Effect of nitrous oxide against Botrytis cinerea and phenylpropanoid pathway metabolism in table grapes

2019 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xu ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Xueping Li ◽  
Jia Wei ◽  
Bin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Table Grapes

scholarly journals Surface Colonization, Penetration, and Lesion Formation on Grapes Inoculated Fresh or After Cold Storage with Single Airborne Conidia of Botrytis cinerea

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 917-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Coertze ◽  
Gustav Holz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Lesion Formation ◽  
Surface Colonization ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Airborne Conidia

Infection of grapes by different densities of airborne conidia of Botrytis cinerea was investigated on table grapes (cultivar Dauphine) harvested ripe (16°Brix) and inoculated fresh, or after SO2 treatment and 8-week storage at -0.5°C. Berries were detached at each inoculation and dusted with dry conidia in a settling tower. Following inoculation, the fresh berries were incubated for 24 h at high relative humidity (≥93%), or were overlaid with wet sterile paper towels. Cold-stored berries were incubated at high relative humidity. The effect of conidial density on surface colonization, penetration, and lesion formation was determined by surface sterilization, isolation, and freezing studies on fresh berries. Only symptom expression was determined on cold-stored berries. Fluorescence microscopy of skin segments showed that conidia were consistently deposited as single cells, and not in pairs or groups, on berry surfaces. Individual conidia, at all densities tested, readily infected the cold-stored berries and formed separate lesions after 2 days. Although the cold-stored berries were highly susceptible, lesion numbers were not related to conidial density at low inoculum dosages (0.67 to 2.60 conidia per mm2 berry surface). Lesion numbers tended to increase exponentially at higher dosages (3.24 to 3.88 conidia per mm2 berry surface). Individual conidia, however, did not induce any disease symptoms on fresh berries. Removal of the pathogen after 24-h incubation from the surface of fresh berries by ethanol, and subsequent incubation of excised skin segments revealed that, irrespective of the conidial density or the wetness regime, less than 2% of skin segments were penetrated. Furthermore, increasing densities of conidia did not lead to higher rates of surface colonization and skin penetration. The low incidence of disease caused on fresh berries and high disease incidence induced after prolonged cold storage indicated that infection was not governed by conidial density on berry surfaces, but by the level of host resistance.

Effect of temperature on flower and berry infections caused by Botrytis cinerea on table grapes.

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Latorre ◽  
◽  
M. Rioja ◽  
C. Lillo
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Table Grapes

scholarly journals Germination and Establishment of Infection on Grape Berries by Single Airborne Conidia of Botrytis cinerea

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 668-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Coertze ◽  
G. Holz ◽  
A. Sadie
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Surface Colonization ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Infection Mode

Table grapes (cv. Dauphine) at different phenological stages were dusted in a settling tower with dry conidia of Botrytis cinerea. The berries were incubated for periods of 3 to 96 h at high relative humidity (RH; ±93% RH, moist berries), or were covered with a film of water (wet berries). Germination of the solitary conidia, appressorium formation, stilbene and suberin induction by germlings, and germling viability were examined by fluorescence microscopy after each incubation period. Isolation and freezing studies were conducted to determine surface colonization (berries left unsterile) and penetration (surface-disinfested berries). Symptoms were determined on berries incubated at a specific wetness regime, kept dry for 10 days, and then incubated for 4 days at high RH. Microscopic observations indicated that germination was delayed on immature berries, but proceeded at a high rate on mature berries. Growth was invariably restricted on moist berries. Attempted penetration was always direct. Stilbene and suberin were generally induced early and were intense on berries at the pea-size and bunch closure stages. Dieback of conidia and germlings occurred at a significantly higher rate on wet than moist berries, and was more pronounced on immature than on mature berries. The segment isolation and freezing studies showed that infections in grape berry cheeks established by this infection mode were few. Extended incubation periods did not lead to substantially higher rates of surface colonization and skin penetration. Disease symptoms did not develop during the 14-day period on the berries transferred to dry perspex chambers, irrespective of phenological stage, incubation period, or wetness regime. According to these findings, this mode of infection should not contribute to a gradual build-up of secondary inoculum in the vineyard, and to B. cinerea epiphytotics.

scholarly journals Comparison of efficacy and modes of action of two high-potential biocontrol Bacillus strains and commercial biocontrol products against Botrytis cinerea in table grapes

OENO One ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-243
Author(s):  
Héctor Calvo ◽  
Jean Roudet ◽  
Ana Pilar Gracia ◽  
María Eugenia Venturini ◽  
Marc Fermaud
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Culture Form ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Disease Reduction

In table grapes (cv. Thomson Seedless), the antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea was further analysed and compared between two high potential bacterial biological control agent (BCA) strains, Bacillus velezensis BUZ-14 and B. ginsengihumi S38. Two commercial biocontrol products (BPs), served as standards of comparison, Amylo-X® and Serenade Max®, also based on Bacillus BCA strains. The main mode of action quantified for all the strains was antibiosis due to hydrosoluble and volatile metabolites and their combinations. The BUZ-14 strain was the most active BCA strain, demonstrating significant disease reduction exceeding 60 % when used in the culture form grown in 863 medium, including living cells (LCs) and cell-free supernatant (CFS). Both BPs exhibited significantly reduced efficacy of their CFS fraction (< 10 %) compared with that of the two BCA strains, confirming their high antibiosis potential. The novel methodology allowed us to demonstrate the significant effect of the BCA culture medium on volatilome (VOC) antagonist efficacy. The S38 strain achieved the highest disease reduction (90 %) owing to the greatest production of VOCs in the richest MOLP (Medium Optimum Lipopetide Production) culture medium, whereas grape juice was the least favourable medium for VOC efficacy for both bacterial strains (BUZ14 and S38). The overall poor activity of living Bacillus cells in all the BCA and BPs tested is discussed based on the low capacity of the BCA strains to grow in the berry. Then, the presence of living cells is also discussed with the possibility that these cells are not required in field applications of such BCA strains in this genus. Moreover, different environmental suboptimal conditions, including temperature (22 and 27 °C) and relative humidity (RH) (100 and 85–95 %), were tested, and BUZ-14 exhibited the highest Botrytis reduction at both temperatures and RH values. However, no significant differences were observed between temperatures or RH values for the same BCA. Further studies in vineyard conditions and applications, such as biofumigation or active packaging, will be performed to confirm the new findings reported in this investigation.

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