Soil moisture as a key factor in carbon release from thawing permafrost in a boreal forest

Geoderma ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 357 ◽  
pp. 113975
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Song ◽  
Genxu Wang ◽  
Fei Ran ◽  
Kewei Huang ◽  
Juying Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Carbon Release ◽  
Thawing Permafrost

The potentiation of zinc toxicity by soil moisture in a boreal forest ecosystem

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbenga J. Owojori ◽  
Steven D. Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Zinc Toxicity

The effects of biochar on the physical properties of bare soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ventura ◽  
Fiorenzo Salvatorelli ◽  
Stefano Piana ◽  
Linda Pieri ◽  
Paola Rossi Pisa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Dark Colour ◽  
Key Factor

ABSTRACTThe pyrolysis conversion of vegetable residues into energy and biochar, and its incorporation in agricultural soil, reduces CO2emission and provides a longterm soil carbon sequestration. Moreover, biochar application in soil seems to increase nutrient stocks in the rooting layer, improving crop yield. Compared with the numerous studies assessing the positive effect of biochar on yield, however, little research has been published elucidating the mechanisms responsible for the reported benefits. Few studies cited soil moisture as the key factor, attributing the increased yield to the higher soil water availability.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biochar on the physical and hydraulic properties of a bare Padana Plain (Cadriano, Bologna) agricultural soil. A preliminary plot experiment in 2009 explored the influence of 10 and 30 kg ha–1of biochar on soil moisture, without effects from plants. Results of the first experiment suggested using higher biochar rates in a similar experimental scheme. During the second experiment, 30 and 60 t ha–1doses were investigated. Soil water content, bulk density, electrical conductivity and soil water retention were measured. The comparison between treated soils and the control indicates that the biochar rate is directly correlated to electrical conductibility and inversely correlated with bulk density. The effect on the density of soil can be very positive in case of heavy soils. The dark colour of the char increased the surface temperature with respect to the control, while no differences were detected at 7·5 cm depth. No influences were found on other soil characteristics, including soil pH, moisture and water retention.

scholarly journals Soil carbon release responses to long-term versus short-term climatic warming in an arid ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Yu ◽  
Zhenzhu Xu ◽  
Guangsheng Zhou ◽  
Yaohui Shi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Desert Grassland ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Carbon Release

Abstract. Climate change severely impacts the grassland carbon cycling by altering rates of litter decomposition and soil respiration (Rs), especially in arid areas. However, little is known about the Rs responses to different warming magnitudes and watering pulses in situ in desert steppes. To examine their effects on Rs, we conducted long-term moderate warming (4 years, ∼3 ∘C), short-term acute warming (1 year, ∼4 ∘C) and watering field experiments in a desert grassland of northern China. While experimental warming significantly reduced average Rs by 32.5 % and 40.8 % under long-term moderate and short-term acute warming regimes, respectively, watering pulses (fully irrigating the soil to field capacity) stimulated it substantially. This indicates that climatic warming constrains soil carbon release, which is controlled mainly by decreased soil moisture, consequently influencing soil carbon dynamics. Warming did not change the exponential relationship between Rs and soil temperature, whereas the relationship between Rs and soil moisture was better fitted to a sigmoid function. The belowground biomass, soil nutrition, and microbial biomass were not significantly affected by either long-term or short-term warming regimes, respectively. The results of this study highlight the great dependence of soil carbon emission on warming regimes of different durations and the important role of precipitation pulses during the growing season in assessing the terrestrial ecosystem carbon balance and cycle.

scholarly journals Determining the drivers for snow gliding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Fromm ◽  
Sonja Baumgärtner ◽  
Georg Leitinger ◽  
Erich Tasser ◽  
Peter Höller
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Avalanche Formation ◽  
Snow Gliding

Abstract. Snow gliding is a key factor for snow glide avalanche formation and soil erosion. This study considers atmospheric and snow variables, vegetation characteristics, and soil properties, and determines their relevance for snow gliding at a test site (Wildkogel, Upper Pinzgau, Austria) during winter 2014/15. The time-dependent data were collected at a high temporal resolution. In addition to conventional sensors a snow melt analyzer was used. The analysis shows that the soil moisture at the soil surface had the largest influence on snow gliding during the first part of the winter (October to January). The soil moisture 1.5 cm below the soil surface was the second important variable in the first part of the winter, and the most important variable in the second part of the winter (February to May). A negative influence on snow gliding had the phytomass of mosses in autumn and spring caused by lower canopy heights at these sites. Furthermore, a higher portion of dwarf shrub phytomass reduces snow gliding, because its rigid structure can transfer forces to the soil. Further investigations may be focused on the freezing and melting processes in the uppermost soil layers, and at the soil surface.

Remote monitoring of spatial and temporal surface soil moisture in fire disturbed boreal forest ecosystems with ERS SAR imagery

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 2133-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Bourgeau‐Chavez ◽  
E. S. Kasischke ◽  
K. Riordan ◽  
S. Brunzell ◽  
M. Nolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Surface Soil Moisture ◽  
Sar Imagery ◽  
In Fire

Externally held water – a key factor for hair lichens in boreal forest canopies

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-A. Esseen ◽  
M. Rönnqvist ◽  
Y. Gauslaa ◽  
D.S. Coxson
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Canopies ◽  
Key Factor

scholarly journals Topography-based modelling reveals high spatial variability and seasonal emission patches in forest floor methane flux

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Vainio ◽  
Olli Peltola ◽  
Ville Kasurinen ◽  
Antti-Jussi Kieloaho ◽  
Eeva-Stiina Tuittila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Methane Flux ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Ch4 Uptake

Abstract. Boreal forest soils are globally an important sink for methane (CH4), while these soils are also capable to emit CH4 under favourable conditions. Soil wetness is a well-known driver of CH4 flux, and the wetness can be estimated with several terrain indices developed for the purpose. The aim of this study was to quantify the spatial variability of the forest floor CH4 flux with a topography-based upscaling method connecting the flux with its driving factors. We conducted spatially extensive forest floor CH4 flux and soil moisture measurements, complemented with ground vegetation classification, in a boreal pine forest. We then modelled the soil moisture with a Random Forest model using topography, based on which we upscaled the forest floor CH4 flux – this was performed for two seasons: May–July and August–October. Our results demonstrate high spatial heterogeneity in the forest floor CH4 flux, resulting from the soil moisture variability, as well as on the related ground vegetation. The spatial variability in the soil moisture and consequently in the CH4 flux was higher in the early summer compared to the autumn period, and overall the CH4 uptake rate was higher in autumn compared to early summer. In the early summer there were patches emitting high amounts of CH4, however, these wet patches got drier and smaller in size towards the autumn, which was enough for changing their dynamics to CH4 uptake. The results highlight the small-scale spatial variability of the boreal forest floor CH4 flux, and the importance of soil chamber placement in order to obtain spatially representative CH4 flux results. We recommend that a site of similar size and topographical variation would require 15–20 sample points in order to achieve accurate forest floor CH4 flux.

Design and Implementation of an IoT Based Greenhouse Monitoring and Controlling System

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Shablu Deb Nath ◽  
Mohammad Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Imtiaz Akber Chowdhury ◽  
Sabiha Tasneem ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Online Platform ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Green House ◽  
Cooling Fan ◽  
Suitable Solution ◽  
Controlling System ◽  
Key Factor

Environment is the key factor in the greenhouse system. To provide monitoring and controlling facility inside the greenhouse, IoT based system is more flexible and suitable solution. To maintain the proper environment inside the green- house, we have designed the system with heating, cooling and water supply facility by integrating the system with heater, cooling fan and water pump. The temperature, humidity and    the soil moisture inside the greenhouse continuously monitored and controlled over online platform.

Overlooked volatile production from Arctic permafrost triggered by global warming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Li ◽  
Mari Mäki ◽  
Lukas Kohl ◽  
Minna Väliranta ◽  
Jaana Bäck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Permafrost Thaw ◽  
Finnish Lapland ◽  
Volatile Release ◽  
Carbon Release ◽  
Thawing Permafrost ◽  
Volatile Production

<p>Permafrost thaw, as a consequence of climate warming, liberates large quantities of frozen organic carbon in the Arctic regions. The response of gaseous carbon release upon permafrost thaw might play a crucial role in the future evolution of atmosphere-land fluxes of biogenic gases such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), a group of reactive gases and the dominant modulator of tropospheric oxidation capacities. Here, we examine the response of volatile release from Finnish Lapland permafrost soils to temperature increase in a series of laboratory incubation experiments. The experiments show that when the temperature rises from 0 °C to 15 °C, various VOC species are significantly emitted from the gradually thawing soils. The VOC fluxes from thawing permafrost are on average four times as high as those from active layer. Acetic acid and acetone dominate the total volatile emissions from both permafrost and active layer, with significant amounts of aromatics and terpenes detected as well. The emission rate and the composition of volatile release from thawing soils are highly responsive to temperature variations. As temperature increases, more less volatile compounds are released, i.e., sesquiterpenes and diterpenes. Collectively, these results demonstrate the highly overlooked volatile production from thawing permafrost, which will create a stronger permafrost carbon-climate feedback.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document