Effect of prenatal exposure of deltamethrin on the ontogeny of xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450s in the brain and liver of offsprings

2006 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashu Johri ◽  
Alok Dhawan ◽  
Ram Lakhan Singh ◽  
Devendra Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Cytochrome P450s ◽  
The Brain

FC29-02 - Is prenatal exposure to alcohol a factor which re-program the brain?

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1978-1978
Author(s):  
J.H. Sliwowska
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
List Type ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Hpg Axis ◽  
The Brain

IntroductionFetal programming refers to the concept that early environmental factors, including prenatal exposure to stress and drugs, can permanently organize or imprint physiological and behavioural systems and increase vulnerability to disorders such as depression and anxiety later in life.AimsIs prenatal exposure to alcohol a factor which re-programs the brain?ObjectivesEffects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on:1)the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis;2)the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis;3)serotonergic (5-HT) system and4)adult hippocampal neurogenesis are presented.MethodsOffspring from prenatal ethanol (PAE), pair-fed (PF) and ad lib-fed control (C) dams are studied across the development or in adulthood. Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques are used.ResultsIn term of the HPA axis: PAE alters the balance of mineralocorticoids/glucocorticoids (MRs/GRs) receptor levels in the hippocampus of adult females. In the case of the HPG axis: PAE delays puberty and changes hormonal profiles in males and females. PAE also decreases numbers of 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the brainstem in ovariectomized rats and estradiol and progesterone modulate those effects. Finally, in adult PAE males, but not females stress-induced decrease in neurogenesis is altered.ConclusionsIn our animal model PAE re-programs the brain. Effects of PAE are long-lasting, affect HPA and HPG axes, 5-HT system and adult hippocampal neurogenesis and if seen in humans could contribute to increased vulnerability to depression and anxiety.

scholarly journals Changes in the motivational component of sexual function in the offspring of rats after prenatal exposure to cholinotropic drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Elena V. Stashina ◽  
Artur O. Zelener ◽  
Alekber A. Bairamov ◽  
Petr D. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dopaminergic Systems ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Sexually Mature

Prenatal exposure to N-cholinoblocker gangleron and in lesser degree to M-cholinoblocker metamisil leads to significant violations of the motivational component of sexual function in sexually mature offspring of males, expressed in low values of primary sexual activity, and increased latency of the approach and sexual dysfunction after the acquisition of sexual experience. Among the causes of sexual dysfunction in the offspring, it can be noted a change in the hormonal background in male rats, in the form of a significant decrease in the level of the main androgen testosterone, as well as damage in the dopaminergic systems of the brain, manifested by a decrease in dopamine levels.

scholarly journals Digit ratio (2D : 4D) and prosocial behaviour in economic games: no direct correlation with generosity, bargaining or trust-related behaviours

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 20190185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Brañas-Garza ◽  
Antonio M. Espín ◽  
Teresa García-Muñoz ◽  
Jaromír Kovářík
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Organizational Effects ◽  
Evolutionary Success ◽  
Hormone Exposure ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Social Behaviours

Prenatal exposure to sex hormones exerts organizational effects on the brain which have observable behavioural correlates in adult life. There are reasons to expect that social behaviours—fundamental for the evolutionary success of humans—might be related to biological factors such as prenatal sex hormone exposure. Nevertheless, the existing literature is inconclusive as to whether and how prenatal exposure to testosterone and oestrogen, proxied by the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D : 4D), may predict non-selfish behaviour. Here, we investigate this question using economic experiments with real monetary stakes and analyse five different dimensions of social behaviour in a comparatively large sample of Caucasian participants ( n = 560). For both males and females, our results show no robust association between right- or left-hand 2D : 4D and generosity, bargaining or trust-related behaviours. Moreover, no differences in behaviour were found according to sex. We conclude that there is no direct correlation between 2D : 4D and these social behaviours.

scholarly journals Prenatal Visual Exposure to a Predator Influences Lateralization in Goldbelly Topminnows

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1257
Author(s):  
Marco Dadda ◽  
Veronica Vendramin ◽  
Christian Agrillo
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Brain Lateralization ◽  
Light Stimulation ◽  
Visual Exposure ◽  
Motor Tests ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The Brain

The role of genetic and environmental factors in modulating the development of brain lateralization is far from being fully understood, and the presence of individual differences in several lateralized functions is still an open question. In goldbelly topminnows, the genetic basis of asymmetrical functions in the brain has been studied, and recently it has been found that light stimulation influences the expression of lateralization of newborns. Here, we investigated whether prenatal exposure to predators affects the development of lateralization in 10-day-old topminnows born from females exposed to a real or to a simulated predator during pregnancy. Offspring from females exposed to a real predator were lateralized in both visual and motor tests, whereas fish from females exposed to a simulated predator were not and did not differ from controls. Prenatal exposure to a real predator might promote the alignment of lateralization in the same direction in different individuals.

Effect of prenatal exposure of lindane on alterations in the expression of cerebral cytochrome P450s and neurotransmitter receptors in brain regions

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Srivastava ◽  
Anshuman Singh ◽  
Rajendra K. Shukla ◽  
Vinay K. Khanna ◽  
Devendra Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cytochrome P450s ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptors
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