Frequency of efflux pump genes mediating ciprofloxacin and antiseptic resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Hassanzadeh ◽  
Rahil Mashhadi ◽  
Masoud Yousefi ◽  
Emran Askari ◽  
Maryam Saniei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Efflux pump inhibitory activity of flavonoids isolated from Alpinia calcarata against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Biologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmandeep K. Randhawa ◽  
Kanwarpreet K. Hundal ◽  
Pallavi N. Ahirrao ◽  
Sanjay M. Jachak ◽  
Hemraj S. Nandanwar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

AbstractMethicillin-resistant

scholarly journals Dihydrostilbenes from Indigofera Pulchra

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300
Author(s):  
Aliyu Musa ◽  
A. K. Haruna ◽  
M. Ilyas ◽  
Augustine Ahmadu ◽  
Simon Gibbons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Weak Activity

A mixture of two new dihydrostilbenes, 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy-4′- O-(2ξ,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-dihydrostilbene (1) and 3,5-dimethoxy-4′- O-(2ξ,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-dihydrostilbene (2), was isolated from Indigofera pulchra as an inseparable mixture. Several isolation strategies, including multiple preparative TLC, SPE and finally HPLC were undertaken in an attempt to separate these metabolites, but to no avail. Structure elucidation on the mixture was conducted and we were able to establish the structures of these compounds unambiguously by MS and a series of 1D and 2D-NMR analyses. The mixture of these dihydrostilbenes was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and 1 and 2 were in a ratio of 52:48, respectively, and this was evaluated against a panel of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant variants of this organism, including a strain over-expressing the NorA efflux pump; weak activity was observed.

scholarly journals Recurrent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Cutaneous Abscesses and Selection of Reduced Chlorhexidine Susceptibility during Chlorhexidine Use

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 3677-3682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Johnson ◽  
Carey D. Schlett ◽  
Katrina Crawford ◽  
Jeffrey B. Lanier ◽  
D. Scott Merrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Selection Of

We describe the selection of reduced chlorhexidine susceptibility during chlorhexidine use in a patient with two episodes of cutaneous USA300 methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusabscess. The second clinical isolate harbors a novel plasmid that encodes the QacA efflux pump. Greater use of chlorhexidine for disease prevention warrants surveillance for resistance.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Selected Hospitals in Ashanti Region, Ghana.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal Ngofi Zumbi ◽  
Vivian Etsiapa Boamah ◽  
Yaw Duah Boakye ◽  
Hayford Odoi ◽  
Christian Agyare
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Ashanti Region

Abstract Background: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has long been recognized as a major health problem occurring worldwide. The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a global health problem. MRSA is reported as one of the leading pathogens involved in increased rates of morbidity and mortality amongst patients in Ghana. This study determined the prevalence and resistance mechanisms of MRSA isolated from patients in selected hospitals in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Antibiograms of the isolates were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Antibiotic resistance genes (mecA and mecC) were detected and efflux pump activity assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microbroth dilution methods, respectively. Results: Out of 626 samples obtained from patients, S. aureus was identified in 68, representing 10.9%. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 46 (67.6%) of the S. aureus isolates of which 28 (60.9%) were Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The MRSA isolates showed higher susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (50%) and higher resistance to oxacillin and cefoxitin (100%). mecA gene was identified in 9 (32.1%) of the MRSA isolates whereas mecC gene was absent in all the isolates. The isolates did not exhibit any multiple efflux pump activities. Conclusion: The prevalence of MDR-MRSA in S. aureus infections at healthcare facilities in the Ashanti region was found to be high. The presence of the mecA gene was identified as a possible mechanism responsible for resistance in the MRSA isolates.

scholarly journals Fluoroquinolone resistant mechanisms in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Cairo, Egypt

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 796-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha A Hashem ◽  
Aymen S Yassin ◽  
Hamdallah H Zedan ◽  
Magdy A Amin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Health Care Settings

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a persistent problem in community and health care settings. Fluoroquinolones are among the drugs of choice used to treat MRSA infections. This study aims to identify different mechanisms of fluoroquinolne resistance in local MRSA random sampling isolates in Cairo, Egypt. Methodology: A total of 94 clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected from two major University hospitals in Cairo. Identification was confirmed by appropriate morphological, cultural, and biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined for all isolates. The possible involvement of efflux pumps in mediating fluoroquinolone resistance as well as changes in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and gyrB genes were investigated Results: A total of 45 isolates were found to be MRSA, among which 26 isolates were found to be fluoroquinolone-resistant. The MIC values of the tested fluoroquinolones in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitors omeprazole and piperine were reduced. Measuring the uptake of ciprofloxacin upon the addition of the efflux pump inhibitor omeprazole, an increased level of accumulation was observed. Non-synonymous and silent mutations were detected in the QRDR of gyrA and gyrB genes. Conclusions: These results shed light on some of the resistance patterns of MRSA strains isolated from local health care settings in Cairo, Egypt. The resistance of these MRSA towards fluoroquinolones does not depend only on mutation in target genes; other mechanisms of resistance such as the permeability effect, efflux pumps and decreased availability of quinolones at the target site can also be involved.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Bacterial Efflux Pumps by Crude Extracts and Essential Oil from Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Nutmeg) Seeds against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4662
Author(s):  
Thidar Oo ◽  
Bhanubong Saiboonjan ◽  
Sukanya Srijampa ◽  
Arpasiri Srisrattakarn ◽  
Khaetthareeya Sutthanut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Myristica Fragrans Houtt

Myristicafragrans Houtt. (Nutmeg) is a widely known folk medicine across several parts of Asia, particularly used in antimicrobial treatment. Bacterial resistance involves the expression of efflux pump systems (chromosomal norA and mepA) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Crude extract (CE) and essential oil (EO) obtained from nutmeg were applied as efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), thereby enhancing the antimicrobial activity of the drugs they were used in. The major substances in CE and EO, which function as EPIs, in a descending order of % peak area include elemicin, myristicin, methoxyeugenol, myristicin, and asarone. Here, we investigated whether the low amount of CE and EO used as EPIs was sufficient to sensitize MRSA killing using the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, which acts as an efflux system. Interestingly, synergy between ciprofloxacin and CE or EO revealed the most significant viability of MRSA, depending on norA and mepA, the latter being responsible for EPI function of EO. Therefore, CE and EO obtained from nutmeg can act as EPIs in combination with substances that act as efflux systems, thereby ensuring that the MRSA strain is susceptible to antibiotic treatment.

In vitro and in vivo synergistic interaction of substituted chalcone derivatives with norfloxacin against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 5830-5845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Gaur ◽  
Vivek Kumar Gupta ◽  
Anirban Pal ◽  
Mahendra Padurang Darokar ◽  
Rajendra Singh Bhakuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Chalcone Derivatives

The present investigation shows that certain substituted chalcone derivatives diminish the escalation of bacterial cellsviainhibiting bacterial efflux pump and exhibit a synergistic interaction with norfloxacin.

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