Small-scale positive response of terrestrial gastropods to dead-wood addition is mediated by canopy openness

2017 ◽  
Vol 396 ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kirchenbaur ◽  
Thomas Fartmann ◽  
Claus Bässler ◽  
Franz Löffler ◽  
Jörg Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dead Wood ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Terrestrial Gastropods

scholarly journals Rocky pine forests in the High Coast Region in Sweden: structure, dynamics and history

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 101-130
Author(s):  
Jennie Sandström ◽  
Mattias Edman ◽  
Bengt Gunnar Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Human Impact ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

Almost all forests in Sweden are managed and only a small fraction are considered natural. One exception is low productive forests where, due to their limited economical value, natural dynamics still dominate. One example is the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests occurring on rocky and nutrient-poor hilltops. Although these forests represent a regionally common forest type with a high degree of naturalness, their dynamics, structure and history are poorly known. We investigated the structure, human impact and fire history in eight rocky pine forests in the High Coast Area in eastern Sweden, initially identified as good representatives of this forest type. This was done by sampling and measuring tree sizes, -ages, fire-scarred trees, as well as dead wood volumes and quality along three transects at each site. The structure was diverse with a sparse layer of trees (basal area 9 m2 and 640 trees larger than 10 cm ha-1) in various sizes and ages; 13 trees ha-1 were more than 300 years old. Dead wood (DW), snags and logs in all stages of decay, was present and although the actual DW (pine) volume (4.4 m3 ha-1) and number of units (53 ha-1) was low, the DW share of total wood volume was 18% on average. Dead wood can be present for several centuries after death; we found examples of both snags and logs that had been dead more than 300 years. Frequent fires have occurred, with an average cycle of 40 years between fires. Most fires occurred between 1500-1900 and many of them (13) during the 1600s. However, fires were probably small since most fire years were only represented at one site and often only in one or a few samples. The rocky pine forests in the High Coast Area are representative of undisturbed forests with low human impact, exhibiting old-growth characteristics and are valuable habitats for organisms connected to sun-exposed DW. Management of protected rocky pine forests may well include small-scale restoration fires and the limited DW volumes should be protected.

scholarly journals Effects of Small-Scale Dead Wood Additions on Beetles in Southeastern U.S. Pine Forests

Forests ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 632-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kier D. Klepzig ◽  
Michael L. Ferro ◽  
Michael D. Ulyshen ◽  
Matthew L. Gimmel ◽  
Jolie B. Mahfouz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dead Wood ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Small Scale

Inonotus tomentosus and the dynamics of unmanaged and partial-cut wet sub-boreal spruce–fir forests

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2663-2676 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. (Ted) Newbery ◽  
Kathy J. Lewis ◽  
Michael B. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Live Tree

For wet sub-boreal spruce–fir forests (white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) × Engelmann spruce ( Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) – subalpine fir ( Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.)) in east-central British Columbia, we asked (i) do compositional and structural dynamics differ for unmanaged (UN) and partial-cut (PC) (50% removal 45 years before measurement) forests and (ii) how does Inonotus tomentosus Fr. (Teng) affect these dynamics? Inonotus tomentosus infected stands had 17% less spruce basal area (P = 0.059) than uninfected stands, but PC did not exacerbate I. tomentosus effects. PC and UN had similar live tree density, but UN had lower dead tree density. In all stands, snag longevity was typically <32 years, and ~40 years was required for dead wood to reach decay stage 3 or greater. UN was characterized by variable severity disturbances averaging ~8% of the canopy per decade. Management implications include the following: (i) harvest systems designed to emulate small-scale disturbance could remove trees at 8% of the canopy per decade, varied spatiotemporally, (ii) emulating dead wood abundance with partial cutting may be difficult given the impacts of partial cutting on dead wood abundance, and (iii) forests with moderate levels of I. tomentosus should not respond differently to harvesting than uninfected forests and thus require no special management.

Dead-wood addition promotes non-saproxylic epigeal arthropods but effects are mediated by canopy openness

2016 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Seibold ◽  
Claus Bässler ◽  
Petr Baldrian ◽  
Lena Reinhard ◽  
Simon Thorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dead Wood ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Epigeal Arthropods

scholarly journals Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berbasis Inkuiri Pada Materi Pengklasifikasian Ikan

JURNAL IQRA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yulia Anita ◽  
Saleh Hidayat ◽  
Haryadi Haryadi
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inquiry Based Learning ◽  
Average Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Development Procedure ◽  
Expert Validation

This article aimed to determine the practicality, validity, and test the effectiveness of material inquiry-based education. The research development procedure basically consists of two main objectives, namely: (1) develop products and (2) test the effectiveness of products in achieving goals. The results showed that the way to develop inquiry-based learning models  reviewed the source supporting fish classification material, made the initial draft LKPD, do expert validation and revision, small-scale trials and large-scale trials. Based on the validity test, the developed LKPD was very valid category with an average value of 84.6 all aspects of the assessment. Students also gave a positive response to LKPD with was developed with an of 84.7. This indicated that the valid LKPD was used in the learning process. The effectiveness of LKPD has increased the achievement of student learning outcomes with the presentation of the pretest-posttest value gaining a value of 63.64%. The results of the research obtained be concluded that the LKPD developed meets the medium category, so that it was practical, valid and effective to use. Key words: The Development of LKPD, Inqury-Based Education, The Effectiveness of LKPD

scholarly journals Habitat partitioning in native Geranium species through reproductive interference

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-661
Author(s):  
Sachiko Nishida ◽  
Koh-Ichi Takakura ◽  
Akiyo Naiki ◽  
Takayoshi Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Interference ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Heterospecific Pollen ◽  
Focal Species ◽  
Putative Hybrids

Abstract Background and Aims Heterospecific pollen transfer may reduce the fitness of recipient species, a phenomenon known as reproductive interference. A theoretical study has predicted that distributions of species pairs affected by reproductive interference may be syntopic under negligible reproductive interference, sympatric but with partitioning at small spatial scale (i.e. allotopic) under weak interference, or exclusive when reproductive interference is strong. Verifying these predictions is essential for evaluation of the applicability of reproductive interference as a general assembly rule of biological communities. The aim of this study was to test these predictions in two sympatrically distributed wild Geranium species, G. thunbergii and G. wilfordii. Methods To measure the effect of reproductive interference, the associations between the relative abundance of the counterpart species and seed set in the focal species, and seed set reduction following mixed pollination, were analysed. The possibility of hybridization with viable offspring was examined by genotyping plants in the field and after mixed pollination. Fertility of putative hybrids was based on their seed set and the proportion of pollen grains with apertural protrusions. A transect study was conducted to examine spatial partitioning, and possible influences of environmental conditions (canopy openness and soil moisture content) on partitioning between the species were analysed. Key Results Neither abundance of the counterpart species nor heterospecific pollen deposition significantly affected seed set in the focal species, and hybridization between species was almost symmetrical. Putative hybrids had low fertility. The two species were exclusively distributed at small scale, although environmental conditions were not significantly different between them. Conclusions The allotopy of the two species may be maintained by relatively weak reproductive interference through bidirectional hybridization. Re-evaluation of hybridization may allow ongoing or past reproductive interference to be recognized and provide insight into the distributional relationships between the interacting plants.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MODUL PADA MATERI ANIMALIA KELAS X SMAN 1 PONTIANAK

10.29406/522 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ety Setiawati ◽  
Hanum Mukti Rahayu ◽  
Anandita Eka Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Media ◽  
Abstract Learning ◽  
D Model

ABSTRAKProses pembelajaran memerlukan tambahan referensi selain buku paket dan LKS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran modul animalia, yang memenuhi aspek kevalidan, kepraktisan, respon positif siswa dan keefektifan media tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pengembangan (R&D) model 4-D, meliputi tahap Define (Pendefinisian), Design (Perancangan), Develop (Pengembangan) dan Disseminate (Penyebaran), tetapi tahap Disseminate (Penyebaran) tidak dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kevalidan dan kepraktisan pada aspek bahasa sebesar 90% (sangat valid dan sangat praktis), aspek materi sebesar 86,33% (sangat valid dan sangat praktis) dan aspek kegrafikan sebesar 90% (sangat valid dan sangat praktis). Berdasarkan uji coba skala kecil dan uji coba skala besar, respon siswa terhadap media pembelajaran modul positif, sehingga media dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Kefektifan media pembelajaran diperoleh berdasarkan nilai postest. Ketuntasan klasikal kelas eksperimen sebesar 83% dan ketuntasan klasikal kelas kontrol sebesar 61%, yang menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran modul animalia dinyatakan efektif. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran modul layak digunakan untuk siswa dalam pembelajaran biologi materi animalia.Kata kunci: Pengembangan, media pembelajaran, modul, animalia ABSTRACT Learning process needs a learning reference such as modul. This study aimed to develop modul which concist of Animal content. Decent Modul if it meets the criteria of validity, practicality, student’s positive response and effectiveness. This study is Research and Development (R&D) method with 4D model (Define, Design, Develop without Disseminate). The result showed that the validity and the practically to language was 90% (very valid and very practical), to material was 86,33% (very valid and very practical), to graphical aspect was 90% (very valid and very practical). Based on the try out with small scale and large scale, student’s response to the media was positive, so modul can be used in the learning process. The effectiveness of the media was obtained from post test, with a percentage of 83% classical completeness in experiment class and a percentage of 61% classical completeness in control class. This result indicate that the modul fit for use as a learning reference in the material of animalia.Keyword: Development, learning reference, modul, animalia

Reasons to strike first

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Buckner ◽  
Luke Glowacki
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Small Scale

Abstract De Dreu and Gross predict that attackers will have more difficulty winning conflicts than defenders. As their analysis is presumed to capture the dynamics of decentralized conflict, we consider how their framework compares with ethnographic evidence from small-scale societies, as well as chimpanzee patterns of intergroup conflict. In these contexts, attackers have significantly more success in conflict than predicted by De Dreu and Gross's model. We discuss the possible reasons for this disparity.

Exploring Coronal Structures with SOHO

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
M. Karovska ◽  
B. Wood ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Cook ◽  
R. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Contrast Structures ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Small Scale Structures ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe applied advanced image enhancement techniques to explore in detail the characteristics of the small-scale structures and/or the low contrast structures in several Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed by SOHO. We highlight here the results from our studies of the morphology and dynamical evolution of CME structures in the solar corona using two instruments on board SOHO: LASCO and EIT.

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