scholarly journals Increased Attentional Control for Emotional Distractors Moderates the use of Reflective Pondering in Times of Life Stress: A Prospective Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie–Anne Vanderhasselt ◽  
Ernst H. W. Koster ◽  
Liesbet Goubert ◽  
Rudi De Raedt
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
Exogenous Cueing ◽  
Disengagement Theory ◽  
A Prospective Study

According to the response styles theory, rumination is a cognitive response to a stressor with repetitive and self–focused attention on a negative mood state. The attentional disengagement theory highlights that attentional processes are critical, underlying individual differences in ruminative thinking, such as reflective pondering and depressive brooding. Using a prospective design, the current study sought to determine whether attentional control for negative material was differently associated with brooding and reflection upon life stress. Spanning a period of three months, 76 never depressed undergraduate students completed a baseline measurement of attentional bias by using an emotional modification of the exogenous cueing task (T1) and subsequently, six weeks after T1, completed Internet questionnaires during their final examinations at four weekly fixed moments (T2–T5). Data were analysed with a series of multilevel regression analyses. Results revealed that the relation between stress and the use of reflective pondering is stronger when participants allocate less attention to emotional information (negative and positive stimuli). On the other hand, attentional control did not moderate the relation between stress and depressive brooding. On the basis of the current research findings, it might be important to train attentional control to disengage from emotional distractors, which in turn may increase the use of more self–controlling thinking in response to stress. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Facilitated Attentional Disengagement from Negative Information in Relation to Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms of Dutch Female Undergraduate Students

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. M. van Deurzen ◽  
Dorine I. E. Slaats-Willemse ◽  
Jan K. Buitelaar ◽  
Jeffrey Roelofs ◽  
Mike Rinck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
Exogenous Cueing ◽  
Cueing Task ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Presentation Time ◽  
Negative Stimuli

Prior research has shown that depressive symptoms are associated with an enhanced attention toward negative stimuli and difficulty of disengaging attention from negative stimuli. The current study was an extension of a 2005 study by Koster and colleagues. A different stimulus presentation time and word set were used. The whole range of depressive symptoms was included in this sample instead of creating dichotomized groups. The Exogenous Cueing Task with negative, positive, and neutral cues was administered to 85 female undergraduate university students. Participants completed the Beck's Depression Inventory-II–NL questionnaire to measure self-reported depression. Contrary to previous findings, depressive symptoms were related to a facilitated rather than impaired attentional disengagement from negative stimuli. An explanation for the discrepancy with findings from Koster, et al. may be the different stimulus presentation time (1,000 msec. instead of 500 or 1,500 msec).

Silent but Damaging: Exploring the Link Between Air Pollution and Vocational and General Well-Being

2021 ◽  
pp. 106907272110543
Author(s):  
Yeseul Jo ◽  
Jeong Won Lee ◽  
Dongseop Lee
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Lower State

Air pollution has become a daunting challenge with the potential to endanger people’s lives across the globe. However, little is known about the psychological and vocational implications of air pollution. Drawing on feeling-as-information theory, we investigate the within-person relationships of ambient air pollution with vocational and general well-being outcomes (i.e., career choice anxiety and state optimism) through the mediating mechanism of mood state. We tested our hypotheses using an experience sampling method (ESM) with survey data from 67 undergraduate students in South Korea collected over 10 consecutive days. Results showed that daily ambient air pollution predicted higher career choice anxiety and lower state optimism via an increased negative mood. Furthermore, the indirect relation of air pollution with career choice anxiety was found to be stronger for individuals with lower family socioeconomic status. In a supplementary study, we interviewed 16 undergraduate students in South Korea to explain the ESM results in greater depth. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as study limitations, are discussed.

The Role of Gender and Sensation Seeking in Film Choice

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita C. Banerjee ◽  
Kathryn Greene ◽  
Marina Krcmar ◽  
Zhanna Bagdasarov ◽  
Dovile Ruginyte
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Happy Mood

This study demonstrates the significance of individual difference factors, particularly gender and sensation seeking, in predicting media choice (examined through hypothetical descriptions of films that participants anticipated they would view). This study used a 2 (Positive mood/negative mood) × 2 (High arousal/low arousal) within-subject design with 544 undergraduate students recruited from a large northeastern university in the United States. Results showed that happy films and high arousal films were preferred over sad films and low-arousal films, respectively. In terms of gender differences, female viewers reported a greater preference than male viewers for happy-mood films. Also, male viewers reported a greater preference for high-arousal films compared to female viewers, and female viewers reported a greater preference for low-arousal films compared to male viewers. Finally, high sensation seekers reported a preference for high-arousal films. Implications for research design and importance of exploring media characteristics are discussed.

scholarly journals Maternal Depression, Child Temperament, and Early-Life Stress Predict Never-Depressed Preadolescents’ Functional Connectivity During a Negative-Mood Induction

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262110164
Author(s):  
Pan Liu ◽  
Matthew R. J. Vandermeer ◽  
Ola Mohamed Ali ◽  
Andrew R. Daoust ◽  
Marc F. Joanisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Cingulate Cortex

Understanding the development of depression can inform etiology and prevention/intervention. Maternal depression and maladaptive patterns of temperament (e.g., low positive emotionality [PE] or high negative emotionality, especially sadness) are known to predict depression. Although it is unclear how these risks cause depression, altered functional connectivity (FC) during negative-emotion processing may play an important role. We investigated whether maternal depression and age-3 emotionality predicted FC during negative mood reactivity in never-depressed preadolescents and whether these relationships were augmented by early-life stress. Maternal depression predicted decreased medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)–amygdala and mPFC–insula FC but increased mPFC–posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) FC. PE predicted increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex–amygdala FC, whereas sadness predicted increased PCC-based FC in insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Sadness was more strongly associated with PCC–insula and PCC–ACC FC as early stress increased. Findings indicate that early depression risks may be mediated by FC underlying negative-emotion processing.

Effects of Life Stress and Dysphoria on Complex Judgments

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1355-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Subjective Distress ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Two Indices

A sparse literature concerning the effects of stress on judgment and decision making has produced two tentative conclusions: (1) stress impairs judgment and (2) such impairment is often the result of the narrowing of a judge's focus of attention. While evidence supportive of these propositions exists, there have also been contradictory findings. This investigation attempted to address both of these issues. 98 undergraduate students completed a complex multiple-cue judgment task and were also assessed as to (a) their exposure to two potential sources of stress (life events and irrational thinking) and (b) the amount of personal dysphoria they were experiencing. Two indices of subjective distress, depression and state anxiety, were significantly related to poor judgmental performance. None of several indices of potential stressors confirmed a relationship, which suggests that possible external sources of stress do not negatively affect judgment unless they generate subjective distress at the time judgments are made. There was no support for the “narrowing” hypothesis.

Impact on parents of feeding young children with congenital or acquired cardiac disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 574-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Imms
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Negative Mood State ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Disease ◽  
Culturally Based ◽  
Emerging Themes

AbstractFeeding an infant is an interactive process that facilitates social, emotional and culturally based skills. Children with congenital or acquired cardiac disease frequently require supportive regimes with regard to feeding so as to maintain weight, resulting in altered experiences for both the child and family. This study evaluated the practical, emotional and social ramifications for parents, of having a child with cardiac disease who also experienced difficulties with oral feeding. The study sampled three groups of parents who had children less than 3 years of age: those with cardiac disease who had difficulty in feeding, those with cardiac disease and no such difficulty, and those with no medical diagnosis. Parents completed a questionnaire about feeding, a time diary of activities involved in feeding, and Tuckman's Mood Thermometers, which measure anger and ‘poorness-of-mood’ associated with feeding the identified child. Parents of children with cardiac disease and a feeding difficulty reported a significantly more negative mood-state, and significantly longer time associated with feeding, than parents of children in the other two groups. Emerging themes from qualitative analysis of the data suggested that having a child with congenital cardiac disease producing difficulty in feeding had a strong negative impact on the whole family.

scholarly journals Dogs are more pessimistic if their owners use two or more aversive training methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Casey ◽  
Maria Naj-Oleari ◽  
Sarah Campbell ◽  
Michael Mendl ◽  
Emily J. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Negative Mood State ◽  
Judgement Bias ◽  
Welfare Implications

AbstractDomestic dogs are trained using a range of different methods, broadly categorised as reward based (positive reinforcement/negative punishment) and aversive based (positive punishment/negative reinforcement). Previous research has suggested associations between use of positive punishment-based techniques and undesired behaviours, but there is little research investigating the relative welfare consequences of these different approaches. This study used a judgement bias task to compare the underlying mood state of dogs whose owners reported using two or more positive punishment/negative reinforcement based techniques, with those trained using only positive reinforcement/negative punishment in a matched pair study design. Dogs were trained to discriminate between rewarded and unrewarded locations equidistant from a start box, and mean latencies recorded. Their subsequent latency to intermediate ‘ambiguous’ locations was recorded as an indication of whether these were perceived as likely to contain food or not. Dogs trained using aversive methods were slower to all ambiguous locations. This difference was significant for latency to the middle (Wilcoxon Z = − 2.380, P = 0.017), and near positive (Wilcoxon Z = − 2.447, P = 0.014) locations, suggesting that dogs trained using coercive methods may have a more negative mood state, and hence that there are welfare implications of training dogs using such methods.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF EMOTIONAL CAPITAL ACROSS THE LIFESPAN: WHY THE LITTLE MOMENTS IN MARRIAGE MATTER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S284-S284
Author(s):  
Lisa Neff ◽  
Courtney Walsh ◽  
Jennifer Beer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Relationship Length ◽  
Emotional Capital ◽  
Partner Behaviors

Abstract Throughout a marriage, couples will share countless ordinary moments together, such as laughing together or engaging in leisure activities. Although these moments may seem trivial in isolation, research suggests that accumulating small positive moments together helps couples build emotional capital, which serves as an essential resource for protecting marriages from the harmful consequences of relationship challenges. This study explored whether emotional capital may buffer couples not only from the negative effects of relational stressors, but also from the negative effects of life stressors encountered outside the relationship in a sample of younger (age 30-45) and older (age 60+) married couples. Drawing from theories of socioemotional expertise, we also examined whether the buffering effects of emotional capital may be stronger for older adults. One hundred forty-five couples completed a 21-day daily diary task assessing shared positive experiences with the partner, negative partner behaviors, marital satisfaction, life stress, and mood. Spouses who generally accrued more shared positive moments with their partner across the diary days maintained greater marital satisfaction on days of greater partner negativity compared to spouses who accrued fewer positive moments. Moreover, spouses who generally accrued more shared positive moments with their partner across the diary days also reported lower levels of negative mood on days in which they experienced more life stress compared to spouses who accrued fewer shared positive moments; in both cases, the buffering role of emotional capital was significantly stronger for older adults. All results held when adjusting for relationship length and general marital happiness.

scholarly journals The Dual Impact of Early and Concurrent Life Stress on Adults’ Diurnal Cortisol Patterns: A Prospective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan S. Young ◽  
Allison K. Farrell ◽  
Elizabeth A. Carlson ◽  
Michelle M. Englund ◽  
Gregory E. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Childhood Stress ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Cumulative Model

Major life stress often produces a flat diurnal cortisol slope, an indicator of potential long-term health problems. Exposure to stress early in childhood or the accumulation of stress across the life span may be responsible for this pattern. However, the relative impact of life stress at different life stages on diurnal cortisol is unknown. Using a longitudinal sample of adults followed from birth, we examined three models of the effect of stress exposure on diurnal cortisol: the cumulative model, the biological-embedding model, and the sensitization model. As its name implies, the cumulative model focuses on cumulative life stress. In contrast, the biological-embedding model implicates early childhood stress, and the sensitization model posits that current life stress interacts with early life stress to produce flat diurnal cortisol slopes. Our analyses are consistent with the sensitization model, as they indicate that the combination of high stress exposure early in life and high current stress predict flat diurnal cortisol slopes. These novel findings advance understanding of diurnal cortisol patterns and point to avenues for intervention.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document