey Dutschke ◽  
Andrew van den Berg ◽  
Christopher Dobbins
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Bicycle Helmet ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Medical Cost and Motorcycle Helmet Law in Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chin-Shyan Chen ◽  
Tsai-Ching Liu
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Motorcycle Helmet ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to examine whether the implementation of the helmet law had reduced the likelihood of head injury and the associated medical cost in Taiwan. Data were taken from the 1996 and 1998 population-based data. In total, 888,179 and 921,058 effective samples were used in the study from the two years. Two different types of regression model were adopted to evaluate the impact of the motorcycle helmet use law on incidences of head injury and associated medical cost and hospital length of stay. The results reveal that medical cost is down by 11.5 percent and hospital LOS has fallen by 18.58 percent. Thus, with the introduction of the motorcycle helmet use law having had a demonstrably positive influence on motorcycle head injuries and fatalities, significant savings are clearly being achieved, not only in terms of economic and social costs, but also with regard to medical cost.

scholarly journals The impact of helmet use on neurosurgical care and outcomes after pediatric all-terrain vehicle and dirt bike crashes: a 10-year single-center experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jackson H. Allen ◽  
Aaron M. Yengo-Kahn ◽  
Kelly L. Vittetoe ◽  
Amber Greeno ◽  
Muhammad Owais Abdul Ghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Pediatric Trauma ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Intracranial Injury ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE All-terrain vehicle (ATV) and dirt bike crashes frequently result in traumatic brain injury. The authors performed a retrospective study to evaluate the role of helmets in the neurosurgical outcomes of pediatric patients involved in ATV and dirt bike crashes who were treated at their institution during the last decade. METHODS The authors analyzed data on all pediatric patients involved in ATV or dirt bike crashes who were evaluated at a single regional level I pediatric trauma center between 2010 and 2019. Patients were excluded if the crash occurred in a competition (n = 70) or if helmet status could not be determined (n = 18). Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association of helmet status with the primary outcomes of 1) neurosurgical consultation, 2) intracranial injury (including skull fracture), and 3) moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (MSTBI) and to control for literature-based, potentially confounding variables. RESULTS In total, 680 patients were included (230 [34%] helmeted patients and 450 [66%] unhelmeted patients). Helmeted patients were more frequently male (81% vs 66%). Drivers were more frequently helmeted (44.3%) than passengers (10.5%, p < 0.001). Head imaging was performed to evaluate 70.9% of unhelmeted patients and 48.3% of helmeted patients (p < 0.001). MSTBI (8.0% vs 1.7%, p = 0.001) and neurosurgical consultation (26.2% vs 9.1%, p < 0.001) were more frequent among unhelmeted patients. Neurosurgical injuries, including intracranial hemorrhage (16% vs 4%, p < 0.001) and skull fracture (18% vs 4%, p < 0.001), were more common in unhelmeted patients. Neurosurgical procedures were required by 2.7% of unhelmeted patients. One helmeted patient (0.4%) required placement of an intracranial pressure monitor, and no other helmeted patients required neurosurgical procedures. After adjustment for age, sex, driver status, vehicle type, and injury mechanism, helmet use significantly reduced the odds of neurosurgical consultation (OR 0.250, 95% CI 0.140–0.447, p < 0.001), intracranial injury (OR 0.172, 95% CI 0.087–0.337, p < 0.001), and MSTBI (OR 0.244, 95% CI 0.079–0.758, p = 0.015). The unadjusted absolute risk reduction provided by helmet use equated to a number-needed-to-helmet of 6 riders to prevent 1 neurosurgical consultation, 4 riders to prevent 1 intracranial injury, and 16 riders to prevent 1 MSTBI. CONCLUSIONS Helmet use remains problematically low among young ATV and dirt bike riders, especially passengers. Expanding helmet use among these children could significantly reduce the rates of intracranial injury and MSTBI, as well as the subsequent need for neurosurgical procedures. Promoting helmet use among recreational ATV and dirt bike riders must remain a priority for neurosurgeons, public health officials, and injury prevention professionals.

scholarly journals Injuries and helmet use related to non-motorized wheeled activities among pediatric patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Lindsay ◽  
M Brussoni
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
Injury Reporting ◽  
Helmet Laws ◽  
Injured Patients

Introduction Patients presenting to emergency departments (ED) for injuries resulting from recreational activities represent a unique source of information on important directions for injury prevention efforts. We describe the epidemiology of non-motorized wheeled activity-related injury in pediatric patients presenting to Canadian EDs as well as patients' helmet use. Methods Data for the years 2004 to 2009 were abstracted from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP), a national ED injury surveillance program in fifteen hospitals. Results Most of the 28 618 children aged 1 to 16 years injured during non-motorized wheeled activities were injured while cycling, followed by skateboarding. Most injuries occurred among boys. Children injured on scooters tended to be younger whereas skateboarders were the oldest. On average, the number of all injuries decreased by 6% over the time period. Falls were the most common mechanism of injury; 8.3% of patients had head injuries, which were seen more often among cyclists than other wheeled-activity users. Helmet use was greatest among cyclists (62.2%) and lowest among skateboarders (32.9%). Injured patients presenting to EDs in jurisdictions with legislation mandating helmet use had 2.12 greater odds of helmet use and 0.86 lesser odds of head injury compared with those presenting in jurisdictions without helmet laws. Conclusion These results provide further evidence that legislation mandating helmet use may be an effective way of reducing injury among all wheeled-activity users. The small number of patients who presented with helmet use and protective gear (59.4% overall) suggests that this remains an area for intervention.

scholarly journals The impact of helmet use on oral and maxillofacial injuries associated with electric-powered bikes or powered scooter: a retrospective cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafit Hamzani ◽  
Dror Bar Hai ◽  
Nir Cohen ◽  
Michael J. Drescher ◽  
Gavriel Chaushu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Electric bikes (E-bikes) and powered scooters (P-scooters) have become increasingly popular modes of public transportation, but they have been associated with injuries of all kinds, including dental trauma. Helmet use is promoted as a means of reducing injuries in accidents involving motorized and unmotorized vehicles. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of helmet use on the number and severity of oral and maxillofacial injuries caused by E-bikes and P-scooters. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used. The cohort included all patients referred to the emergency department of a tertiary medical center in 2014–2020 with oral and maxillofacial injuries involving E-bikes or P-scooters. Data were collected from the medical files on demographics, types of injuries, circumstances of occurrence, work-up, treatment, and outcome. Use of a helmet was recorded in each case. Results Of the total 1417 patients referred to the emergency department for E-bike and P-scooter-related trauma, 62 had oral and maxillofacial injuries, including 57 riders and 5 pedestrians. All had hard- or soft-tissue injuries; 20 (32.2%) had head injuries and 22 (35.5%) had dentoalveolar injuries. Eleven riders had worn a helmet at the time of injury (17.7%). Helmet use was associated with time of injury (weekday/weekend, daytime/night-time), type of motorized vehicle (E-bike or P-scooter), head injury, and number of bone fractures. Head injuries occurred more often on the weekend (57.9%) than during the week (20.9%) and were more likely to occur in riders who were not protected by a helmet (37.3% vs 18.2%). Patients who used helmets also had a lower rate of fractured bones (18.2%) and dentoalveolar injuries (23.7%) than patients who did not (68.8 and 37.3%, respectively). Interestingly, helmet use had no protective effect on soft-tissue injuries. Conclusions Helmet use by E-bike and P-scooter riders decreased the probability of head injury and of hard tissue and dentoalveolar injuries. These results may provide guidance for effective legislation and regulation of helmet use and improved treatment protocols for general and dental physicians.

Pediatric Equestrian Injuries: Assessing The Impact of Helmet Use

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-489
Author(s):  
G. Randall Bond ◽  
Richard A. Christoph ◽  
Bradley M. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
University Of Virginia ◽  
Severity Scale ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To assess the impact of helmet use on the pattern, and severity of pediatric equestrian injuries. Design. A prospective observational study of all children less than 15 years of age who were brought to the University of Virginia children's Emergency Department with horse-related injuries. Results. During the two-year period of the study, 32 children were evaluated. Two children were injured when a horse stepped on them. Thirty children fell from or were thrown from a horse. Of these, 20 were wearing a helmet. Head injuries were more frequent in those patients not wearing helmets. The mean Modified Injury Severity Scale (MISS) score for riders without a helmet (12.9) was significantly higher (more severe) than that for helmeted riders (2.8). All three patients with a Glascow Coma Score &lt;15 on arrival were not wearing a helmet at the time of injury. The frequency of hospitalization was significantly higher for those not wearing a helmet. Compared with other common mechanisms of childhood injury the mean Modified Injury Severity Scale score of injured riders was exceeded only by that of pedestrians struck by a car. Conclusion. Equestrian injuries are more severe than those suffered from other common pediatric mechanisms. Helmet use is associated with decreased frequency and severity of central nervous system injury.

scholarly journals The Impact of Michigan’s Partial Repeal of the Universal Motorcycle Helmet Law on Helmet Use, Fatalities, and Head Injuries

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Carter ◽  
Lisa Buckley ◽  
Carol A. C. Flannagan ◽  
Jessica B. Cicchino ◽  
Mark Hemmila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Motorcycle Helmet ◽  
The Impact

Hospitalization rates associated with hepatitis B and HIV co-infection, age and sex in a population-based cohort of people diagnosed with hepatitis C

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 1151-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. GIDDING ◽  
J. AMIN ◽  
G. J. DORE ◽  
M. G. LAW
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Infection Age ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYTo determine the extent age, sex and co-infection affect morbidity in people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), we performed a population-based study linking HCV notifications in New South Wales, Australia with their hospital (July 2000 to June 2006), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV notification, and death records. Poisson models were used to calculate hospitalization rate ratios (RRs) for all-cause, illicit drug and liver-related admissions. Co-infection RRs were used to estimate attributable risk (AR). The 86 501 people notified with HCV contributed 422 761 person-years of observation; 0·8% had HIV, 3·7% HBV, and 0·04% had both. RRs for males were equal to or lower than for females in younger ages, but higher in older ages (Pfor interaction ⩽0·013). HBV/HIV co-infection resulted in ARs of over 70% for liver disease and 30–60% otherwise. However, at the cohort level the impact was minimal (population ARs 1·3–8·7%). Our findings highlight the importance and success of public health measures, such as needle and syringe exchange programmes, which have helped to minimize the prevalence of co-infection in Australia. The findings also suggest that the age of study participants needs to be considered whenever the burden of HCV-related morbidity is reported by sex. The results are likely to be representative of patterns in hospital-related morbidity for the entire HCV-infected population in Australia and the ARs generalizable to other developed countries.

scholarly journals Adoption of municipal bylaw legislating mandatory helmet use for cyclists under the age of 18: impact on cycling and helmet use

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Aurélie Maurice ◽  
Michel Lavoie ◽  
Denis Hamel ◽  
Mylène Riva
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Bicycle Helmet ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Control Regions

Introduction Bicycle helmet use is recognized as an effective way to prevent head injuries in cyclists. A number of countries have introduced legislation to make helmets mandatory, but many object to this type of measure for fear that it could discourage people, particularly teenagers, from cycling. In 2011, the City of Sherbrooke adopted a bylaw requiring minors to wear a bicycle helmet. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of this bylaw on cycling and bicycle helmet use. Methods The impact of the bylaw was measured by comparing the evolution of bicycle helmet use among youth aged 12 to 17 years in the Sherbrooke area (n = 248) and in three control regions (n = 767), through the use of logistic regression analyses. Results Cycling rates remained stable in the Sherbrooke area (going from 49.9% to 53.8%) but decreased in the control regions (going from 59.1% to 46.3%). This difference in evolution shows that cycling rates increased in the Sherbrooke area after the adoption of the bylaw, compared to the control regions (odds ratio [OR] of the interaction term: 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–5.35). With respect to helmet use, a non–statistically significant upward trend was observed in the Sherbrooke area (going from 43.5% to 60.6%). This figure remained stable in the control regions (going from 41.5% to 41.9%). No significant difference was observed in the evolution of helmet use between the two groups (OR of the interaction term of 2.70; 95% CI: 0.67–10.83). Conclusion After the bylaw was adopted, bicycle use among youth aged 12 to 17 years in the Sherbrooke area remained stable and helmet used increased, though not significantly.

The Stereotype Threat Effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Insa Happach ◽  
Karla Spirandelli ◽  
Tania M. Lincoln ◽  
Fabrice Berna
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Threat Effect ◽  
Efficacy Expectations ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Neurocognitive deficits in patients with mental disorders are partially due to secondary influences. “Stereotype threat” denotes the phenomenon that performance is compromised when a participant is confronted with a devaluing stereotype. The present study examined the impact of stereotype threat on neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia. Seventy-seven participants with a self-reported diagnosis of schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either an experimental condition involving stereotype threat activation or a control condition in an online study. Participants completed memory and attention tests as well as questionnaires on motivation, self-efficacy expectations, cognitive complaints, and self-stigmatization. Contrary to our prediction, the two groups showed no significant differences regarding neuropsychological performance and self-report measures. Limitations, such as a possibly too weak threat cue, are discussed and recommendations for future studies are outlined.

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