scholarly journals Bioaerosols in residential micro-environments in low income countries: A case study from Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaheer Ahmad Nasir ◽  
Ian Colbeck ◽  
Sikander Sultan ◽  
Shakil Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries

scholarly journals Exploring referral systems for injured patients in low-income countries: a case study from Cambodia

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nakahara ◽  
S. Saint ◽  
S. Sann ◽  
M. Ichikawa ◽  
A. Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Referral Systems ◽  
Injured Patients

scholarly journals Factors that influence the scale up of new interventions in low-income settings: a qualitative case study of the introduction of chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-451
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Callaghan-Koru ◽  
Munia Islam ◽  
Marufa Khan ◽  
Ardy Sowe ◽  
Jahrul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
National Level ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Low Income Countries

Abstract There is a well-recognized need for empirical study of processes and factors that influence scale up of evidence-based interventions in low-income countries to address the ‘know-do’ gap. We undertook a qualitative case study of the scale up of chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord (CHX) in Bangladesh to identify and compare facilitators and barriers for the institutionalization and expansion stages of scale up. Data collection and analysis for this case study were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the WHO/ExpandNet model of scale up. At the national level, we interviewed 20 stakeholders involved in CHX policy or implementation. At the district level, we conducted interviews with 31 facility-based healthcare providers in five districts and focus group discussions (FGDs) with eight community-based providers and eight programme managers. At the community level, we conducted 7 FGDs with 53 mothers who had a baby within the past year. Expanded interview notes were thematically coded and analysed following an adapted Framework approach. National stakeholders identified external policy and incentives, and the engagement of stakeholders in policy development through the National Technical Working Committee for Newborn Health, as key facilitators for policy and health systems changes. Stakeholders, providers and families perceived the intervention to be simple, safe and effective, and more consistent with family preferences than the prior policy of dry cord care. The major barriers that delayed or decreased the public health impact of the scale up of CHX in Bangladesh’s public health system related to commodity production, procurement and distribution. Bangladesh’s experience scaling up CHX suggests that scale up should involve early needs assessments and planning for institutionalizing new drugs and commodities into the supply chain. While the five CFIR domains were useful for categorizing barriers and facilitators, additional constructs are needed for common health systems barriers in low-income settings.

State of Pharmacoeconomic in Low Income Countries : A Case Study of Yemen

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alshakka ◽  
Thamir Alshammari ◽  
Mukhtar Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries

scholarly journals Climate and Health Co-Benefits in Low-Income Countries: A Case Study of Carbon Financed Water Filters in Kenya and a Call for Independent Monitoring

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy J. Pickering ◽  
Benjamin F. Arnold ◽  
Holly N. Dentz ◽  
John M. Colford ◽  
Clair Null
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Climate And Health ◽  
Water Filters

Case study: Reducing preventable maternal mortality in Rwandan healthcare facilities through improvements in WASH protocols

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Hygiene Practices

Problem A lack of proper water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure and poor hygiene practices reduce the preparedness and response of health care facilities (HCFs) in low-income countries to infection and disease outbreaks. According to a World Bank Service Provision Assessment conducted in 2007, only 28% of HCFs in Rwanda had water access throughout the year supplied by tap and 58% of HCFs provided functioning latrines. 1 This evaluation of services and infrastructure in HCFs in Rwanda indicates that targets for WASH in-country need to be enhanced. Objectives To present a case study of the causes and management of sepsis during delivery that led to the death of a 27-year-old woman, and propose a WASH protocol to be implemented in HCFs in Rwanda. Methods The state of WASH services used by staff, caregivers, and patients in HCFs was assessed in 2009 in national evaluations conducted by the Ministry of Infrastructure of Rwanda. Site selection was purposive, based on the presence of both water and power supply. Direct observation was used to assess water treatment, presence and condition of sanitation facilities and sterile equipment in the delivery room, provision of soap and water, gloves, alcohol-based hand rub, and WASH-related record keeping. Results All healthcare facilities met Ministry policies for water access, but WHO guidelines for environmental standards, including for water quality, were not fully satisfied. Conclusions The promotion and provision of low-cost technologies that enable improved WASH practices could help to reduce high rates of morbidity and mortality due to infection in low-income countries.

Experiences with stakeholder involvement in strategic sanitation planning: a case study of the city of Darkhan, Mongolia

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sigel ◽  
J. Stäudel ◽  
J. Londong
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Sustainable Implementation ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Scientific Outputs ◽  
The City

Stakeholder involvement is a prerequisite in urban strategic sanitation planning, particularly in low-income countries. This paper investigates the experiences and lessons learnt in terms of effective stakeholder involvement gained from a case study on strategic sanitation planning in a peri-urban sub-district in the city of Darkhan, Mongolia. Conceptually the Darkhan case study builds on a participatory sanitation planning approach known in the literature as community-led urban environmental sanitation (CLUES) planning. Firstly, a brief introduction to the CLUES approach, its basic principles for effective stakeholder involvement and its adaptation to the Darkhan case study is given. Secondly, two relevant planning steps including the building and testing of pilot facilities are described and assessed in terms of effective stakeholder involvement. It is shown that even if not all basic principles could be fulfilled adequately, the participatory planning framework helped to improve the scientific outputs of the project – mainly the technological research and development – and to smooth the way for further actions towards the sustainable implementation of measures on a larger scale.

Cambodian girls' recommendations for facilitating menstrual hygiene management in school

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Connolly ◽  
Marni Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Teaching Methodologies ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene Management ◽  
Hygiene Management ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Inadequate school water and sanitation facilities in many low-income countries, including Cambodia, are problematic for pubescent girls as they reach menarche and must subsequently manage monthly menses while attending school. This comparative case study explored girls' own suggestions for improving the pubertal guidance they receive in the classroom, and for modifications of existing school water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities in order to better meet schoolgirls' menstrual hygiene management needs. Key findings included girls' recommendations for teaching methodologies that encourage questions and practical content regarding puberty and menstrual management before the onset of menarche, and WASH-specific recommendations for the increased availability of water and sanitary materials in toilet stalls and greater privacy from boys and other girls. Incorporating girls' recommendations into WASH, health and education related policy and programming in low-income countries would allow girls to comfortably and confidently manage menses within the school environment.

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