The ability of the branchiopod, Artemia salina, to graze upon harmful algal blooms caused by Alexandrium fundyense, Aureococcus anophagefferens, and Cochlodinium polykrikoides

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alejandra Marcoval ◽  
Jerónimo Pan ◽  
Yingzhong Tang ◽  
Christopher J. Gobler
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Cochlodinium Polykrikoides ◽  
Aureococcus Anophagefferens ◽  
Alexandrium Fundyense

scholarly journals Mapping the Distribution of Cysts from the Toxic Dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides in Bloom-Prone Estuaries by a Novel FluorescenceIn SituHybridization Assay

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1114-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa K. Hattenrath-Lehmann ◽  
Yu Zhen ◽  
Ryan B. Wallace ◽  
Ying-Zhong Tang ◽  
Christopher J. Gobler
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Cochlodinium Polykrikoides ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ecosystem Studies ◽  
Resting Cysts

ABSTRACTCochlodinium polykrikoidesis a cosmopolitan dinoflagellate that is notorious for causing fish-killing harmful algal blooms (HABs) across North America and Asia. While recent laboratory and ecosystem studies have definitively demonstrated thatCochlodiniumforms resting cysts that may play a key role in the dynamics of its HABs, uncertainties regarding cyst morphology and detection have prohibited even a rudimentary understanding of the distribution ofC. polykrikoidescysts in coastal ecosystems. Here, we report on the development of a fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) assay using oligonucleotide probes specific for the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) ofC. polykrikoides. The LSU rDNA-targeted FISH assay was used with epifluorescence microscopy and was iteratively refined to maximize the fluorescent reaction withC. polykrikoidesand minimize cross-reactivity. The final LSU rDNA-targeted FISH assay was found to quantitatively recover cysts made by North American isolates ofC. polykrikoidesbut not cysts formed by other common cyst-forming dinoflagellates. The method was then applied to identify and mapC. polykrikoidescysts across bloom-prone estuaries. Annual cyst and vegetative cell surveys revealed that elevated densities ofC. polykrikoidescysts (>100 cm−3) during the spring of a given year were spatially consistent with regions of dense blooms the prior summer. The identity of cysts in sediments was confirmed via independent amplification ofC. polykrikoidesrDNA. This study mappedC. polykrikoidescysts in a natural marine setting and indicates that the excystment of cysts formed by this harmful alga may play a key role in the development of HABs of this species.

scholarly journals Comparison of Short-Term Toxicity of 14 Common Phycotoxins (Alone and in Combination) To The Survival of Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ting Zhang ◽  
Shanshan SONG ◽  
Bin ZHANG ◽  
Yang ZHANG ◽  
Miao TIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Toxic harmful algal blooms (HABs) can cause deleterious effects in marine organisms, threatening the stability of marine ecosystems. It is well known that different strains, natural populations and growth conditions of the same toxic algal species may lead to different amount of phycotoxin production and the ensuing toxicity. To fully assess the ecological risk of toxic HABs, it is of great importance to investigate the toxic effects of phycotoxins in marine organisms. In this study, the short-term toxicity of 14 common phycotoxins (alone and in combination) in the marine zooplankton Artemia salina was investigated. On the basis of 48 h LC50, the order of toxicity in A. salina was AZA3 (with a LC50 of 0.0203 µg/ml)＞AZA2 (0.0273 µg/ml) ＞PTX2 (0.0396 µg/ml)＞DTX1 (0.0819 µg/ml)＞AZA1 (0.106 µg/ml)＞ SPX1 (0.144 µg/ml)＞YTX (0.172 µg/ml)＞dcSTX (0.668 µg/ml)＞OA (0.728 µg/ml)＞STX (1.042 µg/ml)＞GYM (1.069 µg/ml)＞PbTx3 (1.239 µg/ml)＞hYTX (1.799 µg/ml)＞PbTx2 (2.415 µg/ml). For the binary exposure, additive effects of OA and DTX1, DTX1 and hYTX; antagonistic effects of OA and PTX2, OA and STX; and synergetic effects of DTX1 and STX, DTX1 and YTX, DTX1 and PTX2, PTX2 and hYTX on the mortality of A. salina were observed. These results provide valuable toxicological data for assessing the impact of phycotoxins on marine planktonic species and highlight the potential ecological risk of toxic HABs in marine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Development and Application of a Monoclonal-Antibody Technique for Counting Aureococcus anophagefferens, an Alga Causing Recurrent Brown Tides in the Mid-Atlantic United States

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 5492-5502 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Caron ◽  
Mark R. Dennett ◽  
Dawn M. Moran ◽  
Rebecca A. Schaffner ◽  
Darcy J. Lonsdale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Aureococcus Anophagefferens ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Brown Tides

ABSTRACT A method was developed for the rapid detection and enumeration of Aureococcus anophagefferens, the cause of harmful algal blooms called “brown tides” in estuaries of the Mid-Atlantic United States. The method employs a monoclonal antibody (MAb) and a colorimetric, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format. The MAb obtained exhibits high reactivity with A. anophagefferens and very low cross-reactivities with a phylogenetically diverse array of other protists and bacteria. Standard curves are constructed for each 96-well microtiter plate by using known amounts of a preserved culture of A. anophagefferens. This approach allows estimation of the abundance of the alga in natural samples. The MAb method was compared to an existing method that employs polyclonal antibodies and epifluorescence microscopy and to direct microscopic counts of A. anophagefferens in samples with high abundances of the alga. The MAb method provided increased quantitative accuracy and greatly reduced sample processing time. A spatial survey of several Long Island estuaries in May 2000 using this new approach documented a range of abundances of A. anophagefferens in these bays spanning nearly 3 orders of magnitude.

The role of nitrogenous nutrients in the occurrence of harmful algal blooms caused by Cochlodinium polykrikoides in New York estuaries (USA)

Harmful Algae ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Gobler ◽  
Amanda Burson ◽  
Florian Koch ◽  
Yingzhong Tang ◽  
Margaret R. Mulholland
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Cochlodinium Polykrikoides

scholarly journals Ocean warming since 1982 has expanded the niche of toxic algal blooms in the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (19) ◽  
pp. 4975-4980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Gobler ◽  
Owen M. Doherty ◽  
Theresa K. Hattenrath-Lehmann ◽  
Andrew W. Griffith ◽  
Yoonja Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Alexandrium Fundyense ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Dependent Growth

Global ocean temperatures are rising, yet the impacts of such changes on harmful algal blooms (HABs) are not fully understood. Here we used high-resolution sea-surface temperature records (1982 to 2016) and temperature-dependent growth rates of two algae that produce potent biotoxins, Alexandrium fundyense and Dinophysis acuminata, to evaluate recent changes in these HABs. For both species, potential mean annual growth rates and duration of bloom seasons significantly increased within many coastal Atlantic regions between 40°N and 60°N, where incidents of these HABs have emerged and expanded in recent decades. Widespread trends were less evident across the North Pacific, although regions were identified across the Salish Sea and along the Alaskan coastline where blooms have recently emerged, and there have been significant increases in the potential growth rates and duration of these HAB events. We conclude that increasing ocean temperature is an important factor facilitating the intensification of these, and likely other, HABs and thus contributes to an expanding human health threat.

scholarly journals The State of Knowledge of Harmful Algal Blooms of Margalefidinium polykrikoides (a.k.a. Cochlodinium polykrikoides) in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. López-Cortés ◽  
Erick J. Núñez Vázquez ◽  
Juan J. Dorantes-Aranda ◽  
Christine J. Band-Schmidt ◽  
Francisco E. Hernández-Sandoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
The State ◽  
Cochlodinium Polykrikoides

scholarly journals Mechanism by Which MC Controls Harmful Algal Blooms Revealed by Cell Morphology of Aureococcus anophagefferens

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11191
Author(s):  
Jianan Zhu ◽  
Zhiming Yu ◽  
Liyan He ◽  
Xihua Cao ◽  
Hena Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Cell Deformation ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Aureococcus Anophagefferens ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon

On the basis of field experience, a bloom does not continue after treatment with modified clay (MC), even though the residual harmful algal bloom (HAB) biomass accounts for 20–30% of the initial cells. This interesting phenomenon indicates that, in addition to causing flocculation, MC can inhibit the growth of residual cells. Here, from a cell morphology perspective, Aureococcus anophagefferens was used as a model organism to explore this scientific issue and clarify the mechanism by which MC mitigates harmful algal blooms (HABs). The results showed that, at an ~70% removal efficiency, neutral clay (NC) could not effectively inhibit the growth of residual cells, although it caused various forms of damage to residual cells, such as cell deformation, cell breakage, decreased extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), increased cell membrane permeability, and increased cytoplasmic granularity, due to physical collisions. After modification, some physical and chemical properties of the clay particle surface were changed; for example, the surface electrical properties changed from negative to positive, lamellar spacing increased, hardness decreased, adhesion chains increased, adhesion improved, and the number of absorption sites increased, enhancing the occurrence of chemical and electrochemical effects and physical collisions with residual cells, leading to severe cell deformation and chemical cell breakage. Thus, MC effectively inhibited the growth of residual cells and controlled HABs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document