Modulation of the respiratory rhythm generator by the pontine noradrenergic A5 and A6 groups in rodents

2004 ◽  
Vol 143 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Hilaire ◽  
Jean-Charles Viemari ◽  
Patrice Coulon ◽  
Michel Simonneau ◽  
Michelle Bévengut
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Rhythm Generator

The neurophysiology of respiration in decapod crustacea. II. The sensory system

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie M. Pasztor
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Rhythm Generator ◽  
Decapod Crustacea ◽  
New Type

The mechanoreceptors of the respiratory appendage were studied by histological and electrophysiological techniques.A new type of mechanoreceptor is described and named the "oval organ". It consists of a specialized oval patch of cuticle 1–2 mm in length which is traversed by a spine or longitudinal thickening. Closely applied to the cuticle is a pad of connective tissue richly supplied with dendrites from two large nerve fibers. The orientation of the spine and the dendrites ensures that the receptor responds preferentially to certain stresses or foldings of the oval organ. It lies at the base of the scaphognathite on the dorsal surface.No internal proprioceptors were observed. Movements of the appendage are signalled either by the oval organ, epidermal receptors, or hair sensilla.The possible effect of sensory input upon the central respiratory rhythm generator is discussed.

Reconfiguration of the Respiratory Network at the Onset of Locust Flight

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 3137-3147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Marino Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Rhythm Generator ◽  
Locust Flight ◽  
Respiratory Network ◽  
Intracellular Stimulation ◽  
Tonic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Ramirez, Jan-Marino. Reconfiguration of the respiratory network at the onset of locust flight. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 3137–3147, 1998. The respiratory interneurons 377, 378, 379 and 576 were identified within the suboesophageal ganglion (SOG) of the locust. Intracellular stimulation of these neurons excited the auxillary muscle 59 (M59), a muscle that is involved in the control of thoracic pumping in the locust. Like M59, these interneurons did not discharge during each respiratory cycle. However, the SOG interneurons were part of the respiratory rhythm generator because brief intracellular stimulation of these interneurons reset the respiratory rhythm and tonic stimulation increased the frequency of respiratory activity. At the onset of flight, the respiratory input into M59 and the SOG interneurons was suppressed, and these neurons discharged in phase with wing depression while abdominal pumping movements remained rhythmically active in phase with the slower respiratory rhythm (Fig. 9 ). The suppression of the respiratory input during flight seems to be mediated by the SOG interneuron 388. This interneuron was tonically activated during flight, and intracellular current injection suppressed the respiratory rhythmic input into M59. We conclude that the respiratory rhythm generator is reconfigured at flight onset. As part of the rhythm-generating network, the interneurons in the SOG are uncoupled from the rest of the respiratory network and discharge in phase with the flight rhythm. Because these SOG interneurons have a strong influence on thoracic pumping, we propose that this neural reconfiguration leads to a behavioral reconfiguration. In the quiescent state, thoracic pumping is coupled to the abdominal pumping movements and has auxillary functions. During flight, thoracic pumping is coupled to the flight rhythm and provides the major ventilatory movements during this energy-demanding locomotor behavior.

scholarly journals Lamprey breathing when feeding sucks: the respiratory rhythm generator of a parasitic fish

2014 ◽  
Vol 592 (8) ◽  
pp. 1725-1726
Author(s):  
Mufaddal I. Baghdadwala ◽  
Richard J. A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Rhythm Generator

scholarly journals Inhibitory control of ascending glutamatergic projections to the lamprey respiratory rhythm generator

Neuroscience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 126-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elenia Cinelli ◽  
Donatella Mutolo ◽  
Massimo Contini ◽  
Tito Pantaleo ◽  
Fulvia Bongianni
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Rhythm Generator

Embryonic emergence of the respiratory rhythm generator

2009 ◽  
Vol 168 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Fortin ◽  
Muriel Thoby-Brisson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Rhythm Generator

Nasal Trigeminal Inputs Release the A5 Inhibition Received by the Respiratory Rhythm Generator of the Mouse Neonate

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 746-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Charles Viemari ◽  
Michelle Bévengut ◽  
Patrice Coulon ◽  
Gérard Hilaire
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Electrolytic Lesion ◽  
Burst Frequency ◽  
Neuronal Tracing ◽  
Rhythm Generator ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation

Experiments were performed on neonatal mice to analyze why, in vitro, the respiratory rhythm generator (RRG) was silent and how it could be activated. We demonstrated that in vitro the RRG in intact brain stems is silenced by a powerful inhibition arising from the pontine A5 neurons through medullary α2 adrenoceptors and that in vivo nasal trigeminal inputs facilitate the RRG as nasal continuous positive airway pressure increases the breathing frequency, whereas nasal occlusion and nasal afferent anesthesia depress it. Because nasal trigeminal afferents project to the A5 nuclei, we applied single trains of negative electric shocks to the trigeminal nerve in inactive ponto-medullary preparations. They induced rhythmic phrenic bursts during the stimulation and for 2–3 min afterward, whereas repetitive trains produced on-going rhythmic activity up to the end of the experiments. Electrolytic lesion or pharmacological inactivation of the ipsilateral A5 neurons altered both the phrenic burst frequency and occurrence after the stimulation. Extracellular unitary recordings and trans-neuronal tracing experiments with the rabies virus show that the medullary lateral reticular area contains respiratory-modulated neurons, not necessary for respiratory rhythmogenesis, but that may provide an excitatory pathway from the trigeminal inputs to the RRG as their electrolytic lesion suppresses any phrenic activity induced by the trigeminal nerve stimulation. The results lead to the hypothesis that the trigeminal afferents in the mouse neonate involve at least two pathways to activate the RRG, one that may act through the medullary lateral reticular area and one that releases the A5 inhibition received by the RRG.

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