Drinking water quality: Comparing inorganic components in bottled water and Italian tap water

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Cidu ◽  
Franco Frau ◽  
Paolo Tore
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Inorganic Components

scholarly journals Impacts of temperature alteration on the drinking water quality stored in plastic bottles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkader T. Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Emad ◽  
Mohammed A. Bkary
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Heating Water ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentration Levels

AbstractMany people prefer to drink bottled water instead off the tap water. The bottled water is stored in the plastic bottles sometimes for long time. These plastic bottles might leach out some harmful materials into the water especially when exposed to temperature alteration, which may affect human health. This research work focused on investigating the effect of changing temperature on the bottled water quality. The work studied the effect of heating water in plastic bottles by sun, oven, and microwave. The study included also the impact of cooling and freezing the bottled waters. Results showed that temperature alterations caused changes in some physicochemical properties of bottled waters such as decreasing the values of pH and TDS and increasing levels of fluoride and chloride. In addition, the concentration levels of some physiochemical parameters exceeded the permissible values for drinking water. With temperature alterations, all levels of heavy metals in bottled waters were minimal except some small concentrations of copper and zinc. Results confirmed also differences in behavior between the bottled water brands exposed to the same temperature alterations. Heating bottled waters above 50 °C is alarming problem on the water quality. This is because above this degree, many alternations were observed in the water content. The outcomes of this work are useful for improving the current legislation on bottled waters and their storage.

Survey of Bottled Drinking Water Sold in Canada. Part 1. Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, Aluminum, and Fluoride

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Dabeka ◽  
Henry B S Conacher ◽  
John Salminen ◽  
Gerald R Nixon ◽  
Gunther Riedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Mineral Spring ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Drug Regulations ◽  
Tap Water Quality

Abstract Samples of bottled water (n = 172) offered for sale in Canada were analyzed for lead, cadmium, arsenic, aluminum, and fluoride: means and ranges (μg/g) found were, respectively, 0.0026 (<0.0010- 0.074), 0.00018 (<0.0001-0.0004), 0.0030 (<0.001- 0.048), 0.027 (<0.010-0.568), and 0.543 (<0.050- 5.85). Comparison of levels among mineral waters (n = 64), spring waters (n = 77), and miscellaneous waters (n = 31) indicated appreciable differences only in the case of fluoride. For fluoride, the means and medians (μg/g) for mineral, spring, and miscellaneous waters were 1.179 and 0.455, 0.152 and 0.090, and 0.201 and <0.050, respectively. No samples were found in violation of the tolerances in the Canadian Food and Drug Regulations; however, 1 sample (in a lead-soldered can) contained lead and 15 samples contained fluoride at levels above the limits recommended by the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water (tap-water) Quality.

scholarly journals Icp-Ms Determination of Trace Metals in Drinking Water Sources in Jazan Area, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 06-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Albratty ◽  
Ismail Arbab ◽  
Hassan Alhazmi ◽  
Ibraheem Attafi ◽  
Abdul Al-Rajab
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Icp Ms

Requisite reference facts about essential elements in treated and plastic bottled drinking water is usually mentioned on the products. However, more information is sometime crucial regarding trace elements in treated, bottled and other sources of drinking water such as tap water to evaluate their quality. This study is aimed to evaluate drinking water quality in the main governorates (Jazan, Sabya and Abu Arish) of Jazan province located in the South-Western region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This is the first such study carried out in Jazan city so that the research team can come out with valuable recommendations in the issue. The research team has collected a sum of 68 water samples from different sources comprising hospitals (treated tap water), stations for drinking water treatment (large blue bottles of drinking water) and bottled drinking water (purchased from local markets). Using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the concentrations of 20 elements were determined. The physiochemical parameters of water samples were measured. All parameters were within the recommended limits of the World Health Organization (WHO, 2011) and Gulf Cooperation Council Standardization Organization (GSO, 2008). Trace and major elements were found to be below the standard guideline values , except for uranium in some tap water samples. This preliminary study will significantly improve the awareness and knowledge among the society about the drinking water quality in Jazan area.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality in Schools in a District Area in Hanoi, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863022095967
Author(s):  
Dang The Hung ◽  
Vu Thi Cuc ◽  
Vu Thi Bich Phuong ◽  
Dao Thi Thanh Diu ◽  
Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Taste And Odor

Background: Drinking water quality affects directly human health. Assessment and prevention of water-borne diseases are crucial for primary prevention, especially for children. Objective: The main aim of this study was to investigate the quality of drinking water from tap water in preschools and primary schools in a district area in Hanoi City, Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from August to October 2019. Water samples from tap water of 154 schools in a district area of Hanoi were collected to determine the quality of drinking water. From each school, at least 2 bottles of water samples were collected on the basis of a standard operating procedure (SOP). Each water sample was analyzed for microbial and physicochemical parameters, including Color, Taste and Odor, Turbidity, pH, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonium, Total Iron, Permanganate, Chloride, Hardness, Total Manganese, Sulfate, Arsenic, Coliform, and E.coli, by analytical methods. The obtained values of each parameter were compared with the standard values set by WHO and National Technical Regulation on Domestic Water Quality of Vietnam. Results: All of the schools employed community water system as a main source for drinking water. The results showed that all tested samples were found to be within the standards for some physicochemical properties, including Color, Taste and Odor, Hardness, Chloride, Total Iron (Fe2+ và Fe3+), Total Manganese (Mn), Nitrate (NO3–), Sulfate (SO42–), and Total Arsenic (As). On the other hand, some samples did not meet the allowable limits of the national standard, due to pH (3.9%), Turbidity (0.6%), Nitrite (3.2%), Permanganate (6.5%), and Ammonium (5.8%). Furthermore, the microbial data revealed that the substandard water samples from municipal water systems were contaminated by Coliform (9.7%) and/or E.coli (7.8%). Conclusions and recommendations: Contaminants such as bacterial and chemical agents in to drinking water could be occurred during transport, storage and handling before using by the consumer without regular surveillance. A periodic treatment procedure and monitoring system to keep the level of microbial and chemical contamination of drinking water in schools under control should be performed.

scholarly journals Risk Perception and Bottled Drinking Water Consumption in Istanbul City

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-532
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Network Water ◽  
Tap Water Quality

Parallel to the increase in public concern about the safety of drinking water globally, the demand for bottled water has increased in almost every country. Although tap water is significantly cheaper than bottled water, consumers concerned about the safety of tap water. They still prefer the bottled water despite several checks implemented in tap water networks. The present paper aims to discuss network water quality in the city of Istanbul, Turkey and to present the findings on a related survey conducted by the authors. The survey was conducted with the participation of 980 individuals living in different districts in Istanbul and the findings were assessed to determine the public perception about tap water quality and bottled water consumption especially after the experienced years of drought and water quality concerns. Findings demonstrated that several individuals never drink tap water and certain individuals do not utilize tap water at all. It was found that only 4% in the surveyed group drink tap water without hesitation. Based on survey findings, the abovementioned group was mainly among the lowest income group in the sample. When purchasing bottled water, several individuals preferred the well-known brands. It was found that the most significant reasons for preferring bottled water were the nice taste of the bottled spring water, which was perceived not to exist in tap water. It was concluded that drinking water treatment facilities and regulations are required to cater the future quality demands. Furthermore, it was determined that adequate inspections and controls on network water are necessary.

Drinking Water Quality: Temporary Deviations from Hygienic Standards

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
YuA Novikova ◽  
VN Fedorov ◽  
OS Alenteva ◽  
IO Myasnikov
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Tap Water Quality

Introduction: Current legislation permits a phased achievement of drinking water quality standards by making decisions on temporary deviations from hygienic standards for the period of design, construction, and/or upgrade of water supply facilities. Objective: To substantiate the mechanism for coordinating temporary deviations of concentrations of certain chemicals in drinking water from hygienic standards for the period of implementing measures for water quality improvement. Materials and methods: We applied methods of sanitary and epidemiological expert examination and assessment and the method of system analysis to review and study current regulations, results of laboratory testing of water quality in centralized cold water supply systems for 2011–2019, and action plans of 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation for improvement of tap water quality. Results: We established that violation of hygienic standards was most often registered for aluminum, boron, bromine, iron, silicon, lithium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, and chloroform. Hygienic requirements for tap water quality determine necessary technological solutions to be implemented at water treatment facilities; yet, their implementation requires a certain amount of time and might cause temporary tap water quality deterioration making it necessary to agree with the local bodies in charge of federal sanitary and epidemiological surveillance a phased transition to eliminating threat to public health from poor quality drinking water. Conclusions: The authors propose an algorithm for conducting a risk assessment and a mechanism for decision making on temporary deviations.

scholarly journals Community and household determinants of water quality in coastal Ghana

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. McGarvey ◽  
Justin Buszin ◽  
Holly Reed ◽  
David C. Smith ◽  
Zarah Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Associations between water sources, socio-demographic characteristics and household drinking water quality are described in a representative sample of six coastal districts of Ghana's Central Region. Thirty-six enumeration areas (EAs) were randomly chosen from a representative survey of 90 EAs in rural, semi-urban and urban residence strata. In each EA, 24 households were randomly chosen for water quality sampling and socio-demographic interview. Escherichia coli per 100 ml H2O was quantified using the IDEXX Colilert® system and multi-stage regression models estimated cross-sectional associations between water sources, sanitation and socio-demographic factors. Almost three quarters, 74%, of the households have >2 E. coli /100 ml H2O. Tap water has significantly lower E. coli levels compared with surface or rainwater and well water had the highest levels. Households with a water closet toilet have significantly lower E. coli compared with those using pit latrines or no toilets. Household size is positively associated, and a possessions index is negatively associated, with E. coli. Variations in community and household socio-demographic and behavioural factors are key determinants of drinking water quality. These factors should be included in planning health education associated with investments in water systems.

Water Quality 21 research programme for water supplies in The Netherlands

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. van Dijk ◽  
D. van der Kooij
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total System ◽  
Water Research

The Dutch water companies have commissioned an ambitious 4 year research programme in pursuit of an impeccable drinking water quality, called Quality 21 (Quality for the 21st century). The Dutch approach has always been to safeguard drinking water quality from source to tap by excellent design, operation and research. This drinking water is generally distributed without a disinfectant residual. The Dutch consumers appreciate this concept and have a high confidence in the quality of tap water. The new research programme aims at providing the scientific foundation for future decisions on quality goals and the advantages and limitations of modern water treatment technology, such as membrane filtration and UV/AOP. The goals are to achieve a robust and reliable drinking water infrastructure that will guarantee an impeccable water quality at the tap at all times, also in the future when new threats may emerge. The programme includes studies on water quality goals and total system approach, and experimental research into water treatment, biological stability and (the prevention of) quality deterioration in the distribution network. Important focal points in the research will be the prevention of microbiological problems (including Legionella) in the network and in building installations, the prevention of problems with organic micropollutants such as NDMA, EDCs and pharmaceuticals and the advantages of reducing particles and sediment in the distribution network. The programme will be coordinated by Kiwa Water Research and will be carried out with the water supply companies and in cooperation with universities and other research institutes including the partners of the Global Water Research Coalition.

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