The effects of nutrition and parity on the development and productivity of Angora goats: 3. Effects of six combinations of mid pregnancy and postnatal nutrition on udder development, lactation, milk composition and net energy of milk production

2018 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Angora Goats

EFFECT OF COLD EXPOSURE ON MILK PRODUCTION AND ENERGY BALANCE IN THE LACTATING EWE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. McBRIDE ◽  
R. J. CHRISTOPHERSON
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Daily Milk Production

The lactational performances of shorn ewes chronically exposed to a thermoneutral (21 ± 1 °C) or cold (0 ± 1 °C) environment were compared in two experiments. Heat production measured after 1, 21 and 41 days of cold exposure was increased by 20% (P < 0.05), 43% (P < 0.01) and 55% (P < 0.001), respectively, over thermoneutral control values. In both experiments, cold exposure increased milk fat concentration (P < 0.05). Milk protein and lactose concentrations were maintained in exp. 1 but tended to be increased in exp. 2 as a result of cold exposure. Milk obtained from the cold-exposed ewes was characterized by a relative decrease in short-chain fatty acid secretion (P < 0.01). Although milk composition was affected by cold stress, daily milk production was not significantly altered; as a consequence, total energy lost in the milk tended to be slightly higher for the cold-stressed ewes. The increased energy lost as heat and in the milk during cold exposure resulted in a net energy deficit throughout most of the experimental period. The present data suggest that the lactational performance of a ewe nursing a single lamb is not impaired by chronic exposure to an ambient temperature of 0 °C. Key words: Cold, milk production, milk composition, ewes, energy balance

scholarly journals Relationship of cation-anion balance in the prepartum rations of primiparous holstein cows with colostrum and milk composition, and milk production / Relação do equilíbrio cátion-ânion nas rações pré-parto de vacas holstein primíparas com a composição do colostro e a composição e produção do leite

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 5816-5828
Author(s):  
José A. Maiztegui ◽  
Gabriela S. Romano ◽  
Pablo R. Marini ◽  
Luciana M. Cignetti ◽  
Mariela Pilatti
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Protein Milk

Anion supply in prepartum rations affects the mineral metabolism in primiparous cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium chloride and dietary calcium sulfate in prepartum heifers’ rations on the composition of colostrum, fat and protein milk content, and total milk production during 305 days of lactation. Forty five Holstein heifers were assigned to three groups (15 per group) 21 days before calving. The heifers received a partially mixed ration (PMR) plus 2.5 kg/cow/day of wheat middlings (CP= 18.5%, neutral detergent fiber= 36.7%). Mineral salts with a dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) of +200 mEq/kg of dry matter (DM) were added in the control group (TCon); calcium chloride was added in one of the experimental groups (TCICa), and calcium sulfate was added in the other experimental group (TSoCa), both with DCAD= +30 mEq/kg of DM. After calving, they were fed on commercial feed, corn silage, and alfalfa grazing. The content of fat, protein, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in the colostrum was not different among the treatments (p0.05). TClCa cows produced a greater average of milk (kg/day), fat and protein corrected milk (kg/day), fat (kg/day), and net energy of lactation (Mcal/day). The TClCa group had higher milk production, and fat (kg) and protein (kg) content than TCon (p0.05), with intermediate values for TSoCa. The supply of calcium chloride in the prepartum of heifers produced differences in milk production and composition during the 305 days of lactation.

Milk production responses of primiparous and multiparous dairy cows to dose of conjugated linoleic acid consumed in rumen inert form

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Sippel ◽  
R S Spratt ◽  
J P Cant
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Fat Yield

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has the potential to be used as a dietary means of manipulating milk fat production of dairy cows to meet specified short-term targets, as in a supply-managed industry. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the dose-response to calcium salts of CLA fed as a top-dress on a corn- and alfalfa-based TMR. In two 5 × 5 Latin squares of 28-d periods, five primiparous and five multiparous cows were fed 0, 22, 45, 67 or 178 g d-1 CLA (29% trans-10, cis-12) as a calcium salt. Results from one multiparous cow on the 178 g d-1 treatment were removed from statistical analysis because milk production fell to 1.2 kg d-1 by the end of the period. On average, milk, lactose and protein yields increased at the lower doses of CLA and decreased to control levels at the highest dose. Milk fat yield declined progressively from 876 to 770, 689, 676 and 543 g d-1 on the five doses. Net energy balance of cows increased linearly from -1.5 Mcal d-1 on the control to 2.0 Mcal d-1 at 178 g d-1 CLA. The percentage depression in milk fat yield at different doses of trans-10, cis-12 CLA was described by the equation y = 54/(1 + 22.8/dose). Comparison with published literature suggested that feeding calcium salts of CLA was 30% as effective in depressing milk fat production as an abomasal infusion, due to rumen biohydrogenation and intestinal indigestibility.Key words: Milk composition, cattle, diet

scholarly journals Intake behavior, rumen fermentation and milk production of dairy cows as influenced by dietary levels of fermentable neutral detergent fiber

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. McQueen ◽  
P. H. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
In Sacco

Late lactation dairy cows were fed high fiber diets differing in the extent of 24 h in sacco NDF digestion to determine milk production and kinetic fiber digestion responses to fiber fermentability. Three TMR with 24 h in sacco NDF digestibilities of 30.7, 35.9 and 39.9% were formulated using two alfalfa silages (60% of diet DM) that differed in NDF content by only 2 percentage units and 24 h in sacco digestibilities of NDF by 15 percentage units. Other roughages were timothy hay and beet pulp which comprised 20% of the TMR and a barley–corn based concentrate which made up the balance. Five multiparous cows were used in an incomplete 3 × 3 Latin square design experiment with four 28-d periods. Intake and whole-tract digestibilities of DM, NDF and fiber constitutents were not affected by fermentability of dietary NDF. While eating behavior was in general not altered by diet NDF fermentability, cows ate the TMR with the more fermentable fiber faster. Time spent ruminating and chews per unit of DM or NDF were not related to NDF fermentability. Concentrations of soluble N compounds and VFA in rumen fluid were similar among diets although small increases in pH and propionate were observed in cows fed the TMR with the more fermentable NDF. Rumen pool sizes of DM, NDF and ammonia N did not differ with dietary NDF fermentability although the rumen load of indigestible NDF was inversely related to NDF fermentability. Milk yield (23.1 kg d−1) and milk composition (4.15% fat, 3.37% protein) was not altered by diet NDF fermentability, although BW gain increased linearly with increased diet NDF fermentability. Late lactation dairy cows derived more energy from diets containing more rapidly fermentable NDF, but it was metabolized for body gain rather than milk components. Quality of alfalfa NDF, as measured by 24 h in sacco fermentability, was not a useful measure to predict DM or NDF intake, but was related to total net energy for cows in late lactation. Key words: Dairy cows, neutral detergent fiber, fibre, digestion

Net Energy vs. T.D.N. in Evaluating the Efficacy of an All-Alfalfa Hay Ration for Milk Production

1951 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Irvin ◽  
J. C. Shaw ◽  
P. Saarinen ◽  
L. A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

Effect of Herbal Galactogogue (Sanjivani biokseera) on Milk Yield and Milk Constituents in Lactating Kankrej Cattle at Organised Farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
H H Panchasara ◽  
A B Chaudhari ◽  
D A Patel ◽  
Y M Gami ◽  
M P Patel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Distinct Effect ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Group I ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding herbal galactogogue preparation (Sanjivani biokseera) on the milk yield and milk constituents in lactating Kankrej cows. Thirty-two lactating Kankrej cows in their 1st to 6th lactation were taken for the experiment from 3 days after calving up to 52 days postpartum. All the animals were fed as per the standard seasonally available roughages and concentrates to meet their nutritional requirements. The cows were randomly divided into two uniform groups of 16 cows in each according to initial milk yield and milk composition. The animals in group-I were not given any supplement and served as control. The animals in group-II were given Sanjivani biokseera (Naturewell Industries) @ 60 g per day for 1-month, commencing 3 days after calving, in addition to the usual feeds/fodders. A clear difference was observed in milk yield from day 8 onward of experiment between groups with significant (plessthan0 0.05) higher values from day 16-52 in cows fed herbal galactogogue as compared to control, but no such distinct effect on milk constituents was observed on day 52 when analyzed. The use of herbal galactogogue significantly (p lessthan 0.05) increased the overall average of 52 days milk production, which was 9.34 ± 0.21 lit/day in supplemented as compared to 7.75 ± 0.26 lit/day in control animals. It was concluded that herbal galactogogue (Sanjivani biokseera) could increase milk yield in lactating dairy cows through its galactopoetic property and improved rumen environment.

HIGH MOISTURE GROUND EAR CORN, HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY OR SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED BARLEY FOR LACTATING COWS: MILK PRODUCTION AND RATION UTILIZATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KUNG Jr. ◽  
B. W. JESSE ◽  
J. W. THOMAS ◽  
J. T. HUBER ◽  
R. S. EMERY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fecal Ph

Whole barley was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in laboratory trials. Dry matter disappearance from nylon bags in the rumen of whole barley treated with 2.5, 3.5, or 4.9% NaOH for 30 h was 59.6, 72.4, and 93.0%, respectively, compared with 82.2% for untreated ground barley. In a subsequent lactation trial, 24 Holstein cows (eight per treatment) were fed high moisture ground ear corn, high moisture rolled barley or high moisture whole barley treated with 3.5% NaOH. Milk persistencies tended to be greater for cows fed high moisture rolled barley, next for ground ear corn and least for NaOH-treated barley. Milk composition was similar for all treatments. Dry matter intake was greatest for cows fed ground ear corn and lower for those fed the barley diets. Alpha-linked glucose and pH of feces were similar for cows fed ground ear corn and high moisture rolled barley diets, but fecal pH was lower and alpha-linked glucose concentrations three times greater for NaOH-treated barley. Digestibility percents of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and nitrogen were 61.4, 25.3, 64.7 for ground ear corn; 64.4, 38.0, 67.1 for high moisture rolled barley; and 56.8, 43.2, 54.8 for NaOH-treated barley, respectively. Rumen grain turnover estimated by excretion of ytterbium in feces was greatest for NaOH-treated barley (9.09%/h), intermediate for ground ear corn (6.10%/h) and lowest for high moisture rolled barley (4.93%/h). Key words: Dairy, sodium hydroxide, high moisture grains

Effect of toasting field beans and of grass-clover: Maize silage ratio on milk production, milk composition and sensory quality of milk

2010 ◽  
Vol 128 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Mogensen ◽  
Jannie Steensig Vestergaard ◽  
Xavier Fretté ◽  
Peter Lund ◽  
Martin Riis Weisbjerg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Field Beans

Effects of drought rations offered to lactating beef heifers on liveweight changes, milk production and composition, calf carcasses and cow fertility

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
D Hamilton ◽  
RC Seirer ◽  
JP Cook
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Angus Heifers

Thirty-two early-summer-calving Angus heifers received 4 rations in early lactation for the last 92 days of drought and then grazed pasture. The aim was to produce calves suitable for slaughter at weaning (i.e. at about 11 months of age) and to maintain the usual calving rate of about 85% at the next calving. Variations on the control ration of 83% cracked wheat and 17% long oaten hay, plus minerals and vitamins, were 44% hay or additions of urea or sodium bicarbonate. The calves received 0.33 kg and later 0.66 kg of pasture hay/head.day. The nitrogen content of the respective rations was 19.3, 17.5, 24.3 and 19.3 g/kg of dry matter. The apparent digestibilities of the organic matter were 66, 68 and 88% for the pasture hay, oaten hay and cracked wheat, respectively. There was no acidosis, but the heifers would only consume at 80% of the intended level of 6.0 kg/head.day for the control ration. Heifer condition score, weight change and milk composition, and calf growth and milk consumption, did not differ (P>0.05) between treatments. The average daily liveweight changes during drought feeding were -0.51 kg for the heifers and +0.64 kg for the calves. There was a tendency to slower eating and fewer calves at the next calving with the urea and bicarbonate rations. The calves were all of slaughter condition at weaning, and on average 84% of the heifers calved at the next calving. The control ration appeared to contain adequate roughage and nitrogen for milk production. The heifers' energy requirement in relation to milk production and liveweight performance was as predicted by the common feeding standards. Feed consumption, although lower than intended and probably constrained by the mineral content of the diet, was adequate in heifers that were initially fat enough to tolerate prolonged weight loss.

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