scholarly journals Responses of metabolic enzymes (GOT, GPT and LDH) in an Indian major carp Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanorods under short-term exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
B. Rangasamy ◽  
A.P. Ashokan ◽  
M. Ramesh ◽  
A. Narayanasamy
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Tio2 Nanorods ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Indian Major Carp ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are extensively manufactured due to their potential properties and applications invarious fields such as biomedical, electrical and environmental. These particles are likely to reach the aquatic environmentand may cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations (1, 50 and 100 mg L-l) of TiO2 nanorods (NRs). The enzymatic activity of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured in the liver and muscle of an Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala, under short-term exposure (96 h). The synthesised particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Visspectroscopy (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques before conducting the toxicity assay. The GOT and GPT activities were significantly elevated in both liver and muscle of fish treated with TiO2 nanorods (except 50 mg L-l in muscle for GPT). Similarly, the activity of LDH was also found to be elevated. The findings of the present investigation suggest that TiO2:NRs might have be absorbed, circulated, accumulated in liver and muscles of C. mrigala resulting in alterations in the enzyme activities. The results revealed that TiO2 nanorods induced alterations in GOT, GPT and LDH activities of fish at tested concentrations. The alterations of these enzymatic parameters can be useful for monitoring the environmental contamination of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in freshwater ecosystem.

scholarly journals Investigations on structural, optical, and impedance spectroscopy studies of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
S. C. Vella Durai ◽  
E. Kumar ◽  
D. Muthuraj
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticle ◽  
Bandgap Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
X Ray

This article explains a novel synthesis for producing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles by a sol-gel technique using titanium tetraisopropoxide as a titanium source. The synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using many measurements like X-ray diffraction (XRD), HRTEM, absorption UV spectroscopy, FTIR, and ac impedance spectroscopy. X-ray peaks were used to calculate the crystallite size and lattice strain by Williamson–Hall method. Crystallite size calculated from x-ray diffraction using the Scherrer equation gives an approximate size and cannot be used for measurements. TiO2 nanoparticles are found to possess a tetragonal structure with a crystalline size around 12 nm. Particle size was confirmed by HRTEM images. The optical studies response for the nanoparticles showed the possible visible absorption peaks for TiO2 nanoparticles are 323 nm. Bandgap energy (Eg) of the TiO2 nanoparticle calculated from UV visible absorption spectra is discussed, and the bandgap is 3.14 eV. FTIR spectra showed vibration bands of the Ti-O network. AC Conductivity properties of TiO2 nanoparticles are studied in the frequency range 1 to 8 MHz at varying temperatures. The conductivity of the TiO2 nanoparticle is found to be constant in the low angular frequency region. Dielectric parameters were analyzed at different temperatures and frequencies.                     KEY WORDS: Conductivity, Dielectric, Nanoparticles, Titanium dioxide, Structural studies   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(1), 151-160. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i1.13

Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Intestinal Absorption of Glucose by Ex Vivo Everted Rat Gut Sac Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 4586-4595
Author(s):  
Yun Wang ◽  
Zhangjian Chen ◽  
Shi Chen ◽  
Lin Zhuo ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) as food additives were widely found in various foodrelated products, especially in high-sugar foods. The daily intake of TiO2 NPs in the diet may therefore expose the small intestine to TiO2 NPs and affect its physiological functions, including the absorption of nutrients. It is speculated that TiO2 may cause serious health hazards by increasing sugar uptake. To explore this possibility, transport of glucose from small intestine was studied using an everted gut sac model prepared from small intestine of young healthy male SD rats. The translocation of TiO2 NPs and the morphological changes of small intestine were also observed after exposure of intestinal lumen to TiO2 NPs for 2 h. The results showed that TiO2 NPs can enter into enterocyte but hardly cross the intestinal epithelium. No change on microstructure of gut epithelia and expression of glucose transporter was found, and there is no obvious impact on intestinal absorption and metabolism of glucose. These results suggest that short-term exposure to TiO2 NPs has little influence on intestinal absorption of glucose. More attention should be paid to the chronic effect of dietary consumption of TiO2 NPs on nutrient absorption.

scholarly journals Exposure effects of the UV-filter 4-MBC to "Solea senegalensis" metamorphosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Araújo ◽  
Amadeu Soares ◽  
Marta Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Solea Senegalensis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Many personal care products integrate UV-filters, such as 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) which has been detected in aquatic habitats. Possible effects of 4-MBC to aquatic organisms have been poorly studied. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to study the effects of 4-MBC exposure to Solea senegalensis during metamorphosis, a sensitive life stage of this flatfish. To achieve this, at the beginning of metamorphosis (13 days after hatching, dah) fish were exposed to 4-MBC (0.2–2.0 mg L− 1) for 48 h. After this period, fish were transferred to clean medium and were fed and maintained until more than 80% of fish in control group completed the metamorphosis (24 dah). Mortality, malformations and metamorphosis progression were studied on a daily basis. In addition, growth, behavior and biochemical markers of neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase, AChE), oxidative stress (catalase, CAT; glutathione S-transferase, GST, and lipid peroxidation, LPO) and anaerobic metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) were determined at the end of the experiment. An acceleration of metamorphosis progression was observed during and 2 days after the 4-MBC exposure in all concentrations tested. In addition, decreased length, inhibition of CAT activity and induction of oxidative damage (LOEC = 0.928 mg L− 1 4-MBC for length, CAT and LPO) were observed. A short-term exposure to 4-MBC at the onset of metamorphosis, a critical period of development, affected S. senegalensis at several levels of organization, even after nine days in clean medium, including growth and metamorphosis progression, suggesting possible long-term adverse effects to this species.

Oral, short-term exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in Sprague-Dawley rat: focus on reproductive and endocrine systems and spleen

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Tassinari ◽  
Francesco Cubadda ◽  
Gabriele Moracci ◽  
Federica Aureli ◽  
Marilena D’Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rat ◽  
Short Term Exposure

scholarly journals Diminishing toxicity of P25 TiO2 NPs during continuous exposure to freshwater algae Chlorella

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Zhang ◽  
Xuankun Li ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
Lihui Pu ◽  
Sihao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Algal Cell ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Industrial Manufacture ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Nano Titanium Dioxide

Abstract Nano-titanium dioxide (Nano-TiO2) has been widely used in industrial manufacture and life science field due to its excellent physical and chemical properties in the past few decades, which makes it inevitably released into the aquatic environment. In freshwater ecosystem, Chlorella is the most commonly used species to study the effect brought by metal oxide nanoparticles. In this work, both the short term and long term effect of P25 TiO2 on Chlorella were investigated. Here, we found that Nano-TiO2 would cause serious damage to chlorella in a short period of time, as confirmed by oxidative stress and algal cell morphology. However, different from the short-term condition, the damaging effect was gradually weakened along with the prolongation of exposure time of chlorella to Nano-TiO2 and the final observed inhibition rate of biomass was nearly zero. In addition, the other important finding of this work is that extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) has remarkably protective effect on algae cells. Algae cells with EPS removed were more vulnerable to nano titanium dioxide and exhibited more difficulties in returning back to normal growth compared with normal algae cells, which might be related to the attachment of nanoparticles to the cell surface.

scholarly journals Cerium oxide nanoparticles induced physio-biochemical, neurochemical, and morphological responses in Cirrhinus mrigala during short term exposure

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Kalpesh Swamy ◽  
Naveenkumar Chandrashekar ◽  
Raghunandhakumar Subramanian ◽  
Sandya Sukumaran ◽  
Sharath Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Different Doses

Cerium oxide nanoparticle (CeO2NPs) has wide applications in pharmaceutical, biomedical and chemical industries. Albeit of their uses, bioavailability followed by toxicity of CeO2NPs in fresh water fishes, are yet to be understood in detail. In this evaluation, we have synthesized, characterized and assessed the biological effects (hematology, ionoregulatory, oxidative stress, histological and glutamate indices) of CeO2NPs at different doses (2.5mg/L and 25mg/L based on 1/10th LC50) on freshwater carps Cirrhinus mrigala, for short term exposure of 96 h. Impact of CeO2NPs at low concentration (2.5mg/L) confirmed a significant decrease in hematological parameters and also affecting serum Na+, Cl-, K+ levels along with gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity. The indicated variations oxidative stress enzymes superoxide dismutase, Catalase, glutathione peroxidase with relative elevation in lipid peroxidation (LPO) (22.47±0.198) compared to control groups. CeO2NPs at high concentration (25mg/L) revealed the alterations in neurotransmitter glutamate levels compared to control groups. Rise in glucose and decrease in plasma protein levels in response to both the concentrations was noted. Microscopic observations confirmed the tissue damages and alterations in gill architecture. By integrating all results obtained by short term exposure of juvenile carps to CeO2NPs at different doses, we reported nanoparticles have considerable deleterious effects on physiological and morphological condition of fishes.

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