Two classes of glutathione S-transferase genes with different response profiles to bacterial challenge in Venerupis philippinarum

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenghua Li ◽  
Xiurong Su ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Taiwu Li ◽  
Chongjie Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Challenge ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Venerupis Philippinarum ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
Different Response

Oxidative balance and immunodetection of antioxidant enzymes in the hepatopancreas of the crab Chasmagnathus granulata subjected to anoxia and reoxygenation

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ubirajara O. de Oliveira ◽  
Adriane Belló-Klein ◽  
Luiz Carlos Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Chasmagnathus Granulata ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Crab Chasmagnathus Granulata

The present study shows the activities and concentrations of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the hepatopancreas of the crab Chasmagnathus granulata (Dana, 1851) (Decapoda, Brachyura) when exposed to periods of anoxia (8 h) and aerobic recovery (20 and 40 min post anoxia). Exposure to anoxia did not cause any change in the activities of the enzymes analyzed. The activities of these enzymes did not change with a decrease in environmental oxygen concentration. During reoxygenation, enzyme activities returned to control levels. The concentrations and activities of SOD and GST presented different response profiles. Exposure to anoxia caused increased lipoperoxidation (conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), whereas aerobic recovery reduced lipoperoxidation. The results of this study showed that C. granulata adjusts its antioxidant defense systems in an attempt to reduce and (or) avoid damage resulting from the reintroduction of oxygen.

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid and NIM1/NPR1-Independent Gene Induction by Incompatible Peronospora parasitica in Arabidopsis

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1235-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Rairdan ◽  
Nicole M. Donofrio ◽  
Terrence P. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Peronospora Parasitica ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Response Profiles

To identify pathogen-induced genes distinct from those involved in systemic acquired resistance, we used cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism to examine RNA levels in Arabidopsis thaliana wild type, nim1-1, and salicylate hydroxylase-expressing plants after inoculation with an incompatible isolate of the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora parasitica. Fifteen genes are described, which define three response profiles on the basis of whether their induction requires salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and NIM1/NPR1 activity, SA alone, or neither. Sequence analysis shows that the genes include a calcium binding protein related to TCH3, a protein containing ankyrin repeats and potential transmembrane domains, three glutathione S-transferase gene family members, and a number of small, putatively secreted proteins. We further characterized this set of genes by assessing their expression patterns in each of the three plant lines after inoculation with a compatible P. parasitica isolate and after treatment with the SA analog 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid. Some of the genes within subclasses showed different requirements for SA accumulation and NIM1/NPR1 activity, depending upon which elicitor was used, indicating that those genes were not coordinately regulated and that the regulatory pathways are more complex than simple linear models would indicate.

scholarly journals Different Response Profiles of Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells to an L-Type Amino Acid Transporter Inhibitor, JPH203

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
YASUHIDE MUTO ◽  
TOMOMI FURIHATA ◽  
MEIKA KANEKO ◽  
KOSUKE HIGUCHI ◽  
KENTARO OKUNUSHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Amino Acid Transporter ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
Acid Transporter ◽  
Different Response

scholarly journals Brain Areas Specific for Attentional Load in a Motion-Tracking Task

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1048-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Jovicich ◽  
Robert J. Peters ◽  
Christof Koch ◽  
Jochen Braun ◽  
Linda Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
General Role ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Attentional Load ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
Different Response

Although visual attention is known to modulate brain activity in the posterior parietal, prefrontal, and visual sensory areas, the unique roles of these areas in the control of attentional resources have remained unclear. Here, we report a dissociation in the response profiles of these areas. In a parametric functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, subjects performed a covert motion-tracking task, in which we manipulated “attentional load” by varying the number of tracked balls. While strong effects of attention—independent of attentional load—were widespread, robust linear increases of brain activity with number of balls tracked were seen primarily in the posterior parietal areas, including the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and superior parietal lobule (SPL). Thus, variations in attentional load revealed different response profiles in sensory areas as compared to control areas. Our results suggest a general role for posterior parietal areas in the deployment of visual attentional resources.

scholarly journals Deep origins of chordate midbrain visual processing centers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezar Borba ◽  
Shea Schwennicke ◽  
Matthew J. Kourakis ◽  
William C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Negative Phototaxis ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Fold Change Detection

AbstractCiona larvae have two visuomotor behaviors, a looming shadow response and negative phototaxis. These are mediated by distinct, but overlapping, two-interneuron relay circuits connecting photoreceptors and motor neurons. We report that both behaviors operate via fold-change detection (FCD) mechanisms. In other words, they respond to relative changes in input, meaning that two stimuli of the same fold-change but different by three orders of illumination magnitude give identical behavioral outputs. However, the two behaviors have different response profiles to varying fold-changes, with the negative phototaxis showing a power-function, while the shadow response is linear. The photoreceptors project to putative FCD circuits in the posterior brain vesicle (pBV), but with different circuit architectures for the two behaviors, likely accounting for the differing behavioral responses. Finally, we speculate from similarities in anatomy, gene expression, and connectivity that the pBV has common origins with processing centers of the vertebrate midbrain, including the optic tectum.

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