scholarly journals Sea-ice eukaryotes of the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea, and evidence for herbivory on weakly shade-adapted ice algae

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Majaneva ◽  
Jaanika Blomster ◽  
Susann Müller ◽  
Riitta Autio ◽  
Sanna Majaneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Ice Algae ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

scholarly journals Primary production calculations for sea ice from bio-optical observations in the Baltic Sea

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Müller ◽  
Anssi V. Vähätalo ◽  
Jari Uusikivi ◽  
Markus Majaneva ◽  
Sanna Majaneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

Abstract Bio-optics is a powerful approach for estimating photosynthesis rates, but has seldom been applied to sea ice, where measuring photosynthesis is a challenge. We measured absorption coefficients of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), algae, and non-algal particles along with solar radiation, albedo and transmittance at four sea-ice stations in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. This unique compilation of optical and biological data for Baltic Sea ice was used to build a radiative transfer model describing the light field and the light absorption by algae in 1-cm increments. The maximum quantum yields and photoadaptation of photosynthesis were determined from 14C-incorporation in photosynthetic-irradiance experiments using melted ice. The quantum yields were applied to the radiative transfer model estimating the rate of photosynthesis based on incident solar irradiance measured at 1-min intervals. The calculated depth-integrated mean primary production was 5 mg C m–2 d–1 for the surface layer (0–20 cm ice depth) at Station 3 (fast ice) and 0.5 mg C m–2 d–1 for the bottom layer (20–57 cm ice depth). Additional calculations were performed for typical sea ice in the area in March using all ice types and a typical light spectrum, resulting in depth-integrated mean primary production rates of 34 and 5.6 mg C m–2 d–1 in surface ice and bottom ice, respectively. These calculated rates were compared to rates determined from 14C incorporation experiments with melted ice incubated in situ. The rate of the calculated photosynthesis and the rates measured in situ at Station 3 were lower than those calculated by the bio-optical algorithm for typical conditions in March in the Gulf of Finland by the bio-optical algorithm. Nevertheless, our study shows the applicability of bio-optics for estimating the photosynthesis of sea-ice algae.

Scales of horizontal patchiness in chlorophyll a, chemical and physical properties of landfast sea ice in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea)

Polar Biology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats A. Granskog ◽  
Hermanni Kaartokallio ◽  
Harri Kuosa ◽  
David N. Thomas ◽  
Jens Ehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Landfast Sea Ice ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

Optical Measurements of Sea Ice in the Gulf of Finland

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 207-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Rasmus ◽  
Jens Ehn ◽  
Mats Granskog ◽  
Eija Kärkäs ◽  
Matti Leppäranta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Fast Ice ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Weakly Dependent ◽  
Good Agreement

During the spring of 1998, measurements of total albedos, spectral albedos and ice transparency were made on coastal fast ice in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea, to produce values for models, to compare instruments and to test a new method for measuring under ice irradiance. The broadband albedos between 400 and 700 nm varied between 0.19 and 0.76, and those between 300 and 1,100 nm were from 0.16 to 0.75. The condition of the surface, and especially the presence of liquid water or snow, was the most important factor affecting the albedos, but also the cloudcover and forest shading had an effect. The diffuse attenuation coefficient integrated over the range 400 to 700 nm was 6.8 m−1. Spectral albedos were weakly dependent on wavelength in the visible band (300-800 nm) decreasing in the longer wavelengths. The albedo results were in good agreement with earlier observations.

scholarly journals Time-series observations of the structure and properties of brackish ice in the Gulf of Finland

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kawamura ◽  
K. Shirasawa ◽  
N. Ishikawa ◽  
A. Lindfors ◽  
K. Rasmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Brackish Ice ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

AbstractThe Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed brackish water basin where sea ice occurs annually. The sea-ice study discussed here was conducted as a Finnish-Japanese cooperative research programme entitled "Ice Climatology of the Okhotsk and Baltic Seas’’ to investigate the structure and properties of the brackish ice in the Baltic Sea. Ice, snow and water samples were collected at Santala Bay, near the mouth of the Gulf of Finland, once a week from 20 January to 12 April 1999. The salinity and oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of the samples were measured. The ice samples were analyzed stratigraphically. The ice was composed of a granular upper layer, occupying approximately one-third of the entire ice thickness, and underlying columnar ice toward the bottom. The crystallography structure and δ18O values reveal that the granular ice consisted of two layers with different origins, i.e. snow ice and superimposed ice. The fraction of snow relative to the total thickness was estimated. The limited data show a significant contribution of the snow cover to the sea-ice development. The salinity of the granular ice was higher than that of the columnar ice, implying that the mechanism of entrapment of brine may be different between the two ice types.

The mussel caging approach in assessing biological effects of wastewater treatment plant discharges in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea)

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raisa Turja ◽  
Kari K. Lehtonen ◽  
Axel Meierjohann ◽  
Jenny-Maria Brozinski ◽  
Emil Vahtera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

scholarly journals An integrated simulation model to evaluate national measures for the abatement of agricultural nutrients in the Baltic Sea

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 440-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. HYYTIÄINEN ◽  
H. AHTIAINEN ◽  
J. HEIKKILÄ
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Bothnian Bay ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

This study introduces a prototype model for evaluating measures to abate agricultural nutrients in the Baltic Sea from a Finnish national perspective. The stochastic simulation model integrates nutrient dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sea basins adjoining the Finnish coast, nutrient loads from land and other sources, benefits from nutrient abatement (in the form of recreation and other ecosystem services) and the costs of agricultural abatement activities. The aim of the study is to present the overall structure of the model and to demonstrate its potential using preliminary parameters. The model is made flexible for further improvements in all of its ecological and economic components. The results of a sensitivity analysis suggest that investments in reducing the nutrient load from arable land in Finland would become profitable only if the neighboring countries in the northern Baltic committed themselves to similar reductions. Environmental investments for improving water quality yield the highest returns for the Bothnian Bay and the Gulf of Finland, with smaller returns for the Bothnian Sea. Somewhat surprisingly, in the Bothnian Bay the abatement activities become profitable from the national viewpoint, because the riverine loads from Finland represent a high proportion of the total nutrient loads. In the Gulf of Finland, this proportion is low, but the size of the coastal population benefiting from improved water quality is high.;

Three new chrysophycean stomatocysts with long spines from the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 528 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
SVETLANA N. SHADRINA
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Sem Micrographs ◽  
Biological Affinity ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

Three new morphotypes of chrysophycean stomatocysts with long spines are described following International Statospore Working Group (ISWG) guidelines and illustrated by SEM micrographs. Differences of our new morphotypes from known stomatocysts are discussed. Their biological affinity is currently unknown.

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