scholarly journals Adoption of municipal bylaw legislating mandatory helmet use for cyclists under the age of 18: impact on cycling and helmet use

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Aurélie Maurice ◽  
Michel Lavoie ◽  
Denis Hamel ◽  
Mylène Riva
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Bicycle Helmet ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Control Regions

Introduction Bicycle helmet use is recognized as an effective way to prevent head injuries in cyclists. A number of countries have introduced legislation to make helmets mandatory, but many object to this type of measure for fear that it could discourage people, particularly teenagers, from cycling. In 2011, the City of Sherbrooke adopted a bylaw requiring minors to wear a bicycle helmet. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of this bylaw on cycling and bicycle helmet use. Methods The impact of the bylaw was measured by comparing the evolution of bicycle helmet use among youth aged 12 to 17 years in the Sherbrooke area (n = 248) and in three control regions (n = 767), through the use of logistic regression analyses. Results Cycling rates remained stable in the Sherbrooke area (going from 49.9% to 53.8%) but decreased in the control regions (going from 59.1% to 46.3%). This difference in evolution shows that cycling rates increased in the Sherbrooke area after the adoption of the bylaw, compared to the control regions (odds ratio [OR] of the interaction term: 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–5.35). With respect to helmet use, a non–statistically significant upward trend was observed in the Sherbrooke area (going from 43.5% to 60.6%). This figure remained stable in the control regions (going from 41.5% to 41.9%). No significant difference was observed in the evolution of helmet use between the two groups (OR of the interaction term of 2.70; 95% CI: 0.67–10.83). Conclusion After the bylaw was adopted, bicycle use among youth aged 12 to 17 years in the Sherbrooke area remained stable and helmet used increased, though not significantly.

Bicycle helmet use to reduce the impact of head injuries in ladder users

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1026-1029
Author(s):  
Leigh R. Warren ◽  
Simon Harley ◽  
Jeffrey Dutschke ◽  
Andrew van den Berg ◽  
Christopher Dobbins
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Bicycle Helmet ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
The Impact

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Bicycle Helmet Subsidies in a Defined Population

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 902-907
Author(s):  
Robert S. Thompson ◽  
Diane C. Thompson ◽  
Frederick P. Rivara ◽  
Angela A. Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Bicycle Helmet ◽  
Discount Rates ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Bicycle Safety ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis

Objective. To examine the potential effects of bicycle safety helmet cost subsidy on bicycle head injury rates and costs. Design. Using empiric data on the incidence and costs of bicycle injuries to children, we examined the hypothetical effects of various bicycle helmet subsidies in a cost-effectiveness analysis. A hypothetical cohort of 100 000 5- through 9-year-olds was followed for 5 years after helmet cost subsidization. Sensitivity analyses were done of three different levels of safety helmet subsidy ($5, $10, $15), three discount rates (2%, 4%, 6%), 10 levels of safety helmet use ranging from 10% to 100%, and the occurrence or nonoccurrence of catastrophic head injuries. Patients. Forty-three children 5 through 9 years of age and 27 children 10 through 14 years of age with head injuries due to bicycling were identified through emergency department surveillance of a population of 29 533. Setting. Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, a large health maintenance organization. Outcome measures. Bicycle head injuries prevented and the savings or costs associated with various subsidy, safety helmet use, and discount rates. Results. Hypothetically, an increase in bicycle helmet use rates to 40% to 50% due to subsidies of $5 or $10 prevents 564 to 840 head injuries in a cohort of 100 000 5- through 9-year-olds over 5 years. Under these conditions and a 2% discount rate, cost savings ranging from $189 207 to $427 808 will result when catastrophic head injuries are included in the analysis. Conclusion. Subsidization of bicycle safety helmets to achieve a cost of $14 to $20 per helmet and use rates of 40% to 50% will likely prove cost-effective. Empirical evidence from a Seattle campaign suggests that such helmet use rates are achievable.

Evaluation of a Promotional Strategy to Increase Bicycle Helmet Use by Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-777
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Parkin ◽  
Laura J. Spence ◽  
Xiaohan Hu ◽  
Katherine E. Kranz ◽  
Linda G. Shortt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Control Area ◽  
High Income ◽  
Bicycle Helmet ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
Promotional Strategy ◽  
Intervention Area ◽  
Low Income Families

Bicycle-related head injuries are an important cause of death and disability, despite the availability of helmets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based bicycle helmet promotion program in increasing helmet use by children while controlling for secular trends. Two high-income and two low-income schools in an urban Canadian community were selected to receive a bicycle helmet promotion intervention, with the remaining 18 schools serving as controls. Approximately 1800 observations of bicycling children were made at randomly selected observational sites 2 to 5 months after the intervention to assess changes in behavior. Helmet use at all observation sites tripled from 3.4% (1990, preintervention) to 16% (1991, postintervention). In the high-income intervention area, observed helmet use rose dramatically from 4% to 36% in contrast to the more modest increase in the high-income control area from 4% to 15%. In the low-income intervention area, there was a modest increase from 1% to 7%, but it did not differ from the increase in the low-income control area from 3% to 13%. The program was highly successful in children of high-income families but not in children of low-income families. Developing strategies for low-income families remains a priority.

Why I Have Difficulty Being Enthusiastic About Recommending That Children Wear Helmets on Bicycles

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-488
Author(s):  
ALLEN R. CIASTKO
Keyword(s):  
Head Injuries ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
Bicycle Helmet ◽  
Helmet Use

To the Editor.— Dr Weiss in his study of bicycle helmet use in Pediatrics (1986;77:677-679) makes a plea to pediatricians and family physicians to advocate bicycle helmet use based on the frequency and severity of head injuries reported in other studies of bicycle accidents. Unfortunately, most studies quoted either reviewed bicycle injuries in isolation from other types of injury or were national death report statistics which represent only the tip of the iceberg (ignoring relative morbidity statistics).

The Perception of Managers on the Impacts of the Internet in Brazilian Hotels

2003 ◽  
pp. 244-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz A.M.M. Filho ◽  
Anatália S.M. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The present study has an exploratory nature and aims to analyze the perception of managers on the efficiency, access importance, use as a communication tool, benefits and difficulties of Internet use in Brazilian hotels and also its effects according to the facilities rank and property size plus managers’ age and experience time. It has been used as a questionnaire to collect data from the managers of 35 hotels in the city of Natal, RN, Brazil. By using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test, results showed that there is almost no significant difference on the perception of managers on the impact of Internet use in hotels. However, those variables that were different show that for younger and less experienced managers and luxurious hotels with more than 50 rooms, there is a more favorable perception on the impacts of the Internet.

Impact on personal growth and environment conservation self-perception in a volunteering program with adults with severe mental illness (SMI)

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s280-s281
Author(s):  
D. Cabezas Sánchez ◽  
A. Ramírez Macías ◽  
J. Sáiz Galdós
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Introduction“Viaje del Parnaso” is a volunteering project developed at the Day Center Aranjuez2 (CD2) for helping adults with SMI to get a satisfactory and responsible occupation through their implication in a volunteering work in the community, while involved in the maintenance of a green area in the city of Aranjuez.Objectives/aimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the project on the volunteers’ lives in terms of personal growth and environment conservation and compare its results with non-volunteers also attended at the CD2.MethodsThe project was carried once a week during 45 weeks. 11 volunteers participated on the project, plus 5 non-volunteers were considered as cuasi-control group. The instruments applied were an item on “environment conservation” and 2 subscale items of “Personal Growth” from the Ryff Scales of psychological well-being. Measures were applied at baseline, 6 and 12 months after.ResultsSignificant differences were found on the environment conservation item between volunteers at baseline and 6 months after (P < 0.05). Results also revealed a significant difference (P < 0.05) between volunteers and non-volunteers at both variables (“environment conservation” and “Personal Growth”) in baseline and 6 months after treatment.ConclusionsThe data from this study suggest that a volunteering program seems to be an effective intervention for bringing about improvements in well-being of people with SMI, and also for increasing their environmental awareness. These improvements may also help to change the stigma of SMI reinforcing mental health patient's contributions to society.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Emergency physicians as human billboards for injury prevention: a randomized controlled trial

CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Sullivan ◽  
Daniel Fuller ◽  
Quinten S. Paterson ◽  
Shelby Huffman ◽  
Satyadeva Challa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Bicycle Helmet ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
One Year ◽  
Prevention Counselling ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a novel injury prevention intervention designed to prompt patients to initiate an injury prevention discussion with the ED physician, thus enabling injury prevention counselling and increasing bicycle helmet use among patients. Methods A repeated measures 2 x 3 randomized controlled trial design was used. Fourteen emergency physicians were observed for two shifts each between June and August 2013. Each pair of shifts was randomized to either an injury prevention shift, during which the emergency physician would wear a customized scrub top, or a control shift. The outcomes of interest were physician time spent discussing injury prevention, current helmet use, and self-reported change in helmet use rates at one year. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the impact of the intervention. Results The average time spent on injury prevention for all patients was 3.3 seconds. For those patients who actually received counselling, the average time spent was 17.0 seconds. The scrub top intervention did not significantly change helmet use rates at one year. The intervention also had no significant impact on patient decisions to change or reinforcement of helmet use. Conclusions Our study showed that the intervention did not increase physician injury prevention counselling or self-reported bicycle helmet use rates among patients. Given the study limitations, replication and extension of the intervention is warranted.

Bicycle Helmet Law for Children: A Case Study of Activism in Injury Control

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1248-1250
Author(s):  
Peter C. Scheidt ◽  
Modena H. Wilson ◽  
Melvin S. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Bicycle Helmet ◽  
Helmet Use ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Community Activists ◽  
Injury Control

In 1990, the first regulation requiring the use of helmets for bicyclists younger than 16 years of age was passed in Howard County, Maryland. This unexpected injury control measure resulted from the convergence of multiple factors and efforts: the bicycle-related deaths of two children from the same middle school, creative students and teachers motivated by these deaths, a responsive legislator to introduce the legislation, available surveillance and research statistics supporting the need and efficacy for helmet use, increased national awareness of the importance of helmet use to prevent bicycle-related head injuries, and organized national and local public health groups to support the legislation. This case study of activism in injury control illustrates the importance of supporting research, of well-organized public health coalitions and groups, and of creative community activists motivated by local circumstances.

Parasuicide and unemployment among men in Edinburgh 1968–82

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Platt ◽  
N. Kreitman
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Ecological Association ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

SynopsisThe ecological association between unemployment and parasuicide rates among males in Edinburgh over the period 1968–82 was positive and highly significant (r = 0·77). Similarly, the two rates were found to be correlated across the city wards in 1971 (r = 0·76) and even more strongly in 1981 (r = 0·95). Throughout the period the parasuicide rate among the unemployed was nearly always more than 10 times higher than that among the employed. The long-term unemployed were at much higher risk than those out of work for lesser periods, although the impact of recent job loss was marked. Population attributable risk has shown a tendency to rise in line with the upward trend in the unemployment rate, despite the decline in relative risk over the period. The findings were considered consistent with the view that unemployment increases the parasuicide rate.

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