Economics of “essential use exemptions” for metered-dose inhalers under the Montreal Protocol

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. DeCanio ◽  
Catherine S. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Metered Dose

scholarly journals The Ozone Layer and Metered Dose Inhalers

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis-Philippe Boulet
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Phase Out

The stratospheric ozone layer plays a crucial role in protecting living organisms against ultraviolet radiation. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) contained in metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) contribute to ozone depletion and in accordance with theMontreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layerestablished 10 years ago, phase-out strageies have been developed worldwide for this category of agents. Alternatives to CFC-containing inhalers have been developed, such as powder inhalers and those using hydrofluoroalkanes (HFAs) as propellants, which have been shown to be as safe and effective as CFC-containing inhalers and even offer interesting advantages over older inhalers. The transition to non-CFC MDIs requires a major effort to make the new products available and to ensure adequate comparision with the previous ones. It also requires a harmonization of actions taken by industry, government, licencing bodies and patients or health professional associations to ensure adequate information and education to the public and respiratory care providers.

Metered-Dose Inhalers: Mouth Open or Closed?-Reply

JAMA ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Michael J. Tidd
Keyword(s):  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Metered Dose

scholarly journals Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Key Parameters of the Respimat® Spray Inhaler

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Yi Ge ◽  
Zhenbo Tong ◽  
Renjie Li ◽  
Fen Huang ◽  
Jiaqi Yu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Geometric Pattern ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
New Type ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Spray Velocity

Respimat®Soft MistTM is a newly developed spray inhaler. Different from traditional nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers, and dry powder inhalers, this new type of inhaler can produce aerosols with long duration, relatively slow speed, and a high content of fine particles. Investigating the effect of the key geometric parameters of the device on the atomization is of great significance for generic product development and inhaler optimization. In this paper, a laser high-speed camera experimental platform is built, and important parameters such as the geometric pattern and particle size distribution of the Respimat®Soft MistTM are measured. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the volume of fluid method coupled with the Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model are applied to simulate the key geometric parameters of the device. The effects of geometric parameters on the spray velocity distribution and geometric pattern are obtained. The angle of flow collision, the sphere size of the central divider and the length and width of the flow channel show significant impacts on the spray atomization.

METERED-DOSE INHALERS: DO HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS KNOW WHAT TO TEACH?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-260
Author(s):  
Allen A. Adinoff
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Respiratory Care ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Metered Dose

This study confirms that a large percentage of patients use MDI improperly. It also demonstrates a significant lack of understanding by health care providers of the proper use of MDI. Furthermore, this study supports the use of respiratory care practitioners in the outpatient setting, since they were the most proficient among all the health care providers in the proper use of MDI.

scholarly journals Newer Effective Treatment for Adult Acute Asthmatics with a Multi-Dose Regimen of Ipratropium Bromide Plus Salbutamol Using Metered Dose Inhalers with a Spacer Device in Emergency Department

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Md. Mamunur Rashid ◽  
Mohammad Murtaza Khair ◽  
Md. Ali Hossain ◽  
Md. Rashidul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Dose Regimen ◽  
Ipratropium Bromide ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Metered Dose

J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 195-200 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i4.14761

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