scholarly journals Use of Gamma Irradiation for Control of Postharvest Botrytis cinerea Bunch Rot of Table Grapes in Cold Storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. de Kock ◽  
G. Holz
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Bunch Rot

scholarly journals Surface Colonization, Penetration, and Lesion Formation on Grapes Inoculated Fresh or After Cold Storage with Single Airborne Conidia of Botrytis cinerea

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 917-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Coertze ◽  
Gustav Holz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Lesion Formation ◽  
Surface Colonization ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Airborne Conidia

Infection of grapes by different densities of airborne conidia of Botrytis cinerea was investigated on table grapes (cultivar Dauphine) harvested ripe (16°Brix) and inoculated fresh, or after SO2 treatment and 8-week storage at -0.5°C. Berries were detached at each inoculation and dusted with dry conidia in a settling tower. Following inoculation, the fresh berries were incubated for 24 h at high relative humidity (≥93%), or were overlaid with wet sterile paper towels. Cold-stored berries were incubated at high relative humidity. The effect of conidial density on surface colonization, penetration, and lesion formation was determined by surface sterilization, isolation, and freezing studies on fresh berries. Only symptom expression was determined on cold-stored berries. Fluorescence microscopy of skin segments showed that conidia were consistently deposited as single cells, and not in pairs or groups, on berry surfaces. Individual conidia, at all densities tested, readily infected the cold-stored berries and formed separate lesions after 2 days. Although the cold-stored berries were highly susceptible, lesion numbers were not related to conidial density at low inoculum dosages (0.67 to 2.60 conidia per mm2 berry surface). Lesion numbers tended to increase exponentially at higher dosages (3.24 to 3.88 conidia per mm2 berry surface). Individual conidia, however, did not induce any disease symptoms on fresh berries. Removal of the pathogen after 24-h incubation from the surface of fresh berries by ethanol, and subsequent incubation of excised skin segments revealed that, irrespective of the conidial density or the wetness regime, less than 2% of skin segments were penetrated. Furthermore, increasing densities of conidia did not lead to higher rates of surface colonization and skin penetration. The low incidence of disease caused on fresh berries and high disease incidence induced after prolonged cold storage indicated that infection was not governed by conidial density on berry surfaces, but by the level of host resistance.

scholarly journals Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Produced by Gluconobacter cerinus and Hanseniaspora osmophila Displaying Control Effect against Table Grape-Rot Pathogens

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Ninoska Delgado ◽  
Matías Olivera ◽  
Fabiola Cádiz ◽  
Guillermo Bravo ◽  
Iván Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Bunch Rot

Table grapes (Vitis vinifera) are affected by botrytis bunch rot and summer bunch rot, the latter a complex disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium expansum and Rhizopus stolonifer. To search for biocontrol alternatives, a new bioproduct composed of Gluconobacter cerinus and Hanseniaspora osmophila, a consortium called PUCV-VBL, was developed for the control of fungal rots in table grapes. Since this consortium presents new biocontrol species, the effect of their VOCs (volatile organic compounds) was evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The VOCs produced by the PUCV-VBL consortium showed the highest mycelial inhibition against Botrytis cinerea (86%). Furthermore, H. osmophila was able to inhibit sporulation of A. tubingensis and P. expansum. VOCs’ effect in vivo was evaluated using berries from Red Globe, Thompson Seedless and Crimson Seedless grapes cultivars, demonstrating a mycelial inhibition by VOCs greater than 70% for all evaluated fungal species. The VOC identification of the PUCV-VBL consortium was analyzed by solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GCMS). A total 26 compounds were identified, including 1-butanol 3-methyl, propanoic acid ethyl ester, ethyl acetate, phenylethyl alcohol, isobutyl acetate and hexanoic acid ethyl ester. Our results show that VOCs are an important mode of action of the PUCV-VBL biological consortium.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis and Secondary Metabolites Production of the Endophytic Bacillus velezensis Bvel1: A Biocontrol Agent against Botrytis cinerea Causing Bunch Rot in Post-Harvest Table Grapes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1716
Author(s):  
Kallimachos Nifakos ◽  
Polina C. Tsalgatidou ◽  
Eirini-Evangelia Thomloudi ◽  
Aggeliki Skagia ◽  
Dimitrios Kotopoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Bunch Rot

Botrytis bunch rot caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the most economically significant post-harvest diseases of grapes. In the present study, we showed that the bacterial strain Bvel1 is phylogenetically affiliated to Bacillus velezensis species. The strain Bvel1 and its secreted metabolites exerted an antifungal activity, under in vitro conditions, against B. cinerea. UHPLC–HRMS chemical analysis revealed that iturin A2, surfactin-C13 and -C15, oxydifficidin, bacillibactin, L-dihydroanticapsin, and azelaic acid were among the metabolites secreted by Bvel1. Treatment of wounded grape berries with Bacillus sp. Bvel1 cell culture was effective for controlling grey mold ingress and expansion in vivo. The effectiveness of this biological control agent was a function of the cell culture concentration of the antagonist applied, while preventive treatment proved to be more effective compared to curative. The strain Bvel1 exhibited an adequate colonization efficiency in wounded grapes. The whole-genome phylogeny, combined with ANI and dDDH analyses, provided compelling evidence that the strain Bvel1 should be taxonomically classified as Bacillus velezensis. Genome mining approaches showed that the strain Bvel1 harbors 13 antimicrobial biosynthetic gene clusters, including iturin A, fengycin, surfactin, bacilysin, difficidin, bacillaene, and bacillibactin. The results provide new insights into the understanding of the endophytic Bacillus velezensis Bvel1 biocontrol mechanism against post-harvest fungal pathogens, including bunch rot disease in grape berries.

scholarly journals Diffusible Compounds Produced by Hanseniaspora osmophila and Gluconobacter cerinus Help to Control the Causal Agents of Gray Rot and Summer Bunch Rot of Table Grapes

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Matías Olivera ◽  
Ninoska Delgado ◽  
Fabiola Cádiz ◽  
Natalia Riquelme ◽  
Iván Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Dual Cultures ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Direct Bioautography

Gray and summer bunch rot are important diseases of table grapes due to the high economic and environmental cost of their control with synthetic fungicides. The ability to produce antifungal compounds against the causal agents Botrytis, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus of two microorganisms isolated from table grapes and identified as Hanseniaspora osmophila and Gluconobacter cerinus was evaluated. In dual cultures, both biocontrol agents (together and separately) inhibited in vitro mycelial growth of these pathogens. To identify the compounds responsible for the inhibitory effect, extractions were carried out with organic solvents from biocontrol agents separately. Through dual cultures with pathogens and pure extracts, only the hexane extract from H. osmophila showed an inhibitory effect against Botrytis cinerea. To further identify these compounds, the direct bioautography technique was used. This technique made it possible to determine the band displaying antifungal activity at Rf = 0.05–0.2. The compounds present in this band were identified by GC-MS and compared to the NIST library. The most abundant compounds, not previously reported, corresponded to alkanes, ketones, alcohols, and terpenoids. H. osmophila and G. cerinus have the potential to control the causal agents of gray and summer bunch rot of table grapes.

scholarly journals Cold storage and gamma irradiation of Sitotroga cerealella Olivier eggs (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in relation to the success of parasitism by Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naglaa F. Abdel-Hameid ◽  
I. R. M. Elzoghby ◽  
A. L. Mehany ◽  
W. A. A. Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Trichogramma Evanescens ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Angoumois Grain Moth ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
The Times

AbstractThe performance of parasitism by the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) was investigated under cold storage and gamma irradiation treatments of the host eggs. Cold storage treatment could improve the parasitoid mass rearing techniques and reduced the costs of biological control programs, while gamma irradiation might be used as a supplementary support at the times of high demand. The suitability of the S. cerealella eggs, stored at – 20 °C for 0.5, 1, or 2 h. as a host for T. evanescens was evaluated. The sensitivity of S. cerealella eggs to gamma irradiation treatments and the acceptability of irradiated eggs for parasitism by T. evanescens females for the parental P and F1 generations were examined. The results revealed that parasitism was drastically reduced more than adult’s emergence and sex-ratio (% of females) after cold storage periods of S. cerealella eggs. Moreover, the parasitism percentages were relatively reduced to (97.1, 96.1, 93.03, and 92.7 %) after irradiating the S. cerealella eggs at 40, 60, 80, and 100 Gy, respectively than the control (97.3% emergence). The percentages of emergence and females’ percent were slightly decreased by gamma irradiation doses, while, equal preferred by the F1 generation of parasitoid that produced from irradiated S. cerealella eggs.

A comparative study on quality attributes and physiological responses of organic and conventionally grown table grapes during cold storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pari Zahedipour ◽  
Mohammadreza Asghari ◽  
Babak Abdollahi ◽  
Mohammad Alizadeh ◽  
Yunes Rezaei Danesh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Table Grapes

Effects of ultrasound and gamma irradiation on quality maintenance of fresh Lentinula edodes during cold storage

2021 ◽  
pp. 131478
Author(s):  
Defang Shi ◽  
Chaomin Yin ◽  
Xiuzhi Fan ◽  
Fen Yao ◽  
Yu Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Quality Maintenance

Effect of nitrous oxide against Botrytis cinerea and phenylpropanoid pathway metabolism in table grapes

2019 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xu ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Xueping Li ◽  
Jia Wei ◽  
Bin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Table Grapes
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