Study on Wear of Piston Rings in Diesel Engines With Exhaust Gas Recirculation

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokuro Sato ◽  
Hideki Saito ◽  
Koji Korematsu ◽  
Junya Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Time History ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Piston Rings ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Residual Content ◽  
Measured Time

Abstract The wear of piston rings in the diesel engines with EGR system is studied experimentally. In order to clarify the effect of PM on the wear, the wear of the piston rings in the test engine is measured, (1) when the non-soluble in the lubricating oil is removed by the oil filters, (2) when PM in the re-circulating gas is removed by the DPF, (3) when the carbon black is added in the lubricating oil. The experimental results are discussed with the measured time history of kinematic viscosity, total base number, total acid number, ZDTP survival rate, and carbon residual content and its particle size in the engine oil.

Improving Engine Oil Properties by Dispersion of hBN/Al2O3 Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilman Hakimi Chua Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Fadzli bin Abdollah ◽  
Hilmi Amiruddin ◽  
Noreffendy Tamaldin ◽  
Nur Rashid Mat Nuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Oil Performance ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Sonication Technique ◽  
Lubrication Properties

This paper provides oil properties study of conventional diesel engine oil enriched with hBN/Al2O3 nanoparticles. In this study, an optimal composition (0.5 vol.%) of hBN and Al2O3 nanoparticles separately dispersed in SAE 15W40 diesel engine oil by sonication technique. The oil properties were studied by measuring the Viscosity Index (VI), Total Acid Number (TAN), Total Base Number (TBN) and flash point temperature. The results reveal that the nano-oil with hBN nanoparticles could improves or at least maintain the key lubrication properties, though the TAN value is slightly increased. The results presented here may facilitate improvements in the conventional diesel engine oil performance.

scholarly journals Rapid Fleet Condition Analysis through Correlating Basic Vehicle Tracking Data with Engine Oil FT-IR Spectra

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
András Lajos Nagy ◽  
Adam Agocs ◽  
Bettina Ronai ◽  
Péter Raffai ◽  
Jan Rohde-Brandenburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Cost Efficient

Engine oil condition and tribological performance are strongly interrelated. Accordingly, oil condition monitoring is common in various applications. This is especially important, as oil condition depends on the fueling and utilization profile of an internal combustion engine. Common practice involves the measurement of various parameters, such as the total acid number and total base number, oxidation, nitration, viscosity, and elemental composition; thus, it can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. This study provides a methodology for rapid analysis for large vehicle fleets or sample sizes, using only Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and the subsequent multivariate data analysis offers a rapid alternative to commonly available methods. The described method provides a rapid, cost-efficient, and intuitive approach to uncovering differences in the oil condition. Furthermore, understanding the underlying reasons in engine construction and the resulting chemical degradation is also possible.

scholarly journals Investigation of Used Engine Oil Lubricating Performance Through Oil Analysis and Friction and Wear Measurements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Lajos Nagy ◽  
Jan Christopher Knaup ◽  
Ibolya Zsoldos
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Boron Content ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Total Base

Engine oil degradation during long-term engine operation is a well-researched topic, however, the effect of biofuels and synthetic compounds is not fully understood. In order to characterise novel fuel related phenomena in an engine a basis of studies should be established with state-of-the-art engines and conventional fuels and lubricants. This study aims at describing the behaviour of used engine oils throughout their service life based on friction and wear measurements with oil samples from three identical light-duty direct injection supercharged diesel engines. Oil samples were taken from each engine every 50 hours between oil changes to determine physical properties and chemical composition. Friction and wear measurements were conducted on a high-frequency reciprocating rig. The results show strong correlation between oil service life and boron content, as well as acid number and base number. A similar correlation between coefficient of friction with used samples and boron content as well as soot content was observed. A simple model based on a polynomial fitting function was proposed to predict friction and wear from boron content, total acid number and total base number.

scholarly journals Refining and Reuse of Waste Lube Oil in SI Engines: A Novel Approach for a Sustainable Environment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2937
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Jamil ◽  
Fahid Riaz ◽  
Haris Hussain ◽  
Ghulam Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Method ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Improved Performance

The protection of the environment and pollution control are issues of paramount importance. Researchers today are engrossed in mitigating the harmful impacts of petroleum waste on the environment. Lubricating oils, which are essential for the smooth operation of engines, are often disposed of improperly after completing their life. In the experimental work presented in this paper, deteriorated engine oil was regenerated using the acid treatment method and was reused in the engine. The comparison of the properties of reused oil, the engine’s performance, and the emissions from the engine are presented. The reuse of regenerated oil, the evaluation of performance, and emissions establish the usefulness of the regeneration of waste lubricating oil. For the used oil, total acid number (TAN), specific gravity, flash point, ash content, and kinematic viscosity changed by 60.7%, 6.7%, 4.4%, 96%, and 15.5%, respectively, compared with fresh oil. The regeneration partially restored all the lost lubricating oil properties. The performance parameters, brake power (BP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) improved with regenerated oil in use compared with used oil. The emissions CO and NOX contents for acid-treated oil were 9.7% and 17.3% less in comparison with used oil, respectively. Thus, regenerated oil showed improved performance and oil properties along with significantly reduced emissions when employed in an SI engine.

scholarly journals Synthesis of 1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.4] and 1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5] Novel Compounds from Oleic Acid as Potential Biolubricant

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan ◽  
Yudha Ramanda ◽  
Kevin Thomas ◽  
Hendra Hendra ◽  
Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Viscous Liquid ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Hydroxylation Reaction ◽  
Total Base

Two 1,4-dioxaspiro novel compounds which derivated from methyl 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate (MDHO) with cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone had been synthesized by a sonochemical method in the presence of montmorillonite KSF catalyst. The MDHO compound had been prepared from 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid (DHOA) and methanol. Meanwhile, DHOA was synthesized by hydroxylation of oleic acid with the solution of 1% KMnO4 under basic condition. The structures of the products were confirmed by FTIR, GC-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectrometers. Hydroxylation reaction of oleic acid gave DHOA as a white solid powder in 46.52% yield (m.p. 131-132 °C). On the other side, esterification reaction via sonochemical method between DHOA and methanol gave MDHO as a white powder in 93.80% yield (m.p. 80-81 °C). The use of cyclopentanone in 45 min sonochemical method gave methyl 8-(3-octyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-yl)octanoate as a yellow viscous liquid in 50.51% yield. The other compound, methyl 8-(3-octyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-yl)octanoate as yellow viscous liquid had been synthesized by similar method with cyclohexanone via the sonochemical method in 45.12% yield. From physicochemical properties, i.e. density, total acid number, total base number, and iodine value, gave the conclusion that these novel compounds are potential biolubricant candidates to be developed.

New Lubricant from Used Cooking Oil: Cyclic Ketal of Ethyl 9,10-Dihydroxyoctadecanoate

2017 ◽  
Vol 901 ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan ◽  
Muslih Anwar ◽  
Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Total Base

A new ketal cyclic from ethyl 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate with acetone had been synthesized by reflux and sonochemical method. The synthesis was performed via several steps of reaction, i.e.: transesterification, hydrolysis, oxidation with 1% KMnO4 in basic condition, esterification, and ketalization. The structures of the products were confirmed by FTIR, GC-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectrometers. Direct transesterification of used cooking oil produced a mixture of ethyl ester in 82.94% yield meanwhile hydrolysis of this mixture gave free fatty acids mixture in 88.46% yield. Hydroxylation reaction of free fatty acids mixture yielded a white powder of 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid in 46.52% yield. Esterification of 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid and ethanol catalyzed by sulfuric acid with reflux condition for 4 hours and sonochemical method, respectively yielded 90% and 93.8% of ethyl 9,10-dihydroxystearate. In the other side, the utilization of KSF montmorillonite as catalyst conducted with reflux gave 52% in yield of ester. Furthermore, the use of acetone in 45 minutes sonochemical method with montmorillonite KSF catalyst gave cyclic ketal (ethyl 8-(2,2-dimethyl-5-octyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)octanoate) as a yellow viscous liquid in 53.30% yield. From physicochemical properties –density, kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, total acid number, total base number and iodine value- gave the conclusion that this novel compound is potential biolubricant candidates to be developed.

A Study on the Applicability of Straight Vegetable Oils to Medium Speed Diesel Engines

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoung-Keun Park ◽  
Sang-Hak Ghal ◽  
Tae-Hyung Park ◽  
Yong-Hee Ahn ◽  
Sung-Hyeok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Marine Diesel

Straight vegetable oil (SVO) fuels such as palm oil, animal fat oil and waste vegetable oil were tested as fuels in a single-cylinder diesel engine to evaluate applicability to medium-speed diesel engines. Fuel-related properties of the SVO were assessed and compared with conventional marine diesel fuel oil (MDO). The total acid number (TAN) of the SVO fuels changed during a short interval in a drying oven which heated the SVO fuels to 170 degrees Celsius for several weeks. The SVO have not gone rancid any further after reaching limit. And the TAN of the SVO fuels was not related to corrosion of the parts. The SVO fuels needed to be heated to an appropriate temperature to use as fuel of the engine since the SVO fuels are more viscous than conventional diesel fuels. Both the injection period and the injection pressure increased due to low heating values of the SVO fuels. By the same token, fuel oil consumption increased over 10%. The overall exhaust emissions were lower with the SVO fuels, but NOx emission was as much as MDO at the higher loads.

Synthesis and evaluation of ashless detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating engine oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 622-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nehal S. Ahmed ◽  
Hamdy S. Abdel-Hameed ◽  
Ahmed F. El-Kafrawy ◽  
Amal M. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Automotive Engines ◽  
Carbonaceous Deposits ◽  
New Compounds

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to solve the problem of carbonaceous deposits in automotive engines by preparing different ashless detergent/dispersant additives based on propylene oxide (PO) and different amines. Carbonaceous deposits in automotive engines are the major problems associated with oil aging. Efficient detergents and dispersants have been used to solve this problem, particularly in lubricating oils. Design/methodology/approach – The structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for determination of molecular weight. This was followed by the evaluation of the prepared compounds such as detergent/dispersant and antioxidants additives for lubricating engine oil using several techniques such as variation of viscosity ratio, change in total acid number, optical density using infrared techniques, spot method, determination of sludge and determination the potential detergent dispersant efficiency (PDDE). Findings – All the prepared compounds were found to be soluble in lubricating oil. The efficiency of the prepared compounds such as antioxidant and detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating oil was investigated. It was found that the additives have excellent power of dispersion, detergency and the most efficient additives such as antioxidant those prepared by using n,n-dimethyloctadecylamine (NDOA) and di-n-butyl dithio phosphoric acid. Practical implications – The paper includes preparation of new compounds from the reaction of propoxylated amines and different organic acids and evaluates them as detergent/dispersant and antioxidants additives by using several techniques. Originality/value – This paper fulfils an identified need to prepare new compounds from the reaction of propoxylated amines and different organic acids and evaluates them as additives by using different methods. All were found to have better efficiency as compared with commercial additives.

scholarly journals Research and development of commercially viable lubricants to intensify working life of marine diesel engines and cylinder piston group in internal combustion engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Aleksandrovich Chanchikov ◽  
Ivan Nikolaevich Guzhvenko ◽  
Alexandr Ivanovich Andreev ◽  
Marina Aleksandrovna Shulimova ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Svekolnykov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Friction Modifier ◽  
Marine Engine ◽  
Piston Group ◽  
Molybdenum Diselenide ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Cylinder Piston

The paper presents the results of studying the influence of variable characteristics of lubricating oils for marine diesel engines (concentration of layered friction modifier in lubricating oil, viscosity of lubricating oil, contact pressure in the friction zone) on the tribological parameters of parts of the cylinder-piston group of marine diesel engines. There are considered the aspects of increasing the reliability and wear resistance of the cylinder-piston group of marine diesel engines when a layered friction modifier is added to the base lubricating oil in a concentration of 1.5 vol.%. There have been carried out the comparative tribological studies of M-16G2CS lubricating oil including an additive based on molybdenum diselenide. Dependences of the wear of parts of the cylinder-piston group of a marine engine on different parameters of the studied lubricants are shown. The wear rate of experimental samples in conditions of variable characteristics of lubricants has been studied. According to the tribological studies of lubricants and structural materials, the tribological rating of lubricating compositions containing M16G2CS marine engine oil as a base and a layered friction modifier - molybdenum diselenide as a tribologically active additive was built. The test tool for the antiwear ability of lubricants is a friction machine of an original design with abraded samples according to the “ball-cylinder” contact scheme. Mechanical mixing of the lubricating medium of “oil + additive” type on the RPU-0.8-55A rotary-pulsating unit was one of the variable parameters in the tests. The tribological efficiency of the studied antiwear additive varies depending on the type of mixing of the additive solution before adding to the base lubricating oil and makes 13-54% (the difference in the diameter of the wear spot of the sample) for mechanical mixing, and for rotary-pulsation mixing - 45-56%.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Flow-Injection Analysis of the Total Base Number and the Total Acid Number in Lubricants Containing Both Acid and Base Compounds.

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi WATANABE ◽  
Keiko JYONOSONO ◽  
Nobuaki SOH ◽  
Toshihiko IMATO ◽  
Noriyuki IMAZUMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Flow Injection Analysis ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Total Acid Number ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Total Base
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