The lateral spread of tree root systems in boreal forests: Estimates based on 15N uptake and distribution of sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal fungi

2008 ◽  
Vol 255 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Göttlicher ◽  
A.F.S. Taylor ◽  
H. Grip ◽  
N.R. Betson ◽  
E. Valinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Lateral Spread ◽  
15N Uptake

scholarly journals Phosphorus Mobilizing Enzymes of Alnus-Associated Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in an Alaskan Boreal Floodplain

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Ruess ◽  
Michaela M. Swanson ◽  
Knut Kielland ◽  
Jack W. McFarland ◽  
Karl D. Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Plant Level

Because of its high phosphorus (P) demands, it is likely that the abundance, distribution, and N-fixing capacity of Alnus in boreal forests are tightly coupled with P availability and the mobilization and uptake of soil P via ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). We examined whether Alnus shifts EMF communities in coordination with increasingly more complex organic P forms across a 200-year-old successional sequence along the Tanana River in interior Alaska. Root-tip activities of acid phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, and phytase of A. tenuifolia-associated EMF were positively intercorrelated but did not change in a predictable manner across the shrub, to hardwood to coniferous forest successional sequence. Approximately half of all Alnus roots were colonized by Alnicola and Tomentella taxa, and ordination analysis indicated that the EMF community on Alnus is a relatively distinct, host-specific group. Despite differences in the activities of the two Alnus dominants to mobilize acid phosphatase and phosphodiesterase, the root-tip activities of P-mobilizing enzymes of the Alnus-EMF community were not dramatically different from other co-occurring boreal plant hosts. This suggests that if Alnus has a greater influence on P cycling than other plant functional types, additional factors influencing P mobilization and uptake at the root and/or whole-plant level must be involved.

The effects of aluminum and calcium on the growth and nutrition of selected ectomycorrhizal fungi of jack pine

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1691-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. R. Browning ◽  
Thomas C. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Al Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The influence of Al and Ca on the growth, in axenic culture, of three ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) was examined. Isolates of Hebeloma crustuliniforme (St. Amans) Quél., Rhizopogon rubescens (Tul.) Tulasne, and Suillus tomentosus (Kauff.) Singer, Snell & Dick were obtained from basidiocarps collected in jack pine stands of different ages. Basidiocarps and the soil surrounding them were analyzed for Al and Ca, as well as other elements. Each fungal species was grown for 4 weeks in nutrient solutions containing 37, 185, 370, or 740 μM Al combined in a factorial design with 25, 125, 250, or 500 μM Ca and maintained at pH 3.8. Growth of all three fungal species was reduced at 370 μM Al. Significant interaction was found between fungal species and Al treatment for all six elements measured in mycelial tissue. Stepwise increments in external Al concentration resulted in reduced mycelial concentrations of Ca, Mg, and K, and increased mycelial concentrations of Al, P, and Fe in H. crustuliniforme. High external Al levels resulted in reduced mycelial concentrations of all elements measured except Al and P in R. rubescens. In contrast, for S. tomentosus the same external Al levels increased the mycelial concentrations of all elements except Ca. The response of the three ectomycorrhizal fungi to Ca also differed. Growth of H. crustuliniforme was stimulated by stepwise increments in external Ca concentrations from 25 to 500 μM. Increments in calcium had no effect on the growth of R. rubescens. High external levels of Ca acted synergistically with high external Al concentrations to reduce growth by S. tomentosus. Unlike the other two species, the response of S. tomentosus to Al and Ca could not have been predicted from the soil and basidiocarp analyses. Alterations in Ca to Al ratios of soils may influence the succession of ectomycorrhizal fungi on conifer root systems. Key words: ectomycorrhizae, jack pine, aluminum, calcium, basidiocarps.

scholarly journals Natural 15N abundance in fruit bodies of ectomycorrhizal fungi from boreal forests

1997 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW F. S. TAYLOR ◽  
LARS HOGBOM ◽  
MONA HOGBERG ◽  
ANTHONY J. E. LYON ◽  
TORGNY NASHOLM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Natural 15N Abundance ◽  
15N Abundance

Differences in 15N uptake amongst spruce seedlings colonized by three pioneer ectomycorrhizal fungi in the field

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie D. Jones ◽  
Frank Grenon ◽  
Heather Peat ◽  
Michele Fitzgerald ◽  
Leigh Holt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
15N Uptake

Growth and fungal persistence by Quercus rubra inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi and planted on a clear-cutting and strip mine

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1571-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Beckjord ◽  
Marla S. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Strip Mine ◽  
Mine Sites

Quercus rubra seedlings were grown in a greenhouse in media inoculated with and without vegetative hyphae of the ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius, Cenococcum geophilum, Scleroderma auranteum, and Rhizopogon nigrescens. Some seedlings were also inoculated with basidiospores of P. tinctorius and S. auranteum in the greenhouse. Rhizopogon nigrescens did not infect the seedlings during greenhouse production. Seedlings were planted and grown for two seasons on clear-cut and strip-mine sites. Some nonmycorrhizal seedlings were inoculated with basidiospores at planting. Seedling growth after one season on the clear-cut site was positive for all P. tinctorius, C. geophilum, and vegetative S. auranteum inoculations and significant differences in growth occurred among inoculation treatments. Root-core samples after one season showed that 80–100% of the seedlings on the clear-cut site had fungal persistence of assigned fungal species from all fungal inoculations except that no ectomycorrhizae were evident with seedlings field inoculated with basidiospores. Growth after two seasons on the clear-cut site was significantly different among treatments but not significantly different on the strip-mine site. Excavated root systems after two seasons showed that 0–100% of the seedlings on the clear-cut and strip-mine sites had fungal retention of assigned fungal species and ectomycorrhizae from basidiospore chip inoculations.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FUNGAL HORMONE PRODUCTION AND ECTOMYCORRHIZAL INFECTION OF PINUS MUGO

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 782G-783
Author(s):  
Henry E. DeVries ◽  
Joseph P. Lardner ◽  
Kenneth W. Mudge
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Laccaria Bicolor ◽  
Pinus Mugo ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Amanita Muscaria ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Infection

To test the hypothesis that phytohormone production is related to mycorrhizae formation 29 isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi have been evaluated for production of ethylene and auxin in pure culture and for their ability to form ectomycorrhizae with Pinus mugo. The fungi tested included a series of monokaryotic isolates of Laccaria bicolor and dikaryotic isolates of Amanita muscaria, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, L. laccata, L. proxima, Pisolithus tinctorius, Rhizopogon ellenae, and R. vinicolor. Inoculated root systems were rated for mycorrhizae formation, root/shoot ratio and root morphology. P. tinctorius isolates which formed abundant mycorrhizae produce no ethylene in vitro, but did produce the auxin IAA. L. bicolor isolates produced ethylene as well as auxins putatively identified as IAA, and IBA. Correlations between phytohormone production and mycorrhizogenicity will be presented.

Field performance of black spruce and jack pine inoculated with selected species of ectomycorrhizal fungi

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1974-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H.R. Browning ◽  
Roy D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Initial Size ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Foliar Concentrations

Seedlings of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) were inoculated with fragmented hyphae of one of five species of ectomycorrhizal fungi and outplanted on reforestation sites after 14 weeks of growth in the nursery. Black spruce were planted on a peatland site and a stony loam site; jack pine were planted on the same stony loam site and on a sandy site. Inoculation of both species with Laccariaproximo (Boud.) Maire resulted in significantly better shoot growth compared with uninoculated seedlings over a 2-year period on all sites. Hebelomacylindrosporum Romagn. improved the height growth of black spruce on the peatland site and of jack pine on the stony loam site after 2 years. Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton also improved the height growth of jack pine on the stony loam after 2 years. Black spruce inoculated with L. bicolor were significantly smaller than uninoculated seedlings. Size differences present in black spruce at outplanting persisted for two growing seasons, whereas initial size did not predict the field performance of jack pine. Inoculation of black spruce with L. proxima resulted in higher foliar concentrations of K and Zn compared with uninoculated seedlings on the peatland site. Foliar concentrations of N, P, K, and Zn in jack pine inoculated with L. proxima were significantly higher than those of uninoculated seedlings at the stony loam site. All inoculated fungi (except Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, which did not form mycorrhizae) remained on the root systems for two growing seasons, but their presence declined sharply in the 2nd year. Laccariabicolor was the most persistent mycobiont on root systems of both tree species. Colonization of black spruce by indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi was faster on the stony loam site than on the peatland site. The diversity of wild ectomycorrhizae on the planted seedlings was higher on both the peatland and sand sites than on the stony loam site.

Ectomycorrhiza formation and root development patterns of conifer seedlings on a high-elevation mine site

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Grossnickle ◽  
C. P. P. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
System Development ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
One Year

Three conifer species, Pinuscontorta Dougl., Pinusflexilis James, and Piceaengelmannii Parry ex Engelm. were inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, Suillusgranulatus (L. ex Fr.) Kuntze, and Cenococcumgeophilum Fr. These, plus noninoculated seedlings were planted under two fertilization treatments and grown for 5 years on a high-elevation (3200 m) mine site. One-year-old P. contorta and P. engelmannii seedlings inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungi P. tinctorius and S. granulatus were planted under two fertilization and three water conservation treatments, and grown on a high-elevation mine site for 1 year. After one growing season, mycorrhizae formed by P. tinctorius and S. granulatus were still visible on P. contorta seedlings root systems. However, after five growing seasons, P. tinctorius and C. geophilum were not visible on the roots of P. contorta and P. flexilis seedlings, although mycorrhizae formed by S. granulatus appeared to be present. Few mycorrhizae were observed on the root systems of 1- or 5-year-old P. engelmannii seedlings. Root system development of 1- and 5-year-old P. contorta and P. engelmannii seedlings was dramatically reduced by the sewage sludge and wood-chips fertilization treatment, but fertilization treatments had no apparent effects on root system development of 5-year-old P. flexilis.

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