scholarly journals Dietary fibre, nuts and cardiovascular diseases

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (S2) ◽  
pp. S45-S51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
Mónica Bulló ◽  
Ana Pérez-Heras ◽  
Emilio Ros
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Edible Seeds ◽  
Vegetable Foods

Dietary fibre has a range of metabolic health benefits. Through a variety of mechanisms, dietary fibre, and the viscous variety in particular, slows down gastric emptying and intestinal transit, decreases the rate of intestinal carbohydrate absorption, and increases faecal bile acid excretion. Therefore, consumption of some types of soluble fibre can enhance satiety, which is associated with a lower BMI, and reduce blood cholesterol and the postprandial glucose response. Surprisingly, the consumption of insoluble fibre from whole grains, though metabolically inert, has been associated with a reduction in the risk of developing coronary heart disease and diabetes in epidemiological studies. The likely reason is that whole grains, like nuts, legumes and other edible seeds, contain many bioactive phytochemicals and various antioxidants. After cereals, nuts are the vegetable foods that are richest in fibre, which may partly explain their benefit on the lipid profile and cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Whole grains and human health

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Slavin
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Epidemiological studies find that whole-grain intake is protective against cancer, CVD, diabetes, and obesity. Despite recommendations to consume three servings of whole grains daily, usual intake in Western countries is only about one serving/d. Whole grains are rich in nutrients and phytochemicals with known health benefits. Whole grains have high concentrations of dietary fibre, resistant starch, and oligosaccharides. Whole grains are rich in antioxidants including trace minerals and phenolic compounds and these compounds have been linked to disease prevention. Other protective compounds in whole grains include phytate, phyto-oestrogens such as lignan, plant stanols and sterols, and vitamins and minerals. Published whole-grain feeding studies report improvements in biomarkers with whole-grain consumption, such as weight loss, blood-lipid improvement, and antioxidant protection. Although it is difficult to separate the protective properties of whole grains from dietary fibre and other components, the disease protection seen from whole grains in prospective epidemiological studies far exceeds the protection from isolated nutrients and phytochemicals in whole grains.

scholarly journals Fibre Intake Is Associated with Cardiovascular Health in European Children

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Susana Larrosa ◽  
Veronica Luque ◽  
Veit Grote ◽  
Ricardo Closa-Monasterolo ◽  
Natalia Ferré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Fibre Intake ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Background: We aimed at analysing the association between dietary fibre intake during childhood and cardiovascular health markers. Methods: We used observational longitudinal analysis and recorded diet using 3-day diaries at the ages of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 years in children from the EU Childhood Obesity Project Trial. At the age of 8, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and biochemical analyses (lipoproteins, triglycerides and homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) were evaluated. Those parameters were combined into a cardiometabolic risk score through the sum of their internal z-scores. Results: Four-hundred children (51.8% girls) attended to the 8-year visit with a 3-day diary. Adjusted linear regression models showed that children who repeatedly stayed in the lowest tertile of fibre intake during childhood had higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.004), higher cardiometabolic risk score (p = 0.02) and a nonsignificant trend toward a higher SBP at 8 years. The higher the dietary intake of soluble fibre (from fruits and vegetables) at 8 years, the lower the HOMA-IR and the cardiometabolic risk score (p = 0.002; p = 0.004). SBP was directly associated with fibre from potatoes and inversely with fibre from nuts and pulses. Conclusion: A diet rich in dietary fibre from fruits, vegetables, pulses and nuts from early childhood was associated to a healthier cardiovascular profile, regardless of children’s weight.

scholarly journals Cereal B-Glucans: The Impact of Processing and How It Affects Physiological Responses

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Henrion ◽  
Célia Francey ◽  
Kim-Anne Lê ◽  
Lisa Lamothe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

Cereal β-glucans are dietary fibres primarily found in oats and barley, and have several positive effects on health, including lowering the postprandial glucose response and the improvement of blood cholesterol levels. Cereal β-glucans have a specific combination of β-(1→4) and β-(1→3) linkages into linear long-chain polysaccharides of high molecular weight. Due to their particular structure, cereal β-glucans generate viscosity within the intestinal tract, which is thought to be the main mechanism of action responsible for their positive health effects. However, cereal grains are rarely consumed raw; at least one cooking step is generally required before they can be safely eaten. Cooking and processing methods more generally will modify the physicochemical characteristics of β-glucans, such as molecular weight, extractability and the resulting viscosity. Therefore, the health impact of β-glucans will depend not only on the dose administered, but also on the ways they are processed or converted into food products. This review aims at summarizing the different parameters that can affect β-glucans efficacy to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in humans.

scholarly journals Rye, lignans and human health

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Hallmans ◽  
Jie-Xian Zhang ◽  
Eva Lundin ◽  
PäR Stattin ◽  
Anders Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Plant Lignans

Rye bran contains a high content not only of dietary fibre, but also of plant lignans and other bioactive compounds in the so-called dietary fibre complex. Blood concentrations of lignans such as enterolactone have been used as biomarkers of intake of lignan-rich plant food. At present, evidence from studies in human subjects does not warrant the conclusion that rye, whole grains or phyto-oestrogens protect against cancer. Some studies, however, have pointed in that direction, especially in relation to cancers of the upper digestive tract. A number of prospective epidemiological studies have clearly shown a protective effect of whole-grain cereals against myocardial infarctions. A corresponding protective effect against diabetes and ischaemic stroke (brain infarct) has also been demonstrated. It seems reasonable to assume that these protective effects are associated with one or more factors in the dietary fibre complex.

scholarly journals Starch and fibre intake and glucose postprandial response of dogs

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Monti ◽  
Guilherme Roberto Palumbo ◽  
Mariana Vieira de Paula Pinto ◽  
Thaila Cristina Putarov ◽  
Bruna Agy Loureiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Fibre Intake ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Insoluble Fibre ◽  
Main Factor

ABSTRACT: Fibre has been studied to reduce the postprandial glucose response of dogs, but the results are inconsistent. Starch intake, however, was not properly considered in the published studies. The effects of starch and fibre intake on the postprandial glucose response were studied in non-obese adult dogs. Cellulose (CEL), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), pea fibre (PE) and sugarcane fibre (SCF) were combined to form six diets with starch contents ranging from 33% to 42%: SCF+CEL and PE+CEL diets, both with high insoluble fibre (IF=22%) and low soluble fibre (SF=2.5%) content; SCF+CMC and PE+CMC diets with high SF (SF=4.5%; IF=19%) content; and CMC and CEL diets with low dietary fibre (14%) content. The diets were fed in two amounts, providing an intake of 9.5g or 12.5g of starch (kg0.75)-1 day-1, totaling 12 treatments. Each diet was fed to six dogs conditioned to consume all of the daily food in 10min. Their plasma glucose levels were measured before and during 480min after food intake. Results of fibre and starch intake and their interactions were compared by repeated measures ANOVA and the Tukey test (P<0.05). Fibre intake did not change the glucose postprandial responses (P>0.05). High-dose starch intake, however, induced a higher glycaemia at 180 and 240min after the meal and a greater maximal glycaemia and greater area under the glucose curve (P<0.05). A range in insoluble and soluble fibre intake does not change postprandial glucose response, and the amount of starch intake is a main factor for the postprandial glucose response of healthy non-obese dogs.

scholarly journals Combined effect of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) and β-glucan on glycaemic response and food intake in male rats

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2003-2010
Author(s):  
N.A. A Aziz ◽  
A.M. Mhd Jalil ◽  
S. Roslan
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Food Components

Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) is notorious for its stench. However, durian has a smooth texture and creamy taste, and is rich in macronutrients, bioactive compounds, and volatile compounds. These qualities could be useful in combination with other food components such as β-glucan. β-Glucan is a type of soluble fibre that has been approved by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for beneficially reducing the postprandial glucose response. The aims of this study were to determine the total polyphenol content in durian and to determine the combined effects of durian and β-glucan on glycaemic response and food intake in rats. The total polyphenols content in the durians (variety D24) was 131.40 (22.20) mg GAE/100 g fresh weight. Durian significantly reduced (p < 0.05) postprandial glucose responses at 15, 30, 60, and 120 mins compared with control. A combination of durian and β-glucan significantly (p < 0.05) reduced glucose responses at 30, 60 and 90 mins compared with control. A combination of durian and β-glucan significantly (p < 0.05) reduced glucose responses at 120 mins compared with control and β-glucan. Food intake of the durian + β-glucan group was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the control, durian and β-glucan groups. This study suggests that a combination of durian and β-glucan potentially reduces glycaemic response and food intake but this needs to be tested in humans.

Cholesterol-lowering properties of oat β-glucan and the promotion of cardiovascular health: did Health Canada make the right call?

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeanyi D. Nwachukwu ◽  
Jessay G. Devassy ◽  
Rotimi E. Aluko ◽  
Peter J.H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
New Research ◽  
Health Canada

In 2010, Health Canada approved a heath claim acknowledging the link between increased oats (Avena sativa)-soluble fibre consumption and a reduction in total serum cholesterol levels. The approval also recognized the relationship between decreased total blood cholesterol concentration and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. The functional food ingredient believed to be responsible for the hypocholesterolemic property of oats is β-glucan, a highly viscous, soluble fibre composed of d-glucose monomers linked by a combination of β-(1→4) and β-(1→3) glycosidic bonds. Found mainly in the endosperm cell wall of oats, β-glucan is thought to reduce total serum and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by forming a viscous mass in the small intestine thus limiting intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol as well as the re-absorption of bile acids. Given the evolution of research information with time as a result of the continual, rapid generation of new research data by laboratories around the world, it became imperative to examine the compatibility of the conclusion reached by Health Canada on the basis of the body of evidence contained in the initial petition submitted in January 2007, with newer post-2006 data. After careful evaluation, this work concludes on the basis of new research information that a dose of 3 g/day oat β-glucan consumed as part of a diet “free of saturated fatty acids” or “low in saturated fatty acids” could help to promote cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals The associations between whole grain and refined grain intakes and serum C-reactive protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka E. Taskinen ◽  
Sari Hantunen ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Jyrki K. Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract Background/objectives Epidemiological studies suggest that whole grain intake has inverse associations with low-grade inflammation, but findings regarding refined grains are inconclusive. Our objective was to investigate whether consumption of whole or refined grains is associated with serum high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP). Subjects/methods The study included 756 generally healthy men and women aged 53–73 years from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factory Study, examined in 1999–2001. Dietary intakes were assessed using 4-day food records. ANCOVA and linear regression were used for analyses. Results The mean intake of whole and refined grains was 136 g/day (SD 80) and 84 g/day (SD 46), respectively. Higher whole grain intake was associated with lower hs-CRP concentration and higher refined grain intake with higher concentration after adjustment for lifestyle and dietary factors. Each 50 g/d higher whole grain intake was associated with 0.12 mg/L (95% Cl 0.02–0.21 mg/L) lower hs-CRP concentration and each 50 g/d higher refined grain intake with 0.23 mg/L (95% Cl 0.08–0.38) higher concentration. Adjustment for fibre from grains attenuated the associations especially with whole grains. There were no statistically significant interactions according to gender or BMI (P for interactions >0.065). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that higher intake of whole grains is associated with lower concentrations of hs-CRP and higher intake of refined grains is associated with higher concentrations. However, especially the association with whole grain intake was attenuated after adjusting for fibre intake from grains, suggesting that cereal fibre may partly explain the association.

The clinical utility of the glycemic index and its application to mixed meals

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarie B. Hollenbeck ◽  
Ann M. Coulston
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Carbohydrate Intolerance ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

A classification of carbohydrate-containing foods based on their glycemic response to 50-g carbohydrate portions has recently been developed. The relative glycemic potency of many of these carbohydrate-containing foods have been compared, and these data have been published in the form of a glycemic index. It has been suggested that meals containing low glycemic index foods will result in a lower postprandial glucose response than meals with a higher glycemic index. However, whether or not these data will lead to a clinically useful reduction in postprandial hyperglycemia in individuals with carbohydrate intolerance remains controversial. In this review, we will try to delineate why we believe that the glycemic index, as currently developed, may be a specious issue. In addition, we will briefly discuss a number of factors that may explain the apparent discrepancy in viewpoints on this issue.Key words: glycemic index, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, glycemic response, dietary carbohydrate.

Abstract MP49: Application Of A Novel Assessment Of County-level Cardiovascular Health Profile And Its Association With County-level Disease Rates

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil P Rowen ◽  
Daniel Kim ◽  
Hannah P Rayala ◽  
Andrew H Reiter ◽  
Wayne D Rosamond
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
County Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Level Hospital

Background: The AHA’s definition of cardiovascular health (CVH) is based on seven metrics known as Life’s Simple 7 (LS7): smoking, diet, obesity, physical inactivity, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Although used to evaluate CVH at the national and individual level, its use as a local county-level measure of CVH has not yet been studied. Our objective was to create a modification of LS7 using publicly available data to estimate county-level CVH and to determine its association with CVH outcomes in all 100 counties of North Carolina (NC). Methods and Results: Using data on all the LS7 metrics collected by the CDC, USDA, BRFSS, and Community Health Assessments, we created a Modified LS7 scoring system, calculated scores for all 100 counties in NC, and created a regression model that predicts county-level hospital discharge rates for diseases and disorders of the circulatory system (Figure 1). Modified LS7 scores ranged from 60.8 to 80.6 (median = 73.1, SD = 3.9). Hospital discharge rates per 100,000 population ranged from 753.4 to 2223.4 (median = 1345.6, SD = 328.7). We found a negative correlation (R-squared = 0.610) between Modified LS7 scores and county-level hospital discharge rates. Counties in the mountain and piedmont regions had significantly higher mean Modified LS7 scores (74.3, 95% CI: 73.5-75.2; 73.9, 95% CI: 72.8-75.0) and lower mean discharge rates (1167.1, 95% CI: 1074.7-1259.5; 1273.9, 95% CI: 1181.4-1366.2) than counties in the coastal plains region (70.7, 95% CI: 69.4-72.0; 1612.3, 95% CI: 1518.5-1706.1). Studentized residuals and leverage points were used to identify five low performing counties and two high performing counties of interest for further analyses. Conclusions: The coastal region of NC was found to have significantly higher CVH risk and poorer CVH outcomes compared to the piedmont and mountain regions. The Modified LS7 model provides a novel approach to examine county-level variation in CVH that had previously only been reported at the national, state or individual level.

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