scholarly journals Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Key Parameters of the Respimat® Spray Inhaler

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Yi Ge ◽  
Zhenbo Tong ◽  
Renjie Li ◽  
Fen Huang ◽  
Jiaqi Yu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Geometric Pattern ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
New Type ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Spray Velocity

Respimat®Soft MistTM is a newly developed spray inhaler. Different from traditional nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers, and dry powder inhalers, this new type of inhaler can produce aerosols with long duration, relatively slow speed, and a high content of fine particles. Investigating the effect of the key geometric parameters of the device on the atomization is of great significance for generic product development and inhaler optimization. In this paper, a laser high-speed camera experimental platform is built, and important parameters such as the geometric pattern and particle size distribution of the Respimat®Soft MistTM are measured. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the volume of fluid method coupled with the Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model are applied to simulate the key geometric parameters of the device. The effects of geometric parameters on the spray velocity distribution and geometric pattern are obtained. The angle of flow collision, the sphere size of the central divider and the length and width of the flow channel show significant impacts on the spray atomization.

scholarly journals Study of pressurised metered dose inhalers for the purpose of standardization of quality attributes characterizing uniformity of dosing

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Elena Bezuglaya ◽  
Nikolay Lyapunov ◽  
Vladimir Bovtenko ◽  
Igor Zinchenko ◽  
Yurij Stolper
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Fine Particle Dose ◽  
Particle Dose ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Delivered Dose

Aim. The purpose was to provide the rationale of test in regard to uniformity of fine particles dose for pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs). Materials and methods. The pMDIs containing suspensions of salbutamol sulfate (SS) or solutions of beclometasone dipropionate (BD) were studied by laser diffraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The particle size distribution of SS, the average dose mass and uniformity of dose mass, the average delivered dose and the uniformity of delivered dose, the average fine particles dose and uniformity of fine particles dose were determined. Apparatus A was used for assessment of fine particles dose. Results. The two analytical procedures for the quantitative determination of SS and BD by HPLC were validated in the ranges with low concentrations of these substances. The 5 medicinal products in pMDI dosage form were studied: 3 preparations were with SS and 2 ones contained BD. It was shown that three products with SS were very similar in regard to particle size distribution in containers and the average values of delivered dose were almost the same, but these products were different in the average dose mass and fine particle dose. According to the research results, the expediency of determining the average dose mass and the tests concerning uniformity of dosing of preparations by dose mass and by fine particle dose was substantiated. It was shown that in the case of pMDI the dosing of solutions of BD was more uniform compared to suspensions of SS. The approaches of leading and other pharmacopoeias concerning uniformity of dosing for pMDIs were critically discussed. The expediency of determination of uniformity of fine particle dose at the stage of pharmaceutical development was substantiated, as the therapeutic effect depends on fine particle dose. Issues concerning standardization pMDIs in regard to uniformity of fine particle dose were discussed. Conclusions. The expediency of standardization and quality control of pMDIs in regard to such attributes as the average dose mass, which characterizes the volume of the metering chamber of the valve as well as the uniformity of the dose mass and the uniformity of fine particle dose, which assure the therapeutic effect of each dose of the product was substantiated

A Novel High-Speed Imaging Technique to Predict the Macroscopic Spray Characteristics of Solution Based Pressurised Metered Dose Inhalers

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2963-2974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas A. Buchmann ◽  
Daniel J. Duke ◽  
Sayed A. Shakiba ◽  
Daniel M. Mitchell ◽  
Peter J. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Pressurised Metered Dose Inhalers

High speed photographic analysis of aerosols produced by metered dose inhalers

1988 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. DHAND ◽  
S. K. MALIK ◽  
M. BALAKRISHNAN ◽  
S. R. VERMA
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Photographic Analysis ◽  
Metered Dose

New Type Homogenizing Valve: Flow Patterns Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Xue Wu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Tao Feng
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Pressure Fields ◽  
High Shear Rates ◽  
Speed Flow ◽  
Modern Chemical ◽  
New Type ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Small Valve

Homogenization is important in modern chemical, pharmaceutical and food industry. The design and optimization for homogenizing units are usually difficult because of lacking enough information about the flow field within the valve. Numerical investigations on flow and pressure fields within a kind of new type homogenizing valve have been conducted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The study indicates that the new type homogenizing valve can be modeled by CFD and detailed information on high speed flow is available. During the process on numerical simulation, finite-volume technique and RNG k-ε turbulence model are present. Through numerical results, mechanical stresses, high shear rates in small valve region and those phenomena that could not be easily determined experimentally can be reached.

scholarly journals Instant velocity and consistency of emitted cloud change by the different levels of canister filling with Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs), but not with Soft Mist Inhalers (SMIs): a bench study

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto W. Dal Negro ◽  
Pietro Longo ◽  
Orestepaolo Villanis Ziani ◽  
Luca Bonadiman ◽  
Paola Turco
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Salbutamol Sulphate ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Dose Fraction ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Formoterol Fumarate

Background: Inhalation is the preferred route for respiratory drug delivery, but several factors contribute to the variability of the respirable dose fraction. Instant velocity and the dynamic characteristics of the droplet cloud represent crucial factors. Aim was to measure and compare the instant velocity and the consistency of emitted cloud from five different MDIs (A - Salbutamol sulphate 100mcg, GSK; B - Salbutamol sulphate 100mcg, Valeas; C - Salmeterol xinafoate/Fluticasone propionate 25/125mcg, GSK; D - Formoterol fumarate/Bechlomethasone propionate 6/100mcg, Chiesi; E - Formoterol fumarate/Fluticasone dipropionate 5/125mcg, Mundipharma) and one SMI (Tiotropium bromide 5mcg, Boehringer Ingelheim), at different distance from the nozzle and canister filling. Methods: Measurements were made at 90, 50, and 10% of canister filling, and at 5, 10, and 20 cm from the nozzle, for a total of 972 puffs. A high speed video photography protocol was adopted and high speed cameras (1.200 frames/ sec.) were used. Data were acquired by means of specialized softwares. Temperature, humidity, and vibrations occurrence were strictly controlled during measurements. Statistics: Anova and p < 0.05 were accepted as the minimum significance level. Results: MDIs generated different Instant velocities: MDI B generated the highest, while MDI A the lowest. As expected, velocity decreased in proportion to the distance from the nozzle. Except with MDI C, instant velocity decreased significantly over the first 50% of canister emptying, but dropped by >33% at 90% of emptying with all other MDIs (p < 0–037; p < 0.001; p < 0.005, and p < 0.001, respectively). Instant velocity was extremely lower (p < 0.001) and constant for all levels of canister filling (p = ns) with SMI. All MDIs had a very fast jet phase, ranging 0.01–0.03 s at 10 cm, and 0.03–0.05 s at 20 cm from the nozzle, without any significant difference from each other (p= ns). MDIs generated a cloud similarly tight (p = ns) at 10 and 20 cm from the nozzle, while it was extremely wider and constant with the SMI (p = 0–001). Also the cloud turbulence was minimized during the SMI emission. Discussion and Conclusions: MDIs are characterized by a substantial variability in both their instant velocity and consistency of the emitted cloud at different levels of canister filling. SMI generates a much slower soft mist cloud which is constantly homogeneous and independent of canister emptying. These peculiarities assessed at bench are suggesting a higher dose consistency and a much more effective therapeutic performance also in real life.

scholarly journals High-Speed Laser Image Analysis of Plume Angles for Pressurised Metered Dose Inhalers: The Effect of Nozzle Geometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 782-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Chen ◽  
Paul M. Young ◽  
Seamus Murphy ◽  
David F. Fletcher ◽  
Edward Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Nozzle Geometry ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Pressurised Metered Dose Inhalers

Light Railways as the Basic for Transport Infrastructure Development in Northern Territories of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
P.I. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Mode Of Transport

Research objective: studies of economic and transport infrastructure development in the Arctic and Northern Territories of Russia. Research methodology: analysis of transport infrastructure in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the types of railways used in Russia. Results: economic development of any region is proportional to the development of the road transport infrastructure and logistics. When a conventional railway is operated in the Arctic conditions, it is not always possible to maintain a cargo turnover that would ensure its efficient use, and transshipment from one mode of transport to another is very problematic. A new type of railway is proposed, i.e. a light railway. Conclusions: the proposed new type of transport offers all the main advantages of narrow gauge railroads (high speed of construction, efficiency, etc.) and helps to eliminate their main disadvantage, i.e. the need for transloading when moving from a narrow gauge to the conventional one with the width of 1520 mm, along with a significant reduction in capital costs.

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