Isolation and identification of potential cancer chemopreventive agents from methanolic extracts of green onion (Allium cepa)

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1059-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Xiao ◽  
Kirk L. Parkin
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Potential Cancer

scholarly journals Mammalian Arginase Inhibitory Activity of Methanolic Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Cyperus Species

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1694
Author(s):  
Kamel Arraki ◽  
Perle Totoson ◽  
Alain Decendit ◽  
Andy Zedet ◽  
Justine Maroilley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Vasorelaxant Effect ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
First Time

Polyphenolic enriched extracts from two species of Cyperus, Cyperus glomeratus and Cyperus thunbergii, possess mammalian arginase inhibitory capacities, with the percentage inhibition ranging from 80% to 95% at 100 µg/mL and 40% to 64% at 10 µg/mL. Phytochemical investigation of these species led to the isolation and identification of two new natural stilbene oligomers named thunbergin A-B (1–2), together with three other stilbenes, trans-resveratrol (3), trans-scirpusin A (4), trans-cyperusphenol A (6), and two flavonoids, aureusidin (5) and luteolin (7), which were isolated for the first time from C.thunbergii and C. glomeratus. Structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data from MS and NMR experiments. The arginase inhibitory activity of compounds 1–7 was evaluated through an in vitro arginase inhibitory assay using purified liver bovine arginase. As a result, five compounds (1, 4–7) showed significant inhibition of arginase, with IC50 values between 17.6 and 60.6 µM, in the range of those of the natural arginase inhibitor piceatannol (12.6 µM). In addition, methanolic extract from Cyperus thunbergii exhibited an endothelium and NO-dependent vasorelaxant effect on thoracic aortic rings from rats and improved endothelial dysfunction in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Fusarium spp., the Causal Agents of Onion (Allium cepa) Basal Rot in Northeastern Israel

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ben Kalman ◽  
Dekel Abraham ◽  
Shaul Graph ◽  
Rafael Perl-Treves ◽  
Yael Meller Harel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Onion Bulbs ◽  
Basal Rot

Over the past decade, there have been accumulating reports from farmers and field extension personnel on the increasing incidence and spread of onion (Allium cepa) bulb basal rot in northern Israel. The disease is caused mainly by Fusarium species. Rotting onion bulbs were sampled from fields in the Golan Heights in northeastern Israel during the summers of 2017 and 2018. Tissue from the sampled onion bulbs was used for the isolation and identification of the infecting fungal species using colony and microscopic morphology characterization. Final confirmation of the pathogens was performed with PCR amplification and sequencing using fungi-specific and Fusarium species-specific primers. Four Fusarium spp. isolates were identified in onion bulbs samples collected from the contaminated field: F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae, and two species less familiar as causative agents of this disease, F. acutatum and F. anthophilium. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these species subdivided into two populations, a northern group isolated from white (Riverside cv.) onion bulbs, and a southern group isolated from red (565/505 cv.) bulbs. Pathogenicity tests conducted with seedlings and bulbs under moist conditions proved that all species could cause the disease symptoms, but with different degrees of virulence. Inoculating seeds with spore suspensions of the four species, in vitro, significantly reduced seedlings’ germination rate, hypocotyl elongation, and fresh biomass. Mature onion bulbs infected with the fungal isolates produced typical rot symptoms 14 days post-inoculation, and the fungus from each infected bulb was re-isolated and identified to satisfy Koch’s postulates. The onion bulb assay also reflected the degree of sensitivity of different onion cultivars to the disease. This work is the first confirmed report of the direct and primary cause of Fusarium onion basal rot disease in northeastern Israel. These findings are a necessary step towards uncovering the mycoflora of the diseased onion plants and developing a preventive program that would reduce the disease damage.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents with GNMT-Promoter-Enhancing and NRF2-Reduction Activities from Taiwan Agarwood Excoecaria formosana

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1746
Author(s):  
Ho-Cheng Wu ◽  
Ming-Jen Cheng ◽  
Chia-Hung Yen ◽  
Yi-Ming Arthur Chen ◽  
Yi-Siao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Huh7 Cells

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered to be a silent killer, and was the fourth leading global cause of cancer deaths in 2018. For now, sorafenib is the only approved drug for advanced HCC treatment. The introduction of additional chemopreventive agents and/or adjuvant therapies may be helpful for the treatment of HCC. After screening 3000 methanolic extracts from the Formosan plant extract bank, Excoecaria formosana showed glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT)-promoter-enhancing and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-suppressing activities. Further, the investigation of the whole plant of E. formosana led to the isolation of a new steroid, 7α-hydroperoxysitosterol-3-O-β-d-(6-O-palmitoyl)glucopyranoside (1); two new coumarinolignans, excoecoumarin A (2) and excoecoumarin B (3); a new diterpene, excoeterpenol A (4); and 40 known compounds (5–44). Among them, Compounds 38 and 40–44 at a 100 μM concentration showed a 2.97 ± 0.27-, 3.17 ± 1.03-, 2.73 ± 0.23-, 2.63 ± 0.14-, 6.57 ± 0.13-, and 2.62 ± 0.05-fold increase in GNMT promoter activity, respectively. In addition, Compounds 40 and 43 could reduce NRF2 activity, a transcription factor associated with drug resistance, in Huh7 cells with relative activity of 33.1 ± 0.2% and 45.2 ± 2.5%. These results provided the basis for the utilization of Taiwan agarwood for the development of anti-HCC agents.

scholarly journals Anti-mitotic and anti-proliferation potentials of aqueous and methanolic extracts of fermented Citrullus vulgaris (ogiri-egusi) seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
R.A. Ayo-Lawal ◽  
S.O. Azeez ◽  
O. Osoniyi
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
West African ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Citrullus Vulgaris ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Dividing Cells

There is a growing scientific evidence of the health-enhancing benefits of fermented food and beverages, especially in cancer prevention and  treatment. Ogiri-egusi is an indigenously fermented condiment consumed in some West African countries, and prepared mainly from natural fermentation of melon (Citrullus vulgaris) seeds. The condiment has been previously reported to possess anti-oxidative and anti hyperlipid emic properties. In this study, different concentrations of ogiri-egusi extracts were exposed to actively dividing cells from Allium cepa meristematic roots and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the antimitotic and antiproliferative investigations, respectively. There was a statistically significant reduction in mitotic activities of the treated A. cepa meristematic cells compared to the untreated cells. The mitotic index (MI) of the untreated cells was 28.38 ± 4.58. At a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml, the extracts induced a reduction in the MI to 6.02 ± 2.74 and 4.94 ± 0.61 in the aqueous and methanolic extracts- treated cells, respectively. Some chromosomal aberrations were also observed. In addition, proliferation in yeast cells was significantly inhibited at all the concentrations of the aqueous extract examined as well as at the highest concentration of the methanolic extract. These results provide useful insights to the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of fermented Citrullus vulgaris. Keywords: Fermented Citrullus vulgaris, Allium cepa, antiproliferation, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity

scholarly journals Biotransformation of the Phenolic Constituents from Licorice and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Their Metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10109
Author(s):  
Yina Xiao ◽  
Fubo Han ◽  
Ik-Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Biotransformation Process ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Potential Cancer ◽  
Mcf 7

Biotransformation of four bioactive phenolic constituents from licorice, namely licoisoflavanone (1), glycyrrhisoflavone (2), echinatin (3), and isobavachalcone (4), was performed by the selected fungal strain Aspergillus niger KCCM 60332, leading to the isolation of seventeen metabolites (5–21). Structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, twelve of which (5–7, 10–17 and 19) have been previously undescribed. A series of reactions including hydroxylation, hydrogenation, epoxidation, hydrolysis, reduction, cyclization, and alkylation was observed in the biotransformation process. All compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities against three different human cancer cell lines including A375P, MCF-7, and HT-29. Compounds 1 and 12 exhibited most considerable cytotoxic activities against all the cell lines investigated, while compounds 2 and 4 were moderately cytotoxic. These findings will contribute to expanding the chemical diversity of phenolic compounds, and compounds 1 and 12 may serve as leads for the development of potential cancer chemopreventive agents.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Allium cepa L. and Allium × cornutum (Clementi ex Visiani 1842) Methanolic Extracts

Molecules ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Željana Fredotović ◽  
Matilda Šprung ◽  
Barbara Soldo ◽  
Ivica Ljubenkov ◽  
Irena Budić-Leto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Allium Cepa L

Use of azoxymethane-induced foci of aberrant crypts in rat colon to identify potential cancer chemopreventive agents

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Pereira ◽  
Leta H. Barnes ◽  
Vicki L. Rassman ◽  
Gary V. Kelloff ◽  
Vernon E. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Rat Colon ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Aberrant Crypts ◽  
Potential Cancer

Isolation of Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Agents from Eriodictyon californicum

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Long Liu ◽  
David K. Ho ◽  
John M. Cassady ◽  
Vanessa M. Cook ◽  
William M. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Eriodictyon Californicum ◽  
Potential Cancer
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