scholarly journals Mortality and movement of Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Rhyzopertha dominica in response to cooling in 300-kg grain bulks

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Y. Abdelghany ◽  
Paul G. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Grain Bulks

scholarly journals Mobility of Stored Product Beetles after Exposure to a Combination Insecticide Containing Deltamethrin, Methoprene, and a Piperonyl Butoxide Synergist Depends on Species, Concentration, and Exposure Time

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Arthur ◽  
Christos G. Athanassiou ◽  
W. Robert Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
Exposure Interval ◽  
Grain Protectant ◽  
The Relationship

Adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the lesser grain borer, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), the rusty grain beetle, and Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil, were exposed for 1, 24, and 72 h on wheat treated with concentrations of 0% (untreated controls) to 100% of the proposed label rate of an experimental formulation of deltamethrin + Methoprene + piperonyl butoxide synergist. Movement and velocity of movement were assessed after each exposure time using a camera-based monitoring system (Ethovision®). Movement of R. dominica decreased with increasing concentration and exposure time, so that movement had virtually ceased at the 48 and 72 h exposures. Cryptolestes ferrugineus was less susceptible compared to R. dominica, but there was still a general pattern of decreased movement and velocity of movement with increasing concentration and exposure time. Sitophilus oryzae was the least susceptible species, with less differences at the 1 h exposure interval compared to the other two species, but after 24–72 h, the patterns of declining movement and velocity were apparent as the concentration increased. Data were analyzed using curve-fit equations to show the relationship between concentration and exposure time for each species. Results show that the Ethovison system can be used to assess the sub-lethal effects of exposure to grain protectant insecticides and elucidate behavioral variation between different stored product insects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Greek Diatomaceous Earth for Stored Product Insect Control and Techniques That Maximize Its Insecticidal Efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6441
Author(s):  
Georgia V. Baliota ◽  
Christos G. Athanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Confused Flour Beetle ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of a diatomaceous earth deposit from Greece, for a wide range of stored product insects. In this context, populations of five different insect species, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin DuVal, the confused flour beetle; Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil; Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the lesser grain borer; Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), the sawtoothed grain beetle; Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), the rusty grain beetle, which cover a major spectrum of insects species of stored products worldwide, were used in the bioassays. The different treatment of diatomaceous earth (DE) rocks (grinding, diatomaceous enrichment, powder granulometry) led to the creation of five types of formulations (namely DE1, DE2, DE3, DE5 and DE6) that exhibited significant fluctuations in their insecticidal efficacy when applied on wheat. In general, some of the modified formulations were found to be very effective against species such as R. dominica and T. confusum that may be difficult to control at the current labeled doses of commercial DE formulations. Overall, our data clearly indicate that this specific Greek deposit has considerable insecticidal properties, which can be further utilized in designing commercial formulations for insect control at the postharvest stages of durable agricultural commodities, provided that the deposit will be modified at specific enrichment and granulometry levels.

Changes in stored-wheat ecosystems infested with two combinations of insect species

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1524-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. G. White ◽  
R. N. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Multiple Species

The consequences of infestation of bulk-stored wheat by multiple species of insects were determined for 60 weeks at 30 ± 2 °C. Eight 204-L drums containing wheat at 15.5% moisture content were used as three distinct systems: (I) Control system (two drums), insect free; (II) RST system (three drums), infested with the grouping of Rhyzopertha dominica F., Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst); and (III) COT system (three drums), infested with the grouping of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), and T. castaneum. At triweekly intervals carbon dioxide, oxygen, temperature, grain moisture, seed damage, grain weight, dust weight, fat acidity values (FAV), seed germination, microflora, and the numbers of insects and the mite Tarsonemus granarius Lindquist were measured. Seeds died by week 15 and bacterial infection on them increased in all systems. The seed FAVs in the RST system peaked by week 30 and then declined steadily while these values were increasing continuously in the Control and levelling off in the COT systems. Insects multiplied exponentially for 6–15 weeks and then declined sharply or maintained oscillating populations; Sitophilus and Oryzaephilus were unable to survive in the presence of the other insects.

The locomotor activity of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera:Cucujidae) in wheat

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Watters
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Storage Fungi ◽  
Grain Bulks ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Moisture content was the factor that most affected locomotor activity of Cryptolestes ferrugineus in wheat at 15°, 22°, and 28 °C. More insects emigrated from dry than from damp wheat; accelerated emigration from damp wheat after 4 days at 28° was attributed to the growth of storage fungi, primarily Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. Emigration was not different at insect densities ranging from 5 to 50 insects per 98 g of wheat.C. ferrugineus was positively geotactic except in wheat which had been previously infested. Emigration was stimulated in daylight and by continuous illumination, but was depressed in darkness.Starved insects were less active than unstarved insects in dry wheat, but both groups were equally active in damp wheat. Insects were more active in dry than in damp wheat, but activity did not differ when both wheats were cracked to provide more accessible feeding sites. Locomotor activity in moldy wheat was related to preconditioning; more insects preconditioned for 3 days in dry wheat remained in moldy wheat than did those preconditioned for 3 days on damp wheat.The results suggest that insects concentrate in damp or cracked wheat because they can feed, oviposit, and develop more readily than is possible in dry wheat. Thus, in grain bulks C. ferrugineus tends to disperse in dry regions and to concentrate in moister regions.

Bioenergetics of granivorous beetles, Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Cucujidae and Bostrichidae)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Campbell ◽  
R. N. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Growth ◽  
White Powder ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Lesser Grain Borer ◽  
Wheat Kernels ◽  
Food Consumed

The weights and caloric values of insects and exuviae, the food consumed and egested, and oxygen respired were estimated at regular intervals for all stages of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, reared on wheat kernels. Immature stages assimilated between 66 and 79% of the food consumed and the proportion of assimilated energy converted into tissue growth increased from 3 to 23% during development. Similar observations were made for the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, but the food consumed and egested was not measured because much of the kernel chewed by this insect was not ingested, leaving a frass of white powder difficult to separate from the rejecta. For R. dominica a maximum of 38% of the energy assimilated during development was converted into tissue. Adults of both species used most energy to produce eggs. The net efficiencies of the use of energy for reproduction are higher in some stored-product beetles whose populations increase more rapidly than those which increase more slowly.

Migration of stored-grain insect pests from a small wheat bulk

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (125) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Sinclair ◽  
J Alder
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Grain Bulks ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Cryptolestes Pusillus

One hundred unsexed adults of each of the following coleopterous species were added to 27 .3 kg of clean wheat: Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (rice weevil), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (lesser grain borer), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (rust-red flour beetle), and the flat grain beetles Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr), C. ferrugineus (Stephens), and C. pusilloides (Steele and Howe). For 15 months, measurements were made of population size and emigration from this wheat bulk. The highest populations recorded for each species were: 138 850, 65 680, 9 060, 47 000, 15 530, 11 940, respectively, and total emigrant numbers during the period were: 774 682, 278 094, 123 784, 335 588, 39 070, 9 352, respectively. Such high numbers of emigrants in relation to relatively low source populations emphasize the significance of small amounts of infested grain as sources of infestation of large grain bulks, and hence the importance of grain hygiene. The proportion of females in the populations of four species changed significantly from 0.50 as populations developed. Emigration behaviour was influenced most commonly by temperature, insect numbers, and wheat age, but these factors did not act uniformly on all species. Negligible numbers of emigrants returned to the food source. Low numbers caught in food traps away from the source were consistent with these not being attractive but traps near the shed walls caught greater numbers than expected.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of carbon dioxide in compressed gas or solid formulation for the control of insects and mites in stored wheat and barley

2005 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.D.G. White ◽  
D.S. Jayas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Compressed Gas ◽  
Grain Bulks

Carbon dioxide can be used as an effective stored-grain fumigant in relatively air-tight bins. Carbon dioxide was added to wheat (Triticum aestivum) as a compressed gas and to barley (Hordeum vulgare) as a solid (dry ice) in 322-kg grain bulks. Wheat was stored at temperature decreasing from 18 to 10°C over a 12-wk period. Bins were left open, sealed without C02 added, or with C02 supplemented at 25,34, and 46% levels. Barley was stored at temperature decreasing from 25 to 20°C over an 8-wk period. Bins were left open, sealed without C02 added, or with C02 treatments of 23, 29, and 34%. The wheat and barley moisture content were 14.5-16.3% and 14.5-16.1%, respectively. Oxygen levels in the wheat reflected air displacement with C02, but lower O2 levels in the barley reflected a combination of air displacement by C02 and consumption of O2 by respiring grain and microorganisms at the warmer temperatures. The insects Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Tribolium castaneum were controlled in 2 wk at 34% C02 and 15% O2 at temperature decreasing from 18 to 10°C, or 29% C02 and 3% O2 at temperature decreasing from 25 to 20°C. The mites Tarsonemus granarius, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Aeroglyphus robustus were killed in less than 2 wk at these C02 levels. Seed germination and microflora were unaffected by all gaseous environments.

INSECTS IN STORED CEREALS, AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH FARMING PRACTICES IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. Madrid ◽  
N.D.G. White ◽  
S.R. Loschiavo
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Grain Bulks ◽  
Sampling Times

AbstractOne or more insects were captured during 1 week in probe traps placed in granaries holding wheat, barley, or oats in 51% (n = 116) of grain bulks in the fall of 1986, 88% (n = 111) in the summer of 1987, and 85% (n = 106) in the fall of 1987. Fungivorous insects were the most common and predominant group at all sampling times. Granivorous species were the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), and the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Grain in galvanized steel and wooden granaries was usually infested with insects to the same extent; granaries with or without aeration systems usually contained the same number of species; small bulks of grain often were infested less frequently than large bulks; the presence of livestock feed on farms did not result in greater insect incidence; and insecticide use in granaries did not prevent re-infestation of grain and insecticide use increased from 24% in 1986 to 31% in the fall of 1987. The kinds of insects detected in grain stored with various farming practices, and co-occurrence with other arthropods in the grain provides baseline information on potentially changing patterns of infestation.

SURVIVAL AND MULTIPLICATION OF STORED-PRODUCT BEETLES AT SIMULATED AND ACTUAL WINTER TEMPERATURES

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Fields ◽  
N.D.G. White
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Overwintering Mortality ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Cryptolestes Pusillus

AbstractCryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), Cryptolestes pusillus (Schönherr), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) were gradually exposed to falling temperatures in the laboratory, simulating conditions in the centre of a 12- or 6-m-diameter granary containing wheat. Two years of overwintering mortality for C. ferrugineus and R. dominica were obtained from 11–13 farm granaries (40–100 t wheat). Cryptolestes ferrugineus (adults) was the most cold hardy species among the beetles tested. In the laboratory, survival was 40% at 25 °C declining to 10 °C over10 months, whereas at 25 °C declining to 0 °C over 10 months survival was 7%. Cryptolestes pusillus and T. castaneum did not survive once temperatures were below 10 °C, and R. dominica adults did not survive temperatures below 3 °C. In the field, there was no survival of C. ferrugineus in granaries that had February temperatures of −6.7 °C or lower. Six-week exposure to −10 °C killed most C. ferrugineus adults taken from granaries in February. Cryptolestes ferrugineus caught in granaries were more cold hardy than laboratory-reared strains. No T. castaneum or R. dominica survived an entire winter in granaries in the 2 years tested. Although C. pusillus was not tested in the granaries, it is unlikely it could survive the winter, as it had the same level of cold tolerance as T. castaneum in the laboratory. The implications for the population dynamics of these pest species in prairie grain are discussed.

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