scholarly journals The Role of Eutrophication in the Global Proliferation of Harmful Algal Blooms

Oceanography ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Glibert ◽  
Sybil Seitzinger ◽  
Cynthia Heil ◽  
JoAnn Burkholder ◽  
Matthew Parrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms

Marine Heat Waves in the Peruvian Upwelling System: from 5-day localized warming to year-long El Niños

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Pietri ◽  
François Colas ◽  
Mogollon Rodrigo ◽  
Jorge Tam ◽  
Dimitri Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Upwelling System

<p>Extreme climatic events, such as marine heatwaves (MHWs), have been shown to globally increase in frequency and magnitude over the last decades, and can disrupt ecosystems significantly. Coastal upwelling systems, because they are biodiversity hot-spots and socioeconomic hubs, are particularly vulnerable to those rapidly developing anomalously warm marine events. The Peruvian coastal system in particular is highly exposed to climate variability because of its proximity to the equator. As such it is regularly impacted by El Niño events whose variability has been related to the longest and most intense MHWs in the region. However the intensively studied El Niño events tend to overshadow the MHWs of shorter duration that also have an important impact on the coastal environment as they can trigger other extreme events such as nearshore hypoxias and harmful algal blooms. </p><p>Using 38 years of satellite sea surface temperature data, we investigate the characteristics (spatial variability, frequency, intensity and duration) and evolution of MHWs in the South Tropical Eastern Pacific, with a focus on the Peru Coastal Upwelling System. The separation of events by duration allows to identify a spectrum, from El Niño events to shorter scale MHWs. Results show that the statistical  distribution of MHWs properties, their spatial organization and preferential season of occurrence varies significantly in function of their duration. Besides, when removing large El Niño events, an increase of occurrences, duration and intensity is observed over the last 38 years, contrary to the reduction that is observed in the region when considering all MHWs. Finally, the possible drivers are discussed to disentangle the role of the local (wind stress) and remote (equatorial variability) forcing in function of the events duration.</p>

The role of nutrients in regulation and promotion of harmful algal blooms in upwelling systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 122-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Kudela ◽  
S. Seeyave ◽  
W.P. Cochlan
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms

scholarly journals Insights into toxic Prymnesium parvum blooms: the role of sugars and algal viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. Wagstaff ◽  
Edward S. Hems ◽  
Martin Rejzek ◽  
Jennifer Pratscher ◽  
Elliot Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Prymnesium Parvum ◽  
Fish Kill ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Norfolk Broads

Prymnesium parvum is a toxin-producing microalga that causes harmful algal blooms globally, which often result in large-scale fish kills that have severe ecological and economic implications. Although many toxins have previously been isolated from P. parvum, ambiguity still surrounds the responsible ichthyotoxins in P. parvum blooms and the biotic and abiotic factors that promote bloom toxicity. A major fish kill attributed to P. parvum occurred in Spring 2015 on the Norfolk Broads, a low-lying set of channels and lakes (Broads) found on the East of England. Here, we discuss how water samples taken during this bloom have led to diverse scientific advances ranging from toxin analysis to discovery of a new lytic virus of P. parvum, P. parvum DNA virus (PpDNAV-BW1). Taking recent literature into account, we propose key roles for sialic acids in this type of viral infection. Finally, we discuss recent practical detection and management strategies for controlling these devastating blooms.

Harmful algal blooms of allelopathic microalgal species: The role of eutrophication

Harmful Algae ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Granéli ◽  
Martin Weberg ◽  
Paulo S. Salomon
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Microalgal Species

The role of nitrogenous nutrients in the occurrence of harmful algal blooms caused by Cochlodinium polykrikoides in New York estuaries (USA)

Harmful Algae ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Gobler ◽  
Amanda Burson ◽  
Florian Koch ◽  
Yingzhong Tang ◽  
Margaret R. Mulholland
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Cochlodinium Polykrikoides

scholarly journals Co-Becoming with Diatoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Lykke
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Urea Cycle ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Feminist Technoscience ◽  
Poetic Work

The article is an autophenomenographic-poetic, eco-critical meditation on diatoms. It combines a reflection on the role of this algae species in the author’s posthuman modes of mourning her passed away lesbian life partner, with a discussion of philosopher Isabelle Stengers’s notion of wonder in materialist science, defined as open-ended approaches to unexpected diversity. Diatoms are single-celled aquatic algae, a kind of phytoplankton, which, due to their ability to photosynthesize, have been categorized as plantlike. However, in 2011, it was discovered that diatoms have an animal-like urea cycle, assumed to provide robustness in times of nutrient scarcity, but also making diatoms resist categorizations as either plant- or animal-like. Taking the author’s entangled commitments to human–diatom relations and this unexpected discovery as entrance point to reflect on wonder in technoscience, the article discusses ways of shifting from instrumentalizing to wonder-based algae research, asking if speculative art and poetry can open new horizons, interpellating pathways to ethically care for diatoms. The article introduces two poems, articulating the author’s relations to the diatoms of Limfjorden, the Danish fjord, where her partner’s ashes are spread. The author’s autophenomenographic-poetic work is also brought in conversation with feminist technoscience scholar Astrid Schrader’s critical research on utilitarian instrumentalism in current harmful algal blooms (HABs) research.

scholarly journals Long-term hydrochemical changes and “Harmful Algal Blooms” in the Arctic Lake Imandra

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-340
Author(s):  
N.A. Kashulin ◽  
◽  
A.A. Bekkelund ◽  
V.A. Dauvalter ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Imandra Lake ◽  
Lake Imandra

The large arctic Imandra Lake is located in the industrial Murmansk region, Russia. Since the 2000s it has regular Harmful Algal Blooms. Significant changes in hydrochemical indices were recorded in 1985—2017. The ratio of the main ions has changed, the pH and alkalinity have increased. The indicators of water salinity, the total content of P and N, and their mineral forms have decreased. The concentrations of Zn, Cu, Ni и SO42– have decreased as well. The decrease trends in the content of macronutrients in waters contradict traditional concepts and the role of mineral P and N in the development of HAB. This indicates more complex mechanisms of flowering in this arctic reservoir, which are being discussed.

Harmful algal blooms in fresh and marine water systems: The role of toxin producing phytoplankton

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilesh Kumar Thakur ◽  
S. K. Tiwari ◽  
Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Toxic Phytoplankton ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Predator Switching ◽  
Parameter Values

In this paper, we have investigated a model with three interacting species: non-toxic phytoplankton, toxic phytoplankton and zooplankton with Holling type II and III functional responses over the space and time. The role of toxin producing phytoplankton (TPP) has been studied. We have presented the theoretical analysis of pattern formation in spatially distributed population with local diffusion. The paper highlights the heterogeneity of HABs over space and time. The choice of parameter values and the functional response is important to study the effect of TPP, also it would depend more on the nonlinearity of the system. With the help of numerical simulations, we have observed the spatial and spatiotemporal patterns for plankton system. This study demonstrates that TPP plays an important role in controlling the dynamics. We have observed that prey’s anti-predator efforts promote predator switching. It has been found that high predation of TPP helps for the coexistence of toxic, non-toxic phytoplankton and zooplankton population.

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