scholarly journals Seasonal development of the properties and composition of landfast sea ice in the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea

2004 ◽  
Vol 109 (C2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats A. Granskog
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Landfast Sea Ice ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

scholarly journals Time-series observations of the structure and properties of brackish ice in the Gulf of Finland

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kawamura ◽  
K. Shirasawa ◽  
N. Ishikawa ◽  
A. Lindfors ◽  
K. Rasmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Brackish Ice ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

AbstractThe Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed brackish water basin where sea ice occurs annually. The sea-ice study discussed here was conducted as a Finnish-Japanese cooperative research programme entitled "Ice Climatology of the Okhotsk and Baltic Seas’’ to investigate the structure and properties of the brackish ice in the Baltic Sea. Ice, snow and water samples were collected at Santala Bay, near the mouth of the Gulf of Finland, once a week from 20 January to 12 April 1999. The salinity and oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of the samples were measured. The ice samples were analyzed stratigraphically. The ice was composed of a granular upper layer, occupying approximately one-third of the entire ice thickness, and underlying columnar ice toward the bottom. The crystallography structure and δ18O values reveal that the granular ice consisted of two layers with different origins, i.e. snow ice and superimposed ice. The fraction of snow relative to the total thickness was estimated. The limited data show a significant contribution of the snow cover to the sea-ice development. The salinity of the granular ice was higher than that of the columnar ice, implying that the mechanism of entrapment of brine may be different between the two ice types.

scholarly journals An integrated simulation model to evaluate national measures for the abatement of agricultural nutrients in the Baltic Sea

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 440-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. HYYTIÄINEN ◽  
H. AHTIAINEN ◽  
J. HEIKKILÄ
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Bothnian Bay ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

This study introduces a prototype model for evaluating measures to abate agricultural nutrients in the Baltic Sea from a Finnish national perspective. The stochastic simulation model integrates nutrient dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sea basins adjoining the Finnish coast, nutrient loads from land and other sources, benefits from nutrient abatement (in the form of recreation and other ecosystem services) and the costs of agricultural abatement activities. The aim of the study is to present the overall structure of the model and to demonstrate its potential using preliminary parameters. The model is made flexible for further improvements in all of its ecological and economic components. The results of a sensitivity analysis suggest that investments in reducing the nutrient load from arable land in Finland would become profitable only if the neighboring countries in the northern Baltic committed themselves to similar reductions. Environmental investments for improving water quality yield the highest returns for the Bothnian Bay and the Gulf of Finland, with smaller returns for the Bothnian Sea. Somewhat surprisingly, in the Bothnian Bay the abatement activities become profitable from the national viewpoint, because the riverine loads from Finland represent a high proportion of the total nutrient loads. In the Gulf of Finland, this proportion is low, but the size of the coastal population benefiting from improved water quality is high.;

scholarly journals Influence of St. Petersburg urban rivers on the inflow of pollutants into the Baltic Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Stepan Klubov ◽  
Victor Tretyakov
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Urban Rivers ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

The results of the calculation of the inflow of pollutants into the Gulf of Finland with the outflow from Saint Petersburg watercourses are considered. Data of regular hydrochemical observations by State Unitary Enterprise “Vodokanal of Saint Petersburg” for 2018 were used for the calculation. The contribution of the megalopolis of Saint Petersburg to change of the pollutants inflow is estimated.

The significance of wave–current interaction on modelled wave fields in the Baltic Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedi Kanarik ◽  
Laura Tuomi ◽  
Jan-Victor Björkqvist ◽  
Tuomas Kärnä ◽  
Antti Westerlund
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Hydrodynamical Model ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Surface Currents ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Notable Effect ◽  
Baltic Proper ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

<p>Currents in the Baltic Sea are relatively weak and are thus often expected to have a negligible effect on sea surface waves. To evaluate the magnitude of wave–current interactions in the Baltic Sea, we ran the third generation wave model WAM with and without surface currents from the 3D hydrodynamical model Nemo4. The results showed that the currents have a notable effect on wave field only on rare occasions and that the effects are largest in coastal areas of the Baltic Proper, most notably in the western Gotland Basin, and the Gulf of Finland. The simulations showed that the currents in the Baltic Sea can cause differences of significant wave height up to tens of centimeters. More notable effect was the change in the peak of the wave spectrum from swell to wind driven waves and vice versa in some occasions. In our study w<span>e mostly focus on the events of strong wave–current interactions in the northern Baltic Proper and Gulf of Finland as we have measured wave spectra available from these locations. From the comparison with wave buoy measurements we see that implementing surface currents</span> <span>slightly improves the </span><span>m</span><span>odelled peak period in the Gulf of Finland.</span> <span>The Gulf of Finland is of special interest also because a group of ADCP’s were installed close to the wave buoy. The current measurements from these devices can therefore be used to evaluate the accuracy of the currents in the hydrodynamical model. </span></p>

Assessment of biogenous load on the Gulf of Finland exerted from the Russian territory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Voronov ◽  
Nataly Victorova ◽  
Dmitry Shilov
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Russian Territory ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

<p>The purpose of the essay was analysis and evaluation of the load generated by pollutants in the Russian part of the catchment area directly entering the Baltic Sea, as well as consideration of pro-rata contribution of all sources in the formation of factual biogenous load at the catchment areas of rivers flowing into the Gulf of Finland.</p><p>The assessment of biogenous load was made on the basis of observation data, statistical reporting data, mathematical modelling data and additional monitoring data for bodies of water in previously uncontrolled areas. To assess the amount of biogenous input from uncontrolled tributaries of the Gulf of Finland, field observations of the discharge and concentration of pollutants over a number of past years were analyzed and generalized.</p><p>It is noted that there has been a tendency towards reduction of pollutants for a number of substances in the last decade, as shown by the analysis. It is demonstrated that a significant decrease is due to reduced load from point sources that discharge pollutants directly to the Baltic Sea and its bays. Some proposals are presented for improving the Russian system of monitoring the load exerted on water bodies.</p>

High-resolution dynamics of the spring bloom in the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Lips ◽  
Nelli Rünk ◽  
Villu Kikas ◽  
Aet Meerits ◽  
Urmas Lips
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Spring Bloom ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland
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