Prevalence and behavior of multidrug-resistant shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic E. coli and enterotoxigenic E. coli on coriander

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Gómez-Aldapa ◽  
Jesús A. Segovia-Cruz ◽  
Jorge F. Cerna-Cortes ◽  
Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas ◽  
Laura P. Salas-Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Virulence Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Diverse Sources

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Momna Rubab ◽  
Deog-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Shiga Toxins ◽  
E Coli ◽  
And Control ◽  
High Degree

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an enteric pathogen that causes several gastrointestinal ailments in humans across the world. STEC’s ability to cause ailment is attributed to the presence of a broad range of known and putative virulence factors (VFs) including those that encode Shiga toxins. A total of 51 E. coli strains belonging to serogroups O26, O45, O103, O104, O113, O121, O145, and O157 were tested for the presence of nine VFs via PCR and for their susceptibility to 17 frequently used antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. The isolates belonged to eight different serotypes, including eight O serogroups and 12 H types. The frequency of the presence of key VFs were stx1 (76.47%), stx2 (86.27%), eae (100%), ehxA (98.03%), nleA (100%), ureC (94.11%), iha (96.07%), subA (9.80%), and saa (94.11%) in the E. coli strains. All E. coli strains carried seven or more distinct VFs and, among these, four isolates harbored all tested VFs. In addition, all E. coli strains had a high degree of antibiotic resistance and were multidrug resistant (MDR). These results show a high incidence frequency of VFs and heterogeneity of VFs and MDR profiles of E. coli strains. Moreover, half of the E. coli isolates (74.5%) were resistant to > 9 classes of antibiotics (more than 50% of the tested antibiotics). Thus, our findings highlight the importance of appropriate epidemiological and microbiological surveillance and control measures to prevent STEC disease in humans worldwide.

scholarly journals Emergence of a Multidrug-Resistant Shiga Toxin-Producing Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Lineage in Diseased Swine in Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1074-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kusumoto ◽  
Yuna Hikoda ◽  
Yuki Fujii ◽  
Misato Murata ◽  
Hirotsugu Miyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Boydii ◽  
High Level

EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) and Shiga toxin-producingE. coli(STEC) are important causes of diarrhea and edema disease in swine. The majority of swine-pathogenicE. colistrains belong to a limited range of O serogroups, including O8, O138, O139, O141, O147, O149, and O157, which are the most frequently reported strains worldwide. However, the circumstances of ETEC and STEC infections in Japan remain unknown; there have been few reports on the prevalence or characterization of swine-pathogenicE. coli. In the present study, we determined the O serogroups of 967E. coliisolates collected between 1991 and 2014 from diseased swine in Japan, and we found that O139, O149, O116, and OSB9 (O serogroup ofShigella boydiitype 9) were the predominant serogroups. We further analyzed these four O serogroups using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing, and virulence factor profiling. Most of the O139 and O149 strains formed serogroup-specific PFGE clusters (clusters I and II, respectively), whereas the O116 and OSB9 strains were grouped together in the same cluster (cluster III). All of the cluster III strains belonged to a single sequence type (ST88) and carried genes encoding both enterotoxin and Shiga toxin. This PFGE cluster III/ST88 lineage exhibited a high level of multidrug resistance (to a median of 10 antimicrobials). Notably, these bacteria were resistant to fluoroquinolones. Thus, this lineage should be considered a significant risk to animal production due to the toxigenicity and antimicrobial resistance of these bacteria.

scholarly journals Hemolysin-Producing Strains among Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Children under 2 Years Old with Diarrheal Disease

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Anca Mare ◽  
Adrian Man ◽  
Felicia Toma ◽  
Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea ◽  
Răzvan Lucian Coșeriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
O Antigens ◽  
Hlya Gene ◽  
High Diversity

Even if serotyping based on O antigens is still routinely used by most laboratories for the detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, this method can provide false-positive reactions, due to the high diversity of O antigens. Molecular methods represent a valuable tool that clarifies these situations. In the Bacteriology Laboratory of Mureș County Hospital, between May 2016 and July 2019, 160 diarrheagenic E. coli strains were isolated from children under 2 years old with diarrheic disease. The strains were identified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)/enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) via agglutination with polyvalent sera. STEC strains were serotyped using monovalent sera for serogroup O157. Simplex PCR was performed on the strains to determine the presence of the hlyA gene, and, for the positive ones, the hemolytic activity was tested. Antibiotic susceptibility of the identified diarrheagenic E. coli strains was also investigated. STEC strains were the most frequently identified (49.1%), followed by EPEC (40.2%). The hlyA gene was identified in 12 cases, representing 18.2% of the STEC strains. Even if the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains represented only 10%, a relevant percentage of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains (24%) was identified.

Sensitivity of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli, Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella, and Antibiotic-Susceptible Salmonella to Lactic Acid on Inoculated Beef Trimmings

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1751-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALIYAR FOULADKHAH ◽  
IFIGENIA GEORNARAS ◽  
HUA YANG ◽  
KEITH E. BELK ◽  
KENDRA K. NIGHTINGALE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Salmonella Newport ◽  
Acid Treatments

Studies were performed to determine whether lactic acid treatments used to reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 on beef trimmings are also effective in controlling non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (nSTEC), and multidrug-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible Salmonella. Beef trimming pieces (10 by 5 by 1 cm) were inoculated (3 log CFU/cm2) separately with four-strain mixtures of rifampin-resistant E. coli O157:H7, O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145. Similarly, in a second study, trimmings were separately inoculated with rifampin-resistant E. coli O157:H7, and antibiotic-susceptible or multidrug-resistant (MDR and/or MDR-AmpC) Salmonella Newport and Salmonella Typhimurium. Inoculated trimmings were left untreated (control) or were immersed for 30 s in 5% lactic acid solutions (25 or 55°C). No differences (P ≥ 0.05) were obtained among surviving counts of E. coli O157:H7 and those of the tested nSTEC serogroups on lactic acid–treated (25 or 55°C) samples. Counts (3.1 to 3.3 log CFU/cm2) of E. coli O157:H7 and nSTEC were reduced (P < 0.05) by 0.5 to 0.9 (25°C lactic acid) and 1.0 to 1.4 (55°C lactic acid) log CFU/cm2. Surviving counts of Salmonella on treated trimmings were not influenced by serotype or antibiotic resistance phenotype and were similar (P ≥ 0.05) or lower (P < 0.05) than surviving counts of E. coli O157:H7. Counts (3.0 to 3.3 log CFU/cm2) were reduced (P < 0.05) by 0.5 to 0.8 (E. coli O157:H7) and 1.3 to 1.5 (Salmonella) log CFU/cm2 after treatment of samples with 25°C lactic acid. Corresponding reductions following treatment with lactic acid at 55°C were 1.2 to 1.5 (E. coli O157:H7) and 1.6 to 1.9 (Salmonella) log CFU/cm2. Overall, the results indicated that lactic acid treatments used against E. coli O157:H7 on beef trimmings should be similarly or more effective against the six nSTEC serogroups and against multidrug-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible Salmonella Newport and Salmonella Typhimurium.

Presence of Multidrug-Resistant Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on Fresh Cheeses from Local Retail Markets in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1748-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARÍA C. de la ROSA-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
ARTURO CADENA-RAMÍREZ ◽  
ALEJANDRO TÉLLEZ-JURADO ◽  
CARLOS A. GÓMEZ-ALDAPA ◽  
ESMERALDA RANGEL-VARGAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Markets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Fresh Cheese

ABSTRACT Cheesemaking is one of the most important industries in Mexico. Among all the Mexican cheeses, fresh cheeses are the most popular and most consumed cheese in Mexico and Latin America. However, in Mexico fresh cheese is frequently made with unpasteurized milk and sold in public markets. This may increase the risk for contamination of dairy products with pathogenic bacteria. The presence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in food is an important public health concern. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes (DEPs) are foodborne bacteria. This study investigated the presence of indicator bacteria and multidrug-resistant DEPs in fresh cheeses. A total of 120 fresh cheese samples were collected from public markets in the city of Pachuca, Mexico. The samples were analyzed for presence of fecal coliforms (FC), E. coli, and antibiotic resistant DEPs. FC and E. coli were analyzed using the most-probable-number technique. DEPs were identified using two multiplex PCR methods. Susceptibility to 16 antibiotics was tested for the isolated DEPs strains by the standard assay. The frequency of FC, E. coli, and DEPs in the cheese samples was 50, 40, and 19%, respectively. The identified DEPs included Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC; 8%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC; 6%), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC; 5%). All isolated strains exhibited resistance to at least five antibiotics. One, one, two, and three STEC strains were resistant to 14, 12, 11, and 10 antibiotics, respectively. One strain of EPEC was resistant to 11 antibiotics, three EPEC strains to 9, and one strain to 7. One, one, and two strains of ETEC were resistant to 10, 8, and 7 antibiotics, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that fresh cheeses made with unpasteurized milk could be a risk for consumers, both for native people and visitors to Mexico.

scholarly journals Presence of β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and Salmonella Isolates in Marine Mammals

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5905
Author(s):  
Olivia M. Grünzweil ◽  
Lauren Palmer ◽  
Adriana Cabal ◽  
Michael P. Szostak ◽  
Werner Ruppitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
Sequence Types

Marine mammals have been described as sentinels of the health of marine ecosystems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate (i) the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales, which comprise several bacterial families important to the healthcare sector, as well as (ii) the presence of Salmonella in these coastal animals. The antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes, as well as biocide susceptibility of Enterobacterales isolated from stranded marine mammals, were determined prior to their rehabilitation. All E. coli isolates (n = 27) were screened for virulence genes via DNA-based microarray, and twelve selected E. coli isolates were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-one percent of the Enterobacterales isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pheno- and genotype. The gene blaCMY (n = 51) was the predominant β-lactamase gene. In addition, blaTEM-1 (n = 38), blaSHV-33 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 7), blaOXA-1 (n = 7), blaSHV-11 (n = 3), and blaDHA-1 (n = 2) were detected. The most prevalent non-β-lactamase genes were sul2 (n = 38), strA (n = 34), strB (n = 34), and tet(A) (n = 34). Escherichia coli isolates belonging to the pandemic sequence types (STs) ST38, ST167, and ST648 were identified. Among Salmonella isolates (n = 18), S. Havana was the most prevalent serotype. The present study revealed a high prevalence of MDR bacteria and the presence of pandemic high-risk clones, both of which are indicators of anthropogenic antimicrobial pollution, in marine mammals.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant, Including Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing and Quinolone-Resistant, Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry and Domestic Pigs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Zuhura I. Kimera ◽  
Fauster X. Mgaya ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana ◽  
Nyambura Moremi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

We determined the phenotypic profile of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from 698 samples (390 and 308 from poultry and domestic pigs, respectively). In total, 562 Enterobacteria were isolated. About 80.5% of the isolates were E. coli. Occurrence of E. coli was significantly higher among domestic pigs (73.1%) than in poultry (60.5%) (p = 0.000). In both poultry and domestic pigs, E. coli isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline (63.5%), nalidixic acid (53.7%), ampicillin (52.3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (50.9%). About 51.6%, 65.3%, and 53.7% of E. coli were MDR, extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), and quinolone-resistant, respectively. A total of 68% of the extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers were also resistant to quinolones. For all tested antibiotics, resistance was significantly higher in ESBL-producing and quinolone-resistant isolates than the non-ESBL producers and non-quinolone-resistant E. coli. Eight isolates were resistant to eight classes of antimicrobials. We compared phenotypic with genotypic results of 20 MDR E. coli isolates, ESBL producers, and quinolone-resistant strains and found 80% harbored blaCTX-M, 15% aac(6)-lb-cr, 10% qnrB, and 5% qepA. None harbored TEM, SHV, qnrA, qnrS, qnrC, or qnrD. The observed pattern and level of resistance render this portfolio of antibiotics ineffective for their intended use.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Viability of Lytic Phages and Their Potency against Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli O177 Strains under Simulated Rumen Fermentation Conditions

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Peter Kotsoana Montso ◽  
Caven Mguvane Mnisi ◽  
Collins Njie Ateba ◽  
Victor Mlambo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Contamination ◽  
Novel Strategy

Preslaughter starvation and subacute ruminal acidosis in cattle are known to promote ruminal proliferation of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains, thereby increasing the risk of meat and milk contamination. Using bacteriophages (henceforth called phages) to control these strains in the rumen is a potentially novel strategy. Therefore, this study evaluated the viability of phages and their efficacy in reducing E. coli O177 cells in a simulated ruminal fermentation system. Fourteen phage treatments were allocated to anaerobic serum bottles containing a grass hay substrate, buffered (pH 6.6–6.8) bovine rumen fluid, and E. coli O177 cells. The serum bottles were then incubated at 39 °C for 48 h. Phage titres quadratically increased with incubation time. Phage-induced reduction of E. coli O177 cell counts reached maximum values of 61.02–62.74% and 62.35–66.92% for single phages and phage cocktails, respectively. The highest E. coli O177 cell count reduction occurred in samples treated with vB_EcoM_366B (62.31%), vB_EcoM_3A1 (62.74%), vB_EcoMC3 (66.67%), vB_EcoMC4 (66.92%), and vB_EcoMC6 (66.42%) phages. In conclusion, lytic phages effectively reduced E. coli O177 cells under artificial rumen fermentation conditions, thus could be used as a biocontrol strategy in live cattle to reduce meat and milk contamination in abattoirs and milking parlours, respectively.

scholarly journals Three-Year Trend in Escherichia coli Antimicrobial Resistance among Children’s Urine Cultures in an Italian Metropolitan Area

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Luca Pierantoni ◽  
Laura Andreozzi ◽  
Simone Ambretti ◽  
Arianna Dondi ◽  
Carlotta Biagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
First Line ◽  
E Coli ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in children, and Escherichia coli is the main pathogen responsible. Several guidelines, including the recently updated Italian guidelines, recommend amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) as a first-line antibiotic therapy in children with febrile UTIs. Given the current increasing rates of antibiotic resistance worldwide, this study aimed to investigate the three-year trend in the resistance rate of E. coli isolated from pediatric urine cultures (UCs) in a metropolitan area of northern Italy. We conducted a retrospective review of E. coli-positive, non-repetitive UCs collected in children aged from 1 month to 14 years, regardless of a diagnosis of UTI, catheter colonization, urine contamination, or asymptomatic bacteriuria. During the study period, the rate of resistance to AMC significantly increased from 17.6% to 40.2% (p < 0.001). Ciprofloxacin doubled its resistance rate from 9.1% to 16.3% (p = 0.007). The prevalence of multidrug-resistant E. coli rose from 3.9% to 9.2% (p = 0.015). The rate of resistance to other considered antibiotics remained stable, as did the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases and extensively resistant E. coli among isolates. These findings call into question the use of AMC as a first-line therapy for pediatric UTIs in our population, despite the indications of recent Italian guidelines.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of antimicrobial peptide CDP-B11 alone and in combination with colistin against colistin-resistant and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin S. Witherell ◽  
Jason Price ◽  
Ashok D. Bandaranayake ◽  
James Olson ◽  
Douglas R. Call
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Minimal Media

AbstractMultidrug-resistant bacteria are a growing global concern, and with increasingly prevalent resistance to last line antibiotics such as colistin, it is imperative that alternative treatment options are identified. Herein we investigated the mechanism of action of a novel antimicrobial peptide (CDP-B11) and its effectiveness against multidrug-resistant bacteria including Escherichia coli #0346, which harbors multiple antibiotic-resistance genes, including mobilized colistin resistance gene (mcr-1). Bacterial membrane potential and membrane integrity assays, measured by flow cytometry, were used to test membrane disruption. Bacterial growth inhibition assays and time to kill assays measured the effectiveness of CDP-B11 alone and in combination with colistin against E. coli #0346 and other bacteria. Hemolysis assays were used to quantify the hemolytic effects of CDP-B11 alone and in combination with colistin. Findings show CDP-B11 disrupts the outer membrane of E. coli #0346. CDP-B11 with colistin inhibits the growth of E. coli #0346 at ≥ 10× lower colistin concentrations compared to colistin alone in Mueller–Hinton media and M9 media. Growth is significantly inhibited in other clinically relevant strains, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In rich media and minimal media, the drug combination kills bacteria at a lower colistin concentration (1.25 μg/mL) compared to colistin alone (2.5 μg/mL). In minimal media, the combination is bactericidal with killing accelerated by up to 2 h compared to colistin alone. Importantly, no significant red blood hemolysis is evident for CDP-B11 alone or in combination with colistin. The characteristics of CDP-B11 presented here indicate that it can be used as a potential monotherapy or as combination therapy with colistin for the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections, including colistin-resistant infections.

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