Short-term mercury exposure on Na+/K+-ATPase activity and ionoregulation in gill and brain of an Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Krishnan Poopal ◽  
Mathan Ramesh ◽  
Bheeman Dinesh
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Indian Major Carp ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala

scholarly journals Responses of metabolic enzymes (GOT, GPT and LDH) in an Indian major carp Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanorods under short-term exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
B. Rangasamy ◽  
A.P. Ashokan ◽  
M. Ramesh ◽  
A. Narayanasamy
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Tio2 Nanorods ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Indian Major Carp ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are extensively manufactured due to their potential properties and applications invarious fields such as biomedical, electrical and environmental. These particles are likely to reach the aquatic environmentand may cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations (1, 50 and 100 mg L-l) of TiO2 nanorods (NRs). The enzymatic activity of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured in the liver and muscle of an Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala, under short-term exposure (96 h). The synthesised particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Visspectroscopy (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques before conducting the toxicity assay. The GOT and GPT activities were significantly elevated in both liver and muscle of fish treated with TiO2 nanorods (except 50 mg L-l in muscle for GPT). Similarly, the activity of LDH was also found to be elevated. The findings of the present investigation suggest that TiO2:NRs might have be absorbed, circulated, accumulated in liver and muscles of C. mrigala resulting in alterations in the enzyme activities. The results revealed that TiO2 nanorods induced alterations in GOT, GPT and LDH activities of fish at tested concentrations. The alterations of these enzymatic parameters can be useful for monitoring the environmental contamination of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in freshwater ecosystem.

scholarly journals Short-term K+ deprivation provokes insulin resistance of cellular K+ uptake revealed with the K+ clamp

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. F95-F102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol S. Choi ◽  
Curtis B. Thompson ◽  
Patrick K. K. Leong ◽  
Alicia A. McDonough ◽  
Jang H. Youn
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Physiological Concentration ◽  
Glucose Clearance

We aimed to test the feasibility of quantifying insulin action on cellular K+ uptake in vivo in the conscious rat by measuring the exogenous K+ infusion rate needed to maintain constant plasma K+ concentration ([K+]) during insulin infusion. In this “K+ clamp” the K+ infusion rate required to clamp plasma [K+] is a measure of insulin action to increase net plasma K+ disappearance. K+ infusion rate required to clamp plasma [K+] was insulin dose dependent. Renal K+ excretion was not significantly affected by insulin at a physiological concentration (∼90 μU/ml, P > 0.05), indicating that most of insulin-mediated plasma K+ disappearance was due to K+ uptake by extrarenal tissues. In rats deprived of K+ for 2 days, plasma [K+] fell from 4.2 to 3.8 mM, insulin-mediated plasma glucose clearance was normal, but insulin-mediated plasma K+ disappearance decreased to 20% of control, even though there was no change in muscle Na-K-ATPase activity or expression, which is believed to be the main K+ uptake route. After 10 days K+ deprivation, plasma [K+] fell to 2.9 mM, insulin-mediated K+ disappearance decreased to 6% of control (glucose clearance normal), and there were 50% decreases in Na-K-ATPase activity and α2-subunit levels. In conclusion, the present study proves the feasibility of the K+ clamp technique and demonstrates that short-term K+ deprivation leads to a near complete insulin resistance of cellular K+uptake that precedes changes in muscle sodium pump expression.

Short-term effect of aldosterone on NEM-sensitive ATPase in rat collecting tubule

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. F177-F181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Khadouri ◽  
S. Marsy ◽  
C. Barlet-Bas ◽  
A. Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Affinity Constant ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Collecting Tubule ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Collecting Tubules

Because previous studies indicated that in the collecting tubule, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM)-sensitive ATPase, the biochemical equivalent of the proton pump, is controlled by mineralocorticoids in the long term, the present study was designed to investigate whether such control also exists in the short term. Therefore we investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of aldosterone on the enzyme activity in cortical and outer medullary collecting tubules (CCT and MCT, respectively) from adrenalectomized rats. Administration of aldosterone (10 micrograms/kg body wt) markedly stimulated NEM-sensitive ATPase activity in the CCT and MCT within 3 h. Similarly, incubating CCT or MCT for 3 h in the presence of 10(-8) M aldosterone enhanced NEM-sensitive ATPase activity up to values similar to those previously measured in the corresponding nephron segments of normal rats. In vitro stimulation of NEM-sensitive ATPase was dose dependent in regard to aldosterone (apparent affinity constant approximately 10(-9) M), appeared after a 30-min lag period, and reached its maximum after 2-2.5 h. Finally, actinomycin D and cycloheximide totally abolished the in vitro action of aldosterone, demonstrating the involvement of protein synthesis in this process.

Environmental mercury exposure and selenium-associated biomarkers of antioxidant status at molecular and biochemical level. A short-term intervention study

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
Renata Kuras ◽  
Lucyna Kozlowska ◽  
Edyta Reszka ◽  
Edyta Wieczorek ◽  
Ewa Jablonska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Biochemical Level

Early effects of aldosterone on Na-K pump in rat cortical collecting tubules

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (1) ◽  
pp. F40-F45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Fujii ◽  
F. Takemoto ◽  
A. I. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rapid Stimulation ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
Collecting Tubules ◽  
Early Interaction ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Intact Rats

Sustained exposure to aldosterone (Aldo) increases the abundance and activity of the Na-K pump in cortical collecting tubules (CCT). However, the onset and mechanism of the early interaction of Aldo with the CCT pump, especially in adrenal-intact animals, are unclear. We evaluated the short-term effects of the hormone on Na-K-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity and on ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake, a measure of the transporting rate of the pump, in microdissected CCT from adrenal-intact rats. Incubation with Aldo (10(-8) M, 2 h) had no effect on Na-K-ATPase activity (Vmax), whereas it produced at least a twofold increase in 86Rb uptake. This effect was generated by physiological concentrations of the hormone (threshold 10(-10) M; apparent K1/2 approximately 10(-9) M), after a short lag of less than or equal to 30 min. Incubation with Aldo in the presence of amiloride or nystatin or in a Na-free medium (choline chloride) did not prevent the enhanced 86Rb uptake seen after Aldo alone; possible interpretations of these observations are discussed. We conclude that Aldo produces a rapid stimulation of pump function in CCT that precedes its induction of new pump synthesis; the physiological significance of this effect is suggested by its occurrence in tubules from adrenal-intact animals within the time frame and concentration range of the hormone's effects on electrolyte transport.

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