Altered patterns of brain activity during transient sadness in children at familial risk for major depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 135 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 410-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélissa L. Lévesque ◽  
Mario Beauregard ◽  
Koen W. Ottenhof ◽  
Émilie Fortier ◽  
Richard E. Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Familial Risk

scholarly journals Reliability of a lifetime history of major depression: implications for heritability and co-morbidity

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. FOLEY ◽  
M. C. NEALE ◽  
K. S. KENDLER
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Familial Influences ◽  
History Of

Background. In unselected samples, the diagnosis of major depression (MD) is not highly reliable. It is not known if occasion-specific influences on reliability index familial risk factors for MD, or how reliability is associated with risk for co-morbid anxiety disorders.Methods. An unselected sample of 847 female twin pairs was interviewed twice, 5 years apart, about their lifetime history (LTH) of MD, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD). Familial influences on reliability were examined using structural equation models. Logistic regression was used to identify clinical features that predict reliable diagnosis. Co-morbidity was characterized using the continuation ratio test.Results. The reliability of a LTH of MD over 5 years was fair (κ=0·43). There was no evidence for occasion-specific familial influences on reliability, and heritability of reliably diagnosed MD was estimated at 66%. Subjects with unreliably diagnosed MD reported fewer symptoms and, if diagnosed with MD only at the first interview, less impairment and help seeking, or, if diagnosed with MD only at the second interview, fewer episodes and a longer illness. A history of co-morbid GAD or PD is more prevalent among subjects with reliably diagnosed MD.Conclusions. A diagnosis of MD based on a single psychiatric interview incorporates a substantial amount of measurement error but there is no evidence that transient influences on recall and diagnosis index familial risk for MD. Quantitative indices of risk for MD based on multiple interviews should reflect both the characteristics of MD and the temporal order of positive diagnoses.

scholarly journals Altered error-related brain activity in youth with major depression

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecile D. Ladouceur ◽  
John S. Slifka ◽  
Ronald E. Dahl ◽  
Boris Birmaher ◽  
David A. Axelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Brain Activity

scholarly journals Cortical thinning in persons at increased familial risk for major depression

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (15) ◽  
pp. 6273-6278 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Peterson ◽  
V. Warner ◽  
R. Bansal ◽  
H. Zhu ◽  
X. Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Cortical Thinning

The Clinical Characteristics of Major Depression as Indices of the Familial Risk to Illness

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Michael C. Neale ◽  
Ronald C. Kessler ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Lindon J. Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Familial Vulnerability

BackgroundFrom both a clinical and an aetiological perspective, major depression (MD) is probably a heterogeneous condition. We attempt to relate these two domains.MethodWe examined which of an extensive series of clinical characteristics in 646 female twins from a population-based register with a lifetime diagnosis of MD predicts the risk for MD in co-twins. MD was defined by DSM–III–R criteria.ResultsFour variables uniquely predicted an increased risk for MD in the co-twin: number of episodes, degree of impairment and co-morbidity with panic disorder or bulimia. One variable uniquely predicted decreased risk: co-morbidity with phobia. Variables that did not uniquely predict risk of MD in the co-twin included age at onset, number and kind of depressive symptoms, treatment seeking, duration of the longest episode and co-morbidity with generalised anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the clinical features of MD can be meaningfully related to the familial vulnerability to illness, particularly with respect to recurrence, impairment and patterns of co-morbidity.

scholarly journals Increased ASL-CBF in the right amygdala predicts the first onset of depression in healthy young first-degree relatives of patients with major depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningning Zhang ◽  
Jiasheng Qin ◽  
Jinchuan Yan ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Yuhao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Before And After ◽  
First Onset ◽  
The Right

Healthy first-degree relatives of patients with major depression are at an elevated risk of developing depression, and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations are observed in patients with depression. Therefore, in a 33-month follow-up study, we used arterial spin labeling-magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) to investigate quantitative CBF before and after the diagnosis of depression in healthy young adults with and without first-degree relatives with major depression (FH + and FH−, respectively). In cross-sectional and longitudinal CBF comparisons, CBF in the right amygdala was increased or decreased. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between the altered CBF in the right amygdala and the scores on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) in the FH + group. Furthermore, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that increased CBF in the right amygdala at baseline predicted the subsequent onset of depression in the FH + group. Our results suggest that among healthy young adults with a familial risk of depression, those who exhibit increased CBF in the amygdala are susceptible to developing this disease.

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