The role of nitrogenous nutrients in the occurrence of harmful algal blooms caused by Cochlodinium polykrikoides in New York estuaries (USA)

Harmful Algae ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Gobler ◽  
Amanda Burson ◽  
Florian Koch ◽  
Yingzhong Tang ◽  
Margaret R. Mulholland
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Cochlodinium Polykrikoides

Marine Heat Waves in the Peruvian Upwelling System: from 5-day localized warming to year-long El Niños

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Pietri ◽  
François Colas ◽  
Mogollon Rodrigo ◽  
Jorge Tam ◽  
Dimitri Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Upwelling System

<p>Extreme climatic events, such as marine heatwaves (MHWs), have been shown to globally increase in frequency and magnitude over the last decades, and can disrupt ecosystems significantly. Coastal upwelling systems, because they are biodiversity hot-spots and socioeconomic hubs, are particularly vulnerable to those rapidly developing anomalously warm marine events. The Peruvian coastal system in particular is highly exposed to climate variability because of its proximity to the equator. As such it is regularly impacted by El Niño events whose variability has been related to the longest and most intense MHWs in the region. However the intensively studied El Niño events tend to overshadow the MHWs of shorter duration that also have an important impact on the coastal environment as they can trigger other extreme events such as nearshore hypoxias and harmful algal blooms. </p><p>Using 38 years of satellite sea surface temperature data, we investigate the characteristics (spatial variability, frequency, intensity and duration) and evolution of MHWs in the South Tropical Eastern Pacific, with a focus on the Peru Coastal Upwelling System. The separation of events by duration allows to identify a spectrum, from El Niño events to shorter scale MHWs. Results show that the statistical  distribution of MHWs properties, their spatial organization and preferential season of occurrence varies significantly in function of their duration. Besides, when removing large El Niño events, an increase of occurrences, duration and intensity is observed over the last 38 years, contrary to the reduction that is observed in the region when considering all MHWs. Finally, the possible drivers are discussed to disentangle the role of the local (wind stress) and remote (equatorial variability) forcing in function of the events duration.</p>

scholarly journals Mapping the Distribution of Cysts from the Toxic Dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides in Bloom-Prone Estuaries by a Novel FluorescenceIn SituHybridization Assay

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1114-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa K. Hattenrath-Lehmann ◽  
Yu Zhen ◽  
Ryan B. Wallace ◽  
Ying-Zhong Tang ◽  
Christopher J. Gobler
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Cochlodinium Polykrikoides ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ecosystem Studies ◽  
Resting Cysts

ABSTRACTCochlodinium polykrikoidesis a cosmopolitan dinoflagellate that is notorious for causing fish-killing harmful algal blooms (HABs) across North America and Asia. While recent laboratory and ecosystem studies have definitively demonstrated thatCochlodiniumforms resting cysts that may play a key role in the dynamics of its HABs, uncertainties regarding cyst morphology and detection have prohibited even a rudimentary understanding of the distribution ofC. polykrikoidescysts in coastal ecosystems. Here, we report on the development of a fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) assay using oligonucleotide probes specific for the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) ofC. polykrikoides. The LSU rDNA-targeted FISH assay was used with epifluorescence microscopy and was iteratively refined to maximize the fluorescent reaction withC. polykrikoidesand minimize cross-reactivity. The final LSU rDNA-targeted FISH assay was found to quantitatively recover cysts made by North American isolates ofC. polykrikoidesbut not cysts formed by other common cyst-forming dinoflagellates. The method was then applied to identify and mapC. polykrikoidescysts across bloom-prone estuaries. Annual cyst and vegetative cell surveys revealed that elevated densities ofC. polykrikoidescysts (>100 cm−3) during the spring of a given year were spatially consistent with regions of dense blooms the prior summer. The identity of cysts in sediments was confirmed via independent amplification ofC. polykrikoidesrDNA. This study mappedC. polykrikoidescysts in a natural marine setting and indicates that the excystment of cysts formed by this harmful alga may play a key role in the development of HABs of this species.

The role of nutrients in regulation and promotion of harmful algal blooms in upwelling systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 122-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Kudela ◽  
S. Seeyave ◽  
W.P. Cochlan
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms

scholarly journals The Role of Eutrophication in the Global Proliferation of Harmful Algal Blooms

Oceanography ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Glibert ◽  
Sybil Seitzinger ◽  
Cynthia Heil ◽  
JoAnn Burkholder ◽  
Matthew Parrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms

scholarly journals Insights into toxic Prymnesium parvum blooms: the role of sugars and algal viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. Wagstaff ◽  
Edward S. Hems ◽  
Martin Rejzek ◽  
Jennifer Pratscher ◽  
Elliot Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Prymnesium Parvum ◽  
Fish Kill ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Norfolk Broads

Prymnesium parvum is a toxin-producing microalga that causes harmful algal blooms globally, which often result in large-scale fish kills that have severe ecological and economic implications. Although many toxins have previously been isolated from P. parvum, ambiguity still surrounds the responsible ichthyotoxins in P. parvum blooms and the biotic and abiotic factors that promote bloom toxicity. A major fish kill attributed to P. parvum occurred in Spring 2015 on the Norfolk Broads, a low-lying set of channels and lakes (Broads) found on the East of England. Here, we discuss how water samples taken during this bloom have led to diverse scientific advances ranging from toxin analysis to discovery of a new lytic virus of P. parvum, P. parvum DNA virus (PpDNAV-BW1). Taking recent literature into account, we propose key roles for sialic acids in this type of viral infection. Finally, we discuss recent practical detection and management strategies for controlling these devastating blooms.

Harmful algal blooms of allelopathic microalgal species: The role of eutrophication

Harmful Algae ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Granéli ◽  
Martin Weberg ◽  
Paulo S. Salomon
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Microalgal Species
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