Maternal nicotine exposure during lactation alters food preference, anxiety-like behavior and the brain dopaminergic reward system in the adult rat offspring

2015 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Pinheiro ◽  
E.G. Moura ◽  
A.C. Manhães ◽  
M.C. Fraga ◽  
S. Claudio-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Nicotine Exposure ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Intravenous gestational nicotine exposure results in increased motivation for sucrose reward in adult rat offspring

2012 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan T. Lacy ◽  
Lauren L. Hord ◽  
Amanda J. Morgan ◽  
Steven B. Harrod
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Exposure ◽  
Sucrose Reward ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Gestational Nicotine

Prenatal restraint stress decreases the expression of alpha-7 nicotinic receptor in the brain of adult rat offspring

Stress ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos J. Baier ◽  
María E. Pallarés ◽  
Ezequiela Adrover ◽  
Melisa C. Monteleone ◽  
Marcela A. Brocco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Receptor ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Alpha 7 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Prenatal Restraint Stress

Maternal nicotine exposure leads to higher liver oxidative stress and steatosis in adult rat offspring

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Conceição ◽  
N. Peixoto-Silva ◽  
C.R. Pinheiro ◽  
E. Oliveira ◽  
E.G. Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nicotine Exposure ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring

scholarly journals Intrauterine exposure to maternal stress alters Bdnf IV DNA methylation and telomere length in the brain of adult rat offspring

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Blaze ◽  
Arun Asok ◽  
Kristyn Borrelli ◽  
Christina Tulbert ◽  
Justin Bollinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Intrauterine Exposure ◽  
The Brain

Art and the Brain’s Reward System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Hogh-Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
System P ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Reward Circuit

Chapter 7 takes the investigation of the aesthetic impulse into the human brain to understand, first, why only we—and not our closest relatives among the primates—express ourselves aesthetically; and second, how the brain reacts when presented with aesthetic material. Brain scans are less useful when you are interested in the Why of aesthetic behavior rather than the How. Nevertheless, some brain studies have been ground-breaking, and neuroaesthetics offers a pivotal argument for the key function of the aesthetic impulse in human lives; it shows us that the brain’s reward circuit is activated when we are presented with aesthetic objects and stimuli. For why reward a perception or an activity that is evolutionarily useless and worthless in relation to human existence?

scholarly journals Learning of food preferences: mechanisms and implications for obesity & metabolic diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Rudolf Berthoud ◽  
Christopher D. Morrison ◽  
Karen Ackroff ◽  
Anthony Sclafani
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Dietary Knowledge ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Vagal Function

AbstractOmnivores, including rodents and humans, compose their diets from a wide variety of potential foods. Beyond the guidance of a few basic orosensory biases such as attraction to sweet and avoidance of bitter, they have limited innate dietary knowledge and must learn to prefer foods based on their flavors and postoral effects. This review focuses on postoral nutrient sensing and signaling as an essential part of the reward system that shapes preferences for the associated flavors of foods. We discuss the extensive array of sensors in the gastrointestinal system and the vagal pathways conveying information about ingested nutrients to the brain. Earlier studies of vagal contributions were limited by nonselective methods that could not easily distinguish the contributions of subsets of vagal afferents. Recent advances in technique have generated substantial new details on sugar- and fat-responsive signaling pathways. We explain methods for conditioning flavor preferences and their use in evaluating gut–brain communication. The SGLT1 intestinal sugar sensor is important in sugar conditioning; the critical sensors for fat are less certain, though GPR40 and 120 fatty acid sensors have been implicated. Ongoing work points to particular vagal pathways to brain reward areas. An implication for obesity treatment is that bariatric surgery may alter vagal function.

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