Sub-acute effects of diazinon on biochemical indices and specific biomarkers in rats: Protective effects of crocin and safranal

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 2803-2808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Timcheh Hariri ◽  
Seyed Adel Moallem ◽  
Mahmoud Mahmoudi ◽  
Bahram Memar ◽  
Hossein Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effects ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Acute effects of methiocarb on oxidative damage and the protective effects of vitamin E and taurine in the liver and kidney of Wistar rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Ozden ◽  
Betul Catalgol ◽  
Selda Gezginci-Oktayoglu ◽  
Ayse Karatug ◽  
Sehnaz Bolkent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Liver And Kidney

scholarly journals The iMPROVE Study; Design, Dietary Patterns, and Development of a Lifestyle Index in Overweight and Obese Greek Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3495
Author(s):  
Maria Kafyra ◽  
Ioanna P. Kalafati ◽  
Efthymia A. Katsareli ◽  
Sophia Lambrinou ◽  
Iraklis Varlamis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Mixed Pattern ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Greek Adults

Background: Dietary and lifestyle habits constitute a significant contributing factor in the formation of anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of overweight and obese populations. The iMPROVE study recruited overweight and obese Greek adults and investigated the effect of gene–diet interactions on weight management when adhering to a six-month, randomized nutritional trial including two hypocaloric diets of different macronutrient content. The present paper displays the design of the intervention and the baseline findings of the participants’ dietary habits and their baseline anthropometric and biochemical characteristics. Methods: Baseline available data for 202 participants were analyzed and patterns were extracted via principal component analysis (PCA) on 69-item Food-Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). Relationships with indices at baseline were investigated by multivariate linear regressions. A Lifestyle Index of five variables was further constructed. Results: PCA provided 5 dietary patterns. The “Mixed” pattern displayed positive associations with logBMI and logVisceral fat, whereas the “Traditional, vegetarian-alike” pattern was nominally, negatively associated with body and visceral fat, but positively associated with HDL levels. The Lifestyle Index displayed protective effects in the formation of logBMI and logGlucose levels. Conclusions: Dietary patterns and a Lifestyle Index in overweight and obese, Greek adults highlighted associations between diet, lifestyle, and anthropometric and biochemical indices.

scholarly journals Effect of Playing and Training at Altitude on Concussion Incidence in Professional Football

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596711879492
Author(s):  
James G. Connolly ◽  
John T. Nathanson ◽  
Stanislaw Sobotka ◽  
Syed Haider ◽  
Alex Gometz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
High Group ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
And Training

Background: Despite the increased attention to sports-related concussion, the literature lacks information about the environmental factors that contribute to concussion incidence. Previous investigators have noted a decreased rate of concussion in football games played at higher altitude. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the protective effects of altitude on concussion rate, as described by previous investigators, were due to acute effects of altitude exposure or chronic adaptations to training at altitude. Our hypothesis was that these protective effects are not attributable to relative cerebral edema that occurs in conditions of altitude-associated hypobaric hypoxia, known as the “slosh effect,” but rather result from long-term adaptations to training at altitude. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Athletes from the 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 National Football League (NFL) seasons were included in this analysis of publicly available data. Concussion rates were subdivided into 4 groups: (1) low-altitude teams playing below 644 feet (low-low), (2) low-altitude teams playing above 644 feet (low-high), (3) high-altitude teams playing below 644 feet (high-low), and (4) high-altitude teams playing above 644 feet (high-high). Results: Away teams had a significantly higher rate of concussion (0.32 concussions per exposure) compared with their home team counterparts (0.27 concussions per exposure; P = .03). Teams training and playing at high altitude had a 28% decreased concussion rate, which was significantly lower compared with concussion incidence rates for overall, low-low, and high-low groups ( P < .05). In comparison, teams that trained at altitude but played below 644 feet had the highest rate of concussion, at 0.36 concussions per exposure ( P < .05). Conclusion: These data indicate that living and training at altitude may have a protective effect on concussion rate, as evidenced by the significant reduction in the high-high group and the lack of an effect in the low-high group. However, teams from low altitude playing at high altitude did not have a statistically significant reduction in concussion rate. These results show that the slosh theory does not completely explain the effects of altitude on concussion incidence rate in the NFL. Further analyses are needed to investigate the true cause of altitude-induced protection in the NFL.

scholarly journals The effect of L-glutamine and trehalose on dog sperm cryopreservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Caner Öztürk ◽  
Neşe Hayat Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Semen Extender ◽  
Digital Manipulation ◽  
Biochemical Indices

This study aimed to test different doses of L-glutamine and trehalose in the canine semen diluent while determining their protective effects on spermatological and biochemical indices of the thawed samples. Semen samples were collected from three fertile dogs using the digital manipulation method. The mixed ejaculates were divided into five portions at 37 °C and diluted with additives. Five study groups were formed with L-glutamine (10 and 20 mM), trehalose (25 and 50 mM), and no additives (control). After the dilution, the semen samples were cooled for 1.5 h at 5 °C and frozen (-110 to -120 °C) in liquid nitrogen vapor. Then, they were stored at -196 °C. For spermatological evaluations, samples were thawed at 38 °C for 30 s. L-glutamine (20 mM) was found to be significantly different (P < 0.05) and led to higher percentages of motility, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity compared to the control group. Considering the total oxidant status (TOS) assay, the lower values were determined in all the antioxidant groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Supplementing the semen extender with L-glutamine showed a higher total antioxidant status (TAS) concentration compared to the control group (P < 0.05). As a result of this study, a higher protective effect was found in all the spermatological evaluations after thawing the frozen semen samples, especially in the group containing L-glutamine (20 mM).

scholarly journals The Protective Effects of Shen-Fu Injection on Experimental Acute Pancreatitis in a Rat Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Huang ◽  
Jun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Experimental Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Objectives. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of Shen-Fu injection (SFI) on a caerulein-induced rat pancreatitis (AP) model.Methods. SFI was given to rats in the SFI treated group through intraperitoneal injection. Blood and pancreas samples were collected for serological and histopathological studies.Results. Our results showed that AP caused significant decrease in tissue glutathione (GSH) and serum IL-4 and IL-10, while pancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were increased. Furthermore, TNF-α, IL-1β, amylase, and lipase levels were also significantly increased. On the other hand, SFI treatment reserved all these biochemical indices as well as histopathologic alterations that were induced by caerulein.Conclusion. Our findings suggest that the SFI protects against caerulein-induced AP in rats via modulation of cytokines, oxidative stress, and Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Curcumin against the Liver Toxicity Caused by Propanil in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiagoziem A. Otuechere ◽  
Sunny O. Abarikwu ◽  
Victoria I. Olateju ◽  
Azeezat L. Animashaun ◽  
Oluwafemi E. Kale
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Elevated Bilirubin ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Biochemical Indices

We investigated the protective effects of curcumin on propanil-induced alterations in biochemical indices in blood and liver of male Wistar rats. The study consisted of four treatment groups, with six animals each, designated as control, propanil (20mg/kg), curcumin(50 mg/kg), and curcumin (50 mg/kg) + propanil (20 mg/kg). Rats were administered their respective doses orally, every other day, for 28 days. Propanil administration elicited significant (P<0.001) increases in plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, by 24% and 56%, respectively, compared to the control. Treatment with propanil elevated bilirubin, creatinine, and total cholesterol levels in rats, but these were not significant relative to controls. Administration of propanil to rats significantly (P<0.001) increased lipid peroxidation levels. However, catalase activity, vitamin C, and reduced glutathione levels were significantly reduced. Exposure to propanil did not produce any significant changes in packed cell volume, neutrophils, and leukocyte counts. The supplementation of curcumin attenuated the adverse effects of propanil intoxication by reducing lipid peroxidation levels and restored the levels of serum enzymes and reduced glutathione. The present study showed that propanil increased oxidative stress and altered some biochemical parameters in the rats but curcumin could afford some protection to attenuate propanil-induced toxicity in the liver.

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