Variation in microclimate associated with dispersed-retention harvests in coniferous forests of western Washington

Troy D. Heithecker; Charles B. Halpern

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.01.024

Variation in microclimate associated with dispersed-retention harvests in coniferous forests of western Washington

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2006.01.024 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 226 (1-3) ◽

pp. 60-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Troy D. Heithecker ◽

Charles B. Halpern

Keyword(s):

Coniferous Forests ◽

Dispersed Retention ◽

Western Washington

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Winter Forages and Diets of Elk in Old-Growth and Regenerating Coniferous Forests in Western Washington

The American Midland Naturalist ◽

10.2307/2426129 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 130 (2) ◽

pp. 299 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Kurt J. Jenkins ◽

Edward E. Starkey

Keyword(s):

Coniferous Forests ◽

Old Growth ◽

Western Washington

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The effects of acid rain on nitrogen fixation in Western Washington coniferous forests

Water Air & Soil Pollution ◽

10.1007/bf00156721 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 21-34

Author(s):

Robert Denison ◽

Bruce Caldwell ◽

Bernard Bormann ◽

Lindell Eldred ◽

Cynthia Swanberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Acid Rain ◽

Coniferous Forests ◽

Western Washington

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Mycophagy of red-backed voles in Oregon and Washington

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z82-419 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 60 (12) ◽

pp. 3307-3315 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Douglas C. Ure ◽

Chris Maser

Keyword(s):

Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Stomach Contents ◽

Green Plant ◽

Cascade Range ◽

Coniferous Forests ◽

Fruiting Bodies ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Small Seed ◽

Western Washington ◽

Seed Crops

We analyzed stomach contents from two subspecies of Clethrionomys californicus and three subspecies of C. gapperi from coniferous forests of Oregon and western Washington. Seasonal diets were determined for each subspecies of C. californicus. Major foods eaten were the fruiting bodies of hypogeous ectomycorrhizal fungi, predominantly Gasteromycetes, and fruticose lichens, regardless of season. Fungus consumption partially depended on availability. When fungi became scarce, lichens were substituted. Other foods were important only during winter in Cascade Range. Clethrionomys gapperi from Washington consumed large quantities of conifer seed and green plant parts in midautumn. These materials were a small part of the diets of Oregon red-backed voles in midautumn, but this may relate to localized small seed crops. Dependence on ectomycorrhizal fungi by western red-backed voles probably accounts for the latter's disappearance from deforested sites.

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Persistence of ground-layer bryophytes in a structural retention experiment: initial effects of level and pattern of overstory retention

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x06-168 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (11) ◽

pp. 3039-3052 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Martin Dovčiak ◽

Charles B Halpern ◽

James F Saracco ◽

Shelley A Evans ◽

Denise A Liguori

Keyword(s):

Spatial Patterns ◽

Edge Effects ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Basal Area ◽

First Year ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Dispersed Retention ◽

Western Washington ◽

Structural Retention ◽

Species Frequencies

We examined first-year responses of forest-floor bryophytes to structural retention harvests at four locations in western Washington. Treatments represented a range of retention levels (100%, 75%, 40%, and 15% of original basal area) and spatial patterns (dispersed vs. aggregated in 1 ha patches). Declines in bryophyte cover and species' frequencies were comparably large at 40% and 15% retention. Retention pattern had little effect on the magnitude of decline, although declines in richness tended to be greater in aggregated treatments. Changes in cover were small within forest aggregates (comparable to controls). However, richness declined relative to controls within aggregates at 15% retention; rarer taxa in these exposed patches may be susceptible to edge effects. Declines in species' frequencies and richness were consistently greater in "clear-cut" areas of aggregated treatments than in dispersed retention; liverworts were particularly sensitive to harvest. In cut areas, bryophytes responded positively to cover of understory vegetation and negatively to logging slash. The positive correlation of richness (but not cover) to tree basal area may reflect the contribution of tree boles to persistence of rarer corticolous species. Our results suggest that conservation of bryophytes in forests managed with structural retention will require large retention patches and dispersed trees at levels considerably higher than current retention standards.

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