scholarly journals Cereal B-Glucans: The Impact of Processing and How It Affects Physiological Responses

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Henrion ◽  
Célia Francey ◽  
Kim-Anne Lê ◽  
Lisa Lamothe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

Cereal β-glucans are dietary fibres primarily found in oats and barley, and have several positive effects on health, including lowering the postprandial glucose response and the improvement of blood cholesterol levels. Cereal β-glucans have a specific combination of β-(1→4) and β-(1→3) linkages into linear long-chain polysaccharides of high molecular weight. Due to their particular structure, cereal β-glucans generate viscosity within the intestinal tract, which is thought to be the main mechanism of action responsible for their positive health effects. However, cereal grains are rarely consumed raw; at least one cooking step is generally required before they can be safely eaten. Cooking and processing methods more generally will modify the physicochemical characteristics of β-glucans, such as molecular weight, extractability and the resulting viscosity. Therefore, the health impact of β-glucans will depend not only on the dose administered, but also on the ways they are processed or converted into food products. This review aims at summarizing the different parameters that can affect β-glucans efficacy to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in humans.

scholarly journals The Impact of Amino Acids on Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Kinetics in Humans: A Quantitative Overview

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3211
Author(s):  
Bart van Sloun ◽  
Gijs H. Goossens ◽  
Balazs Erdos ◽  
Michael Lenz ◽  
Natal van Riel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Insulin Kinetics ◽  
Glucose Intake ◽  
Acute Ingestion ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Participants

Different amino acids (AAs) may exert distinct effects on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. A quantitative comparison of the effects of AAs on glucose and insulin kinetics in humans is currently lacking. PubMed was queried to identify intervention studies reporting glucose and insulin concentrations after acute ingestion and/or intravenous infusion of AAs in healthy adults and those living with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The systematic literature search identified 55 studies that examined the effects of l-leucine, l-isoleucine, l-alanine, l-glutamine, l-arginine, l-lysine, glycine, l-proline, l-phenylalanine, l-glutamate, branched-chain AAs (i.e., l-leucine, l-isoleucine, and l-valine), and multiple individual l-AAs on glucose and insulin concentrations. Oral ingestion of most individual AAs induced an insulin response, but did not alter glucose concentrations in healthy participants. Specific AAs (i.e., leucine and isoleucine) co-ingested with glucose exerted a synergistic effect on the postprandial insulin response and attenuated the glucose response compared to glucose intake alone in healthy participants. Oral AA ingestion as well as intravenous AA infusion was able to stimulate an insulin response and decrease glucose concentrations in T2DM and obese individuals. The extracted information is publicly available and can serve multiple purposes such as computational modeling.

scholarly journals Dietary fibre, nuts and cardiovascular diseases

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (S2) ◽  
pp. S45-S51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
Mónica Bulló ◽  
Ana Pérez-Heras ◽  
Emilio Ros
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Edible Seeds ◽  
Vegetable Foods

Dietary fibre has a range of metabolic health benefits. Through a variety of mechanisms, dietary fibre, and the viscous variety in particular, slows down gastric emptying and intestinal transit, decreases the rate of intestinal carbohydrate absorption, and increases faecal bile acid excretion. Therefore, consumption of some types of soluble fibre can enhance satiety, which is associated with a lower BMI, and reduce blood cholesterol and the postprandial glucose response. Surprisingly, the consumption of insoluble fibre from whole grains, though metabolically inert, has been associated with a reduction in the risk of developing coronary heart disease and diabetes in epidemiological studies. The likely reason is that whole grains, like nuts, legumes and other edible seeds, contain many bioactive phytochemicals and various antioxidants. After cereals, nuts are the vegetable foods that are richest in fibre, which may partly explain their benefit on the lipid profile and cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Establishing an Anal Cancer Screening Program in an Outpatient HIV Clinic: Referral Patterns and Patient Perceptions Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 232595821989953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard A. Sowah ◽  
Sarah A. Schmalzle ◽  
Mariam Khambaty ◽  
Ulrike K. Buchwald
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Referral Patterns ◽  
Anal Lesions ◽  
Anal Cancer Screening ◽  
The Impact

People living with HIV are at high risk for anal cancer (AC); however, the impact of screening for and treatment of precancerous anal lesions on AC incidence remains uncertain. In 2013, we conducted a survey of HIV providers evaluating the perceived need for an institutional AC screening program. Based on an overwhelmingly positive response, we established a dedicated AC screening clinic (including provision of high-resolution anoscopies) embedded within the institutional HIV clinic. Here, we describe that referral of high-risk patients in the first 3 years was lower than expected. Referral patterns suggest that screening practices vary widely among HIV providers within the institution. Anal cancer clinic patients who completed a perception survey rated the value of AC screening as high, with perceived positive health impact, and identified their providers as the main source of information on AC and AC screening. Our findings imply remaining provider-related barriers to AC screening.

scholarly journals Mycoprotein: environmental impact and health aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro F. Souza Filho ◽  
Dan Andersson ◽  
Jorge A. Ferreira ◽  
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Meat Substitute ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Fungal Cultivation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The term mycoprotein refers to the protein-rich food made of filamentous fungal biomass that can be consumed as an alternative to meat. In this paper, the impact caused by the substitution of animal-origin meat in the human diet for mycoprotein on the health and the environment is reviewed. Presently, mycoprotein can be found in the supermarkets of developed countries in several forms (e.g. sausages and patties). Expansion to other markets depends on the reduction of the costs. Although scarce, the results of life cycle analyses of mycoprotein agree that this meat substitute causes an environmental impact similar to chicken and pork. In this context, the use of inexpensive agro-industrial residues as substrate for mycoprotein production has been investigated. This strategy is believed to reduce the costs involved in the fungal cultivation and lower the environmental impact of both the mycoprotein and the food industry. Moreover, several positive effects in health have been associated with the substitution of meat for mycoprotein, including improvements in blood cholesterol concentration and glycemic response. Mycoprotein has found a place in the market, but questions regarding the consumer’s experience on the sensory and health aspects are still being investigated.

scholarly journals Breakfast Protein Source Does Not Influence Postprandial Appetite Response and Food Intake in Normal Weight and Overweight Young Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Crowder ◽  
Brianna L. Neumann ◽  
Jamie I. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Lower Glucose ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
The Impact

Breakfasts higher in protein lead to a greater reduction in hunger compared to breakfasts higher in carbohydrate. However, few studies have examined the impact of higher protein breakfasts with differing protein sources. Our objective was to determine if protein source (animal protein (AP) versus plant protein (PP)) influences postprandial metabolic response in participants consuming a high protein breakfast (~30% energy from protein). Normal weight (NW;n=12) and overweight women (OW;n=8) aging 18–36 were recruited to participate. Participants completed two visits in a randomized, cross-over design with one week between visits. Subjects had 15 minutes to consume each breakfast. Blood glucose and appetite were assessed at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 minutes postprandial. Participants kept a 24-hour dietary record for the duration of each test day. No difference was found between NW and OW participants or breakfasts for postprandial appetite responses. AP had a significantly lower glucose response at 30 minutes compared with PP (−11.6%; 127 ± 4 versus 112 ± 4 mg/dL;P<0.05) and a slower return to baseline. There was no difference in daily energy intake between breakfasts. These data suggest that protein source may influence postprandial glucose response without significantly impacting appetite response in breakfast consumers.

Advocacy for Evidence-Based Policy-Making in Public Health: Experiences and the Way Forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Chhetri ◽  
Fernando Zacarias
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Evidence Based Policy ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact

Evidence-informed policy action has improved the health of populations for decades; however, in many contexts, there is limited evidence that it does, mostly because of shortcomings in the process of policy-making. Evidence-based policy-making assists in making decisions about projects and programmes at every stage by using evidence to inform the policy process, rather than directly targeting the objectives of the policy. Although health policy in itself is defined distinctively by experts, it encompasses aspects of ‘public policy in health’ and ‘health in all policies’. By focussing on factors like laws and regulations, and by gaining political commitment for a specific goal, health policies and the resulting programmes can be changed and improved to enhance the health of communities. This process first involves the identification and description of the problem and the evidence-based interventions to solve it. While planning policy, the major actors involved should be identified but all stakeholders should participate in this process. Policy change requires a pragmatic shift in the rules to allow new ways of doing things, deriving programmes with stronger measures, or revising standards for a positive health outcome. These changes involve a very complex process as policymakers need to think of various factors which influence their decision-making, such as evidence of feasibility, stakeholders’ priorities, health impact, socio-political considerations and their effect on the process, and efforts of advocacy groups. A mechanism needs to be developed to evaluate the impact of current policies and every effort should be made to include evidence and research findings in the formulation of new and improved policies, for better health service delivery and to improve the health of the people.

scholarly journals Addition of Orange Pomace to 100% Orange Juice Attenuates Acute Glucose Response Compared to 100% Orange Juice but Not Whole Fruit in Healthy Adults (P08-080-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunyoung Park ◽  
Gabriela Guzman ◽  
Yujie Du ◽  
Anqi Zhao ◽  
Xuhuiqun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Orange Fruit ◽  
Orange Pomace ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Orange pomace (OP) is a byproduct of orange juice production and is a rich source of fiber. The goal of the present study was to determine the impact of the addition of OP to 100% orange juice (OJ) on the postprandial glycemic response compared to the glycemic response to a sugar matched OJ or whole orange fruit (WOF). Methods Forty-five healthy subjects (aged 25 ± 4 years, BMI 23 ± 2 kg m−2, mean ± SD) participated in a randomized, 3-arm, cross-over clinical trial to test the glycemic response to OJ, 250 g, OJ with 5 g fiber from OP added (OPF, 257 g total beverage weight or Navel variety whole orange (WOF, 227 g edible portion). The fiber level was chosen because it is similar to the amount found in sugar-matched weight of WOF. All 3 study products were matched for available carbohydrates (OJ/OPF/WOF, 19.3 g). Blood samples were collected and glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at fasting (0 min) and at multiple time points over 2 h after consuming study product. The primary end point was to assess and compare maximal glucose concentrations (Cmax) among study products. Results OPF and WOF significantly attenuated glucose Cmax compared to OJ (127.7 ± 1.9 and 125.1 ± 1.9 mg dL−1 vs. 136.1 ± 1.9 mg dL−1, respectively, P < 0.001). Insulin Cmax was significantly different among groups (OJ, 64.4 ± 5.0 μIU mL−1 vs. OPF, 54.6 ± 5.0 μIU mL−1 vs. WOF, 46.5 ± 5.0 μIU mL−1, P < 0.001). Time to reach maximal glucose concentration (T max) was delayed in OPF compared to OJ and WOF (35.3 ± 6 min vs. 30.3 ± 5.2 and 30.6 ± 4 min, respectively, P < 0.001). Analysis of the 2 h glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC0–2 h) was not significantly different among treatments, P > 0.05. However, iAUC0–2 h for insulin was significantly different between OJ and OPF vs. WOF (1902 ± 199 and 1789 ± 199 μIU x min mL−1 vs. 986 ± 175 μIU x min mL−1, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusions This study demonstrated that adding 5 g of fiber from OP into 250 g of OJ attenuated the primary endpoint of maximal postprandial glucose concentration and this response did not differ from whole orange fruit. Funding Sources PepsiCo, Inc.

Income Diversification and Bank Efficiency in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Sang Nguyen Minh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

This study uses the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method to estimate the technical efficiency index of 34 Vietnamese commercial banks in the period 2007-2015, and then it analyzes the impact of income diversification on the operational efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks through a censored regression model - the Tobit regression model. Research results indicate that income diversification has positive effects on the operational efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks in the research period. Based on study results, in this research some recommendations forpolicy are given to enhance the operational efficiency of Vietnam’s commercial banking system.

DAMPAK PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PADA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI TPA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilda Emilda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
The People ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
The Impact

The limitations of waste management in the Cipayung Landfill (TPA) causing a buildup of garbage up to more than 30 meters. This condition has a health impact on people in Cipayung Village. This study aims to analyze the impact of waste management at Cipayung Landfill on public health in Cipayung Village, Depok City. The research is descriptive qualitative. Data obtained by purposive sampling. Data was collected by interviews, observation and documentation. Based on interviews with 30 respondents, it was found that the most common diseases were diarrhea, then other types of stomach ailments, subsequent itching on the skin and coughing. This is presumably because the environmental conditions in the form of unhealthy air and water and clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS) have not become the habit of the people. The results indicated that there were no respondents who had implemented all of these criteria. In general respondents have implemented  3 criteria, namely maintaining hair hygiene, maintaining skin cleanliness, and maintaining hand hygiene. While maintaining clean water storage is the most often overlooked behavior. To minimize this health impact, improvements in waste management in Cipayung landfill are needed along with continuous socialization and education to develop PHBS habits and the importance of maintaining a clean environment.

Impact of Digitalization on Service Work in Knowledge-Intensive Business Services: An Empirical Study in Tax Consultancies

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
Philipp K. Görs ◽  
Henning Hummert ◽  
Anne Traum ◽  
Friedemann W. Nerdinger
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Service Work ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Knowledge Intensive Business Services ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Special Case

Digitalization is a megatrend, but there is relatively little knowledge about its consequences for service work in general and specifically in knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). We studied the impact of digitalization on psychological consequences for employees in tax consultancies as a special case of KIBS. We compare two tax consulting jobs with very different job demands, those of tax consultants (TCs) and assistant tax consultants (ATCs). The results show that the extent of digitalization at the workplace level for ATCs correlates significantly positively with their job satisfaction. For TCs, the same variable correlates positively with their work engagement. These positive effects of digitalization are mediated in the case of ATCs by the impact on important job characteristics. In the case of TCs, which already have very good working conditions, the impact is mediated by the positive effect on self-efficacy. Theoretical and practical consequences of these results are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document