Facilitated attentional disengagement from hair-related cues among individuals diagnosed with trichotillomania: An investigation based on the exogenous cueing paradigm

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Joo Lee ◽  
Shana A. Franklin ◽  
Jennifer E. Turkel ◽  
Amy R. Goetz ◽  
Douglas W. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
Exogenous Cueing

Facilitated Attentional Disengagement from Negative Information in Relation to Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms of Dutch Female Undergraduate Students

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. M. van Deurzen ◽  
Dorine I. E. Slaats-Willemse ◽  
Jan K. Buitelaar ◽  
Jeffrey Roelofs ◽  
Mike Rinck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
Exogenous Cueing ◽  
Cueing Task ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Presentation Time ◽  
Negative Stimuli

Prior research has shown that depressive symptoms are associated with an enhanced attention toward negative stimuli and difficulty of disengaging attention from negative stimuli. The current study was an extension of a 2005 study by Koster and colleagues. A different stimulus presentation time and word set were used. The whole range of depressive symptoms was included in this sample instead of creating dichotomized groups. The Exogenous Cueing Task with negative, positive, and neutral cues was administered to 85 female undergraduate university students. Participants completed the Beck's Depression Inventory-II–NL questionnaire to measure self-reported depression. Contrary to previous findings, depressive symptoms were related to a facilitated rather than impaired attentional disengagement from negative stimuli. An explanation for the discrepancy with findings from Koster, et al. may be the different stimulus presentation time (1,000 msec. instead of 500 or 1,500 msec).

scholarly journals Increased Attentional Control for Emotional Distractors Moderates the use of Reflective Pondering in Times of Life Stress: A Prospective Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie–Anne Vanderhasselt ◽  
Ernst H. W. Koster ◽  
Liesbet Goubert ◽  
Rudi De Raedt
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
Exogenous Cueing ◽  
Disengagement Theory ◽  
A Prospective Study

According to the response styles theory, rumination is a cognitive response to a stressor with repetitive and self–focused attention on a negative mood state. The attentional disengagement theory highlights that attentional processes are critical, underlying individual differences in ruminative thinking, such as reflective pondering and depressive brooding. Using a prospective design, the current study sought to determine whether attentional control for negative material was differently associated with brooding and reflection upon life stress. Spanning a period of three months, 76 never depressed undergraduate students completed a baseline measurement of attentional bias by using an emotional modification of the exogenous cueing task (T1) and subsequently, six weeks after T1, completed Internet questionnaires during their final examinations at four weekly fixed moments (T2–T5). Data were analysed with a series of multilevel regression analyses. Results revealed that the relation between stress and the use of reflective pondering is stronger when participants allocate less attention to emotional information (negative and positive stimuli). On the other hand, attentional control did not moderate the relation between stress and depressive brooding. On the basis of the current research findings, it might be important to train attentional control to disengage from emotional distractors, which in turn may increase the use of more self–controlling thinking in response to stress. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Attentional Bias Among Adolescents Who Stutter: Evidence for a Vigilance–Avoidance Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 3349-3363
Author(s):  
Naomi H. Rodgers ◽  
Jennifer Y. F. Lau ◽  
Patricia M. Zebrowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
High Social Anxiety

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine group and individual differences in attentional bias toward and away from socially threatening facial stimuli among adolescents who stutter and age- and sex-matched typically fluent controls. Method Participants included 86 adolescents (43 stuttering, 43 controls) ranging in age from 13 to 19 years. They completed a computerized dot-probe task, which was modified to allow for separate measurement of attentional engagement with and attentional disengagement from facial stimuli (angry, fearful, neutral expressions). Their response time on this task was the dependent variable. Participants also completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and provided a speech sample for analysis of stuttering-like behaviors. Results The adolescents who stutter were more likely to engage quickly with threatening faces than to maintain attention on neutral faces, and they were also more likely to disengage quickly from threatening faces than to maintain attention on those faces. The typically fluent controls did not show any attentional preference for the threatening faces over the neutral faces in either the engagement or disengagement conditions. The two groups demonstrated equivalent levels of social anxiety that were both, on average, very close to the clinical cutoff score for high social anxiety, although degree of social anxiety did not influence performance in either condition. Stuttering severity did not influence performance among the adolescents who stutter. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence for a vigilance–avoidance pattern of attentional allocation to threatening social stimuli among adolescents who stutter.

Signals for threat modulate attentional capture and holding: Fear-conditioning and extinction during the exogenous cueing task

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Koster ◽  
Geert Crombez ◽  
Stefaan Van Damme ◽  
Bruno Verschuere ◽  
Jan De Houwer
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Attentional Capture ◽  
Exogenous Cueing ◽  
Cueing Task

The early attentional pancake: Lack of selection in depth for rapid exogenous cueing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Edward O'Donnell ◽  
Kyrie Murawski ◽  
Ella Herrmann ◽  
Jesse Wisch ◽  
Garrett D. Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Binocular Disparity ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Exogenous Cueing ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Depth Cueing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Attentional Selectivity

There have been conflicting findings on the degree to which exogenous/reflexive visual attention is selective for depth, and this issue has important implications for attention models. Previous findings have attempted to find depth-based cueing effects on such attention using reaction time measures for stimuli presented in stereo goggles with a display screen. Results stemming from such approaches have been mixed, depending on whether target/distractor discrimination was required. To help clarify the existence of such depth effects, we have developed a paradigm that measures accuracy rather than reaction time in an immersive virtual-reality environment, providing a more appropriate context of depth. Four modified Posner Cueing paradigms were run to test for depth-specific attentional selectivity. Participants fixated a cross while attempting to identify a rapidly masked letter that was preceded by a cue that could be valid in depth and side, depth only, or side only. In Experiment 1, a potent cueing effect was found for side validity and a weak effect was found for depth. Experiment 2 controlled for differences in cue and target sizes when presented at different depths, which caused the depth validity effect to disappear entirely even though participants were explicitly asked to report depth and the difference in virtual depth was extreme (20 vs 300 meters). Experiments 3a and 3b brought the front depth plane even closer (1 m) to maximize effects of binocular disparity, but no reliable depth cueing validity was observed. Thus, it seems that rapid/exogenous attention pancakes 3-dimensional space into a 2-dimensional reference frame.

scholarly journals Attentional biases in depression: Relation to disorder severity, rumination, and anhedonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Krings ◽  
Alexandre Heeren ◽  
Philippe Fontaine ◽  
Sylvie Blairy
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Exogenous Cueing ◽  
Clinically Depressed ◽  
The One

Introduction: According to cognitive models of depression, selective attentional biases (ABs) for mood-congruent information are core vulnerability factors of depression maintenance. However, findings concerning the presence of these biases in depression are mixed. This study aims to clarify the presence of these ABs among individuals with clinical and subclinical depression. Method: We compared three groups based on a semi-structured diagnostic interview and a depressive symptoms scale (BDI-II): 34 individuals with major depressive disorder (clinically depressed); 35 with a dysphoric mood but without the criteria of major depressive disorder (i.e., subclinically depressed), and 26 never been depressed individuals. We examined AB for sad and happy materials in three modified versions of the exogenous cueing task using scenes, facial expressions, and words. Brooding, anhedonia, and anxiety were also evaluated. Results: In contrast to our hypotheses, there were no ABs for negative or positive information, regardless of the task and the groups. Neither the association between AB toward negative information and brooding nor the one between AB away from positive stimuli and anhedonia was significant. Bayes factors analyses revealed that the present pattern of findings does not result from a lack of statistical power.Discussion: Our results raise questions about how common AB is in depression. From a theoretical point of view, because individuals with depression did not exhibit AB, our results also seemingly challenge the claim that AB figures prominently in the maintenance of depression. We believe the present null results to be particularly useful for future meta-research in the field.

scholarly journals Just walk away: Gaze aversions as an overt attentional disengagement mechanism

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Dekel Abeles ◽  
Shlomit Yuval-Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Walk Away ◽  
Attentional Disengagement
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