Impact factors for the degradation of engine oil causing carbonaceous deposits in the piston’s grooves of Diesel engines

Fuel ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Diaby ◽  
P. Singhal ◽  
M. Ousmane ◽  
M. Sablier ◽  
A. Le Négrate ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Л.Б. Леонтьев ◽  
Н.П. Шапкин ◽  
А.Л. Леонтьев ◽  
В.Н. Макаров ◽  
А.В. Арон

Повышение долговечности трибосопряжений судовых дизелей, определяющих их ресурс, представляет собой актуальнейшую проблему, обусловленную как безопасностью мореплавания, так и экономическими факторами. Основной причиной отказов коленчатых валов двигателей, определяющих необходимость капитального ремонта, является износ шеек. Решение проблемы повышения износостойкости и, соответственно, долговечности связано с применением трибоактивных присадок в смазку. Несмотря на глубокие и обстоятельные исследования в области применения органо-неорганических материалов для использования в качестве присадок в моторное масло для повышения долговечности трибоузлов осуществить выбор оптимального материала для конкретных условий практически невозможно, так как исследования выполнены для различных условий эксплуатации и по различным методикам. Цель работы – разработка триботехнической присадки к моторным маслам, обеспечивающей повышение надежности и эффективности технической эксплуатации судовыхсреднеоборотных дизелей путем формирования тонкопленочного металлокерамического покрытия на поверхностях трения стальных деталей трибоузлов, позволяющего получить оптимальный комплекс параметров материала износостойкого покрытия. В работе представлены исследования эксплуатационных свойств присадок в моторное масло 17 органо-неорганических триботехнических материалов 4 групп — природные и искусственные полимеры, из которых были изготовлены свыше 20 композиций и композитов. Установлено, что наиболее перспективным является использование нанокомпозитов на основе вермикулита, модифицированного кислотой, в качестве присадок в моторное масло, так как они обладают минимальными коэффициентом трения при граничной смазке (0,007–0,014) а также высокой износостойкостью стали 40Х и обеспечивают минимальную величину скорости изнашивания вкладыша подшипника, благодаря чему повышается ресурс трибосопряжения более, чем в 3 раза, и соответственно снижаются эксплуатационные расходы. Increasing the durability of the tribo-couplings of marine diesel engines, which determine their resource, is an urgent problem due to both the safety of navigation and economic factors. The main reason for engine crankshafts failures, which determine the need for major repairs, is the wear of the necks. The solution to the problem of increasing wear resistance and, accordingly, durability is associated with the use of triboactive additives in the lubricant. Despite in-depth and thorough research in the field of application of organo-inorganic materials for use as additives in engine oil to increase the durability of tribo-nodes, it is almost impossible to choose the optimal material for specific conditions, since the studies were carried out for various operating conditions and according to various methods. The purpose of the work is to develop a tribotechnical additive to motor oils that provides an increase in the reliability and efficiency of technical operation of medium-speed marine diesel engines by forming a thin-film metal-ceramic coating on the friction surfaces of steel parts of tribo-nodes, which allows to obtain an optimal set of parameters of the wear-resistant coating material. The paper presents studies of the operational properties of additives in engine oil of 17 organo-inorganic tribotechnical materials of 4 groups — natural and artificial polymers, from which more than 20 compositions and composites were made. It has been established that the most promising is the use of nanocomposites based on vermiculite modified with acid as additives in engine oil, since they have a minimum coefficient of friction with boundary lubrication (0.007-0.014) as well as high wear resistance of 40X steel and provide a minimum wear rate of the bearing liner, thereby increasing the tribo-tension life by more than 3 times, and, accordingly, operating costs are reduced.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Korneev ◽  
Y. V. Yarmovich ◽  
S. V. Saveliev ◽  
I. K. Poteryaev ◽  
R. V. Buravkin ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Andrii Кravets ◽  
Andrii Yеvtushenko ◽  
Andrii Pogrebnyak ◽  
Yevhenii Romanovych ◽  
Heorhii Afanasov

It was suggested to use group D engine oil with advanced properties instead of group V and G engine oils, which are used in locomotive diesel engines today, to improve the performance of the Ukrainian locomotive fleet of railways.A series of comparative laboratory studies of these oil groups was conducted to substantiate this suggestion which proved better lubrication and tribological performance of group D engine oil and allowed its performance tests.Tests conducted on diesel 5D49 for mileage of more then 100,000 km have demonstrated the advantages of group D oils, such as more stable viscosity, neutralizing ,washing and other properties. Studies on the four-ball wear test machine proved better anti-wear, anti-scoring and anti-friction properties of group D engine oil, which appear even after the continuous use of oils in locomotive diesels. Decrease in burning loss of engine oil was recorded, resulting in the decrease of oil fuel consumption for group D by 30-60% vs. the group G oil.According to the results of performance tests, group D engine oil has been recommended for the use in 5D49 locomotive diesels and some advice on its future implementation have been provided.  


Author(s):  
Tokuro Sato ◽  
Hideki Saito ◽  
Koji Korematsu ◽  
Junya Tanaka

Abstract The wear of piston rings in the diesel engines with EGR system is studied experimentally. In order to clarify the effect of PM on the wear, the wear of the piston rings in the test engine is measured, (1) when the non-soluble in the lubricating oil is removed by the oil filters, (2) when PM in the re-circulating gas is removed by the DPF, (3) when the carbon black is added in the lubricating oil. The experimental results are discussed with the measured time history of kinematic viscosity, total base number, total acid number, ZDTP survival rate, and carbon residual content and its particle size in the engine oil.


2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4(102)) ◽  
pp. 43-109
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Szymańska ◽  
Barbara Frydrych ◽  
Elżbieta Bruchajzer

Exhaust emissions from diesel engines (SESD) are multi-component mixtures of chemical compounds resulting from incomplete combustion of fuel and engine oil. The toxic effect of exhaust gases is associated with the presence of toxic and carcinogenic compounds in them. GIS reports in 2019 that the number of employees employed in conditions constituting 0.1– 0.5 of MAC-TWA (applicable for exhaust emissions from diesel engines) in 2017 and in 2018 was 1071 and 986, respectively, while in conditions 0 , 5–1 MAC-TWA were 26 and 46, respectively. In the list of occupational diseases in the years 2013–2017, two cancers were registered: one bladder and one larynx (exposure to PAHs present in exhaust gases). In the clinical picture of acute exhaust poisoning, irritant effects on the mucous membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory tract predominate. Eye conjunctival irritation is considered to be one of the most sensitive indicators of exhaust gas exposure. Chronic poisoning is usually seen in people who have been exposed to work for at least several years. Functional and morphological changes in the respiratory system dominate. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of exhaust gases has resulted in: accumulation of solid particles in macrophages, changes in lung cells, fibrosis and epithelial metaplasia. Exposure to exhaust fumes can exacerbate the symptoms of existing diseases, e.g. asthma, allergies. The results of epidemiological studies indicate a relationship between occupational exposure to exhaust gas emitted from diesel engines and the increased incidence of certain groups of cancers, mainly lung cancer and bladder cancer. Studies conducted on laboratory animals have shown that exposure to exhaust fumes emitted from diesel engines caused disorders of the respiratory, circulatory, nervous and immune systems. Mutagenicity tests showed positive responses in several Salmonella strains. Animal studies (prenatal and adult exposure) suggest that exposure to exhaust gas may affect male fertility. Annex III of Directive (EU) 2019/130 of the European Parliament and of the Council contains occupational exposure limit values amending Directive 2004/37 / EC. For exhaust emissions from diesel engines for an 8-hour working day, this value was set at 0.05 mg/m3 (measured as elemental carbon). After 1–2 hours of human inhalation exposure to concentrations of 75–225 µg/m3 (as elemental carbon), a decrease in respiratory function parameters and the occurrence of inflammatory changes in the lungs were observed. There is insufficient data on occupational exposure to exhaust emissions from new generation diesel engines. Therefore, it was proposed to adopt as the MAC-TWA value for exhaust emissions from diesel engines a concentration of 0.05 mg/m3 (measured as elemental carbon) included in the Directive 2019/130, without setting STEL and TLV-C. This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.


1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomio Yoshihara ◽  
Tetsuo Wakizono ◽  
Hiromichi Hara ◽  
Eiichi Nakagawa

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 622-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nehal S. Ahmed ◽  
Hamdy S. Abdel-Hameed ◽  
Ahmed F. El-Kafrawy ◽  
Amal M. Nassar

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to solve the problem of carbonaceous deposits in automotive engines by preparing different ashless detergent/dispersant additives based on propylene oxide (PO) and different amines. Carbonaceous deposits in automotive engines are the major problems associated with oil aging. Efficient detergents and dispersants have been used to solve this problem, particularly in lubricating oils. Design/methodology/approach – The structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for determination of molecular weight. This was followed by the evaluation of the prepared compounds such as detergent/dispersant and antioxidants additives for lubricating engine oil using several techniques such as variation of viscosity ratio, change in total acid number, optical density using infrared techniques, spot method, determination of sludge and determination the potential detergent dispersant efficiency (PDDE). Findings – All the prepared compounds were found to be soluble in lubricating oil. The efficiency of the prepared compounds such as antioxidant and detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating oil was investigated. It was found that the additives have excellent power of dispersion, detergency and the most efficient additives such as antioxidant those prepared by using n,n-dimethyloctadecylamine (NDOA) and di-n-butyl dithio phosphoric acid. Practical implications – The paper includes preparation of new compounds from the reaction of propoxylated amines and different organic acids and evaluates them as detergent/dispersant and antioxidants additives by using several techniques. Originality/value – This paper fulfils an identified need to prepare new compounds from the reaction of propoxylated amines and different organic acids and evaluates them as additives by using different methods. All were found to have better efficiency as compared with commercial additives.


Author(s):  
K. Mehsein ◽  
G. Delahay ◽  
N. Villain ◽  
N. Moral

To meet forthcoming Euro 6 Diesel engines NOx emissions legislation; highly efficient after-treatment systems are required. The use of urea or ammonia SCR is a well-established solution for high NOx abatement for diesel engines. The combination of a Cu-Zeolite SCR catalyst and a diesel particulate filter has been widely investigated in recent years to respond to the European NOx emissions regulations especially for those on light-duty vehicles. The after-treatment systems are preferred to be durable during the entirety of vehicle use. Indeed, the SCRF system must withstand the temperature resulting from the active regeneration of the particulate filter continuously. A 160,000 km vehicle aged SCRF catalyst which has endured more than 91 hours at temperatures superior to 600°C during the regeneration of the particulate filter was compared to an SCRF catalyst aged in the laboratory oven for 16 hours at 800°C with 10% H2O. The vehicle aged SCR has not only been exposed to the hydrothermal ageing generated by the diesel particulate regeneration but also has seen chemical elements from urea decomposition, soot accumulation, engine oil and fuel residues. In this paper, deeper comprehension of the behaviour the SCRF catalyst during vehicle ageing was exposed. It is evident that the loss of NOx activity is not only due to the regeneration of the particulate filter but also to the possible contamination from the urea injection and the elements present in the diesel fuel and engine oil. XRF results demonstrate that the concentrations of poisoning elements coming from the engine oil or fuel are concentrated mainly at the outlet of vehicle aged SCRF catalyst. Also, results reveal that the poisoning elements have affected the SCR activity of the vehicle aged SCRF catalyst. Finally, it was possible to establish a correlation between a 160,000 km vehicle aged SCRF catalyst and an equivalent SCRF aged for 16 hours at 800°C.


Author(s):  
Vasiliy Aleksandrovich Chanchikov ◽  
Ivan Nikolaevich Guzhvenko ◽  
Alexandr Ivanovich Andreev ◽  
Marina Aleksandrovna Shulimova ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Svekolnykov

The paper presents the results of studying the influence of variable characteristics of lubricating oils for marine diesel engines (concentration of layered friction modifier in lubricating oil, viscosity of lubricating oil, contact pressure in the friction zone) on the tribological parameters of parts of the cylinder-piston group of marine diesel engines. There are considered the aspects of increasing the reliability and wear resistance of the cylinder-piston group of marine diesel engines when a layered friction modifier is added to the base lubricating oil in a concentration of 1.5 vol.%. There have been carried out the comparative tribological studies of M-16G2CS lubricating oil including an additive based on molybdenum diselenide. Dependences of the wear of parts of the cylinder-piston group of a marine engine on different parameters of the studied lubricants are shown. The wear rate of experimental samples in conditions of variable characteristics of lubricants has been studied. According to the tribological studies of lubricants and structural materials, the tribological rating of lubricating compositions containing M16G2CS marine engine oil as a base and a layered friction modifier - molybdenum diselenide as a tribologically active additive was built. The test tool for the antiwear ability of lubricants is a friction machine of an original design with abraded samples according to the “ball-cylinder” contact scheme. Mechanical mixing of the lubricating medium of “oil + additive” type on the RPU-0.8-55A rotary-pulsating unit was one of the variable parameters in the tests. The tribological efficiency of the studied antiwear additive varies depending on the type of mixing of the additive solution before adding to the base lubricating oil and makes 13-54% (the difference in the diameter of the wear spot of the sample) for mechanical mixing, and for rotary-pulsation mixing - 45-56%.


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