Using a farming system model to evaluate cropping system prototypes: Are labour constraints and economic performances hampering the adoption of Integrated Weed Management?

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pardo ◽  
M. Riravololona ◽  
N.M. Munier-Jolain
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming System ◽  
System Model ◽  
Integrated Weed Management

scholarly journals Quantifying Water Quality Improvements through Use of Precision Herbicide Application Technologies in a Dry-Tropical, Furrow-Irrigated Cropping System

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2326
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Davis ◽  
Catherine Neelamraju
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Practice Change ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
System Use

This study compared water quality effects of using precision herbicide application technologies and traditional spraying approaches across several regulated ‘priority’ and alternative pre- and post-emergent herbicides in a northern Australian cane farming system. Use of herbicide banding spray technologies resulted in pre-emergent herbicide load reductions, extending substantially beyond simple proportionate decreases in the amount of herbicide ingredient applied to paddocks. Aquatic risk assessment from resultant chemical mixtures leaving paddocks, and upscaled to local catchment concentrations, highlighted that precision application technologies could markedly reduce the ecological risk of pre-emergent herbicides. These risk reductions were, however, often complicated by the additional toxicity of post-emergent herbicides in mixtures, some associated with the adoption of band-spraying weed treatments. While the currently regulated priority herbicide, diuron, posed the greatest risk to the environment, alternative herbicides could still pose significant environmental risks, although these relative risks were lower at more ecologically relevant concentrations, typically found in the local freshwater ecosystems. Results underline the need for a carefully considered approach to integrating alternative herbicides and precision application technologies into improved weed management by irrigating cane farmers. Recent government changes to the appraisal of water quality improvement progress, from load-based to ecosystem-based targets, involving a much broader suite of herbicides, also appear likely to complicate assessment of the environmental impacts of practice change adoption for the industry.

The economic value of haying and green manuring in the integrated management of annual ryegrass and wild radish in a Western Australian farming system

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Monjardino ◽  
D. J. Pannell ◽  
S. B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Green Manuring

Most cropping farms in Western Australia must deal with the management of herbicide-resistant populations of weeds such as annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Farmers are approaching the problem of herbicide resistance by adopting integrated weed management systems, which allow weed control with a range of different techniques. These systems include non-herbicide methods ranging from delayed seeding and high crop seeding rates to the use of non-cropping phases in the rotation. In this paper, the Multi-species RIM (resistance and integrated management) model was used to investigate the value of including non-cropping phases in the crop rotation. Non-crop options investigated here were haying and green manuring. Despite them providing excellent weed control, it was found that inclusion of these non-cropping phases did not increase returns, except in cases of extreme weed numbers and high levels of herbicide resistance.

A Reintroduction to Integrated Weed Management

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde L. Elmore
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Crop Management ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Management Hierarchy ◽  
Crop Management Systems

Integrated Weed Management (IWM), a long time practice by farmers has become more commonly discussed as a total weed management system. Whether an off shoot of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) or a further recognition of integrating weed control measures within the cropping and farming system, it has become more widespread. IWM is being practiced using many of the same components, from croplands to forests and rangeland. A weed management hierarchy has been developed by degree of diversity of management practices. IWM researchers and educators should invite other pest management specialists to join us in striving for Integrated Crop Management systems.

scholarly journals A “Stressed” Alfalfa-Based Cropping System Leads to the Selection of Quizalofop-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perennessp.multiflorum)

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Collavo ◽  
Silvia Panozzo ◽  
Antonio Allegri ◽  
Maurizio Sattin
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Quizalofop Ethyl ◽  
Selection Of

Italian ryegrass populations investigated in this study were harvested in an alfalfa-based cropping system. In that system, the agronomic practices and chemical weed management, based on the use of aryloxyphenoxy-propionates herbicides (i.e., quizalofop ethyl ester), were optimized to obtain a dual seed–forage production. Five of seven populations tested were confirmed resistant to quizalofop ethyl ester with resistance indexes ranging from 4.5 to >209. Both target- and nontarget-site resistance mechanisms were most likely involved. Three allelic variants were detected (Ile-1781–Leu, Trp-2027–Cys, and Ile-2041–Asn) in four resistant populations, whereas no known mutations were found in one resistant population. The herbicide treatment on Italian ryegrass plants at different phenological stages suggested that to control regrowth, it is necessary to use two to fives times the herbicide dose suitable for younger plants. This situation is encountered in fields when Italian ryegrass plants need to be controlled to maximize the alfalfa seed production, and it is comparable to using a sublethal herbicide dose, leading to the selection of herbicide-resistant biotypes. In such a situation, the cropping system is not sustainable, and integrated weed management should be implemented to deplete the soil weed seed bank and prevent new weed seed production.

Grain grower perceptions and use of integrated weed management

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Llewellyn ◽  
R. K. Lindner ◽  
D. J. Pannell ◽  
S. B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Management Decision Making

Greater adoption of integrated weed management, to reduce herbicide reliance, is an objective of many research and extension programmes. In Australian grain-growing regions, integrated weed management is particularly important for the management of herbicide resistance in weeds. In this study, survey data from personal interviews with 132 Western Australian grain growers are used to characterise the use and perceptions of integrated weed management practices. The main objective was to identify opportunities for improved weed management decision making, through targeted research and extension. The extent to which integrated weed management practices are used on individual farms was measured. Perceptions of the efficacy and reliability of various weed management practices were elicited for control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.), along with perceptions of the economic value of integrated weed management practices relative to selective herbicides. All growers were shown to be using several integrated weed management practices, although the use of some practices was strongly associated with the presence of a herbicide-resistant weed population. In general, both users and non-users were found to have high levels of awareness of integrated weed management practices and their weed control efficacy. Herbicide-based practices were perceived to be the most cost-effective. Opportunities for greater adoption of integrated weed management practices, to conserve the existing herbicide resource, exist where practices can be shown to offer greater shorter-term economic value, not necessarily just in terms of weed control, but to the broader farming system.

scholarly journals A Review of Long-Term Organic Comparison Trials in the U.S.

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Delate ◽  
Cynthia Cambardella ◽  
Craig Chase ◽  
Robert Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
The U.S

<p>Long-term organic farming system trials were established across the U.S. to capture baseline agronomic, economic and environmental data related to organic conversion under varying climatic conditions. These sites have proven useful in providing supporting evidence for successful transition from conventional to organic practices. All experiments chosen for this review were transdisciplinary in nature; analyzed comprehensive system components (productivity, soil health, pest status, and economics); and contained all crops within each rotation and cropping system each year to ensure the most robust analysis. In addition to yield comparisons, necessary for determining the viability of organic operations, ecosystem services, such as soil carbon capture, nutrient cycling, pest suppression, and water quality enhancement, have been documented for organic systems in these trials. Outcomes from these long-term trials have been critical in elucidating factors underlying less than optimal yields in organic systems, which typically involved inadequate weed management and insufficient soil fertility at certain sites. Finally, these experiments serve as valuable demonstrations of the economic viability of organic systems for farmers and policymakers interested in viewing farm-scale organic operations and crop performance.</p>

scholarly journals Weed supression by smother crops and selective herbicides

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco José Severino ◽  
Pedro Jacob Christoffoleti
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Arachis Pintoi

Using a smother crop is thought to suppress weed density and to add other beneficial effects in sustainable agricultural systems. Weed suppression ought to be considered an essential component of integrated weed management. However, very little is known about the effects of green manure plants on weeds. This study evaluated the influence of three green manure species on weed suppression and selectivity of herbicides. A field experiment was designed to determine the effect of the green manure species Crotalaria juncea, Arachis pintoi and pigeon pea on the weeds Brachiaria decumbens, guineagrass and hairy beggarticks, and on the natural weed infestation in the inter rows area of an avocado orchard. The weed species were suppressed differently by each green manure species. Soil samples collected from the field experiment presented a residual effect, of at least 30 d, in suppressing weed seed bank recruitment; this residual effect was caused by the residues of the green manure present in the soil. When the green manure was incorporated into the top 5 cm of soil or left on the surface, in a greenhouse experiment, the emergence of weed seeds was significantly inhibited, depending on the species, and on the amount and depth of green manure incorporation. Greenhouse experiments indicate that pre-emergence herbicides cause lower phytotoxicity than post-emergence Arachis pintoi. Smother crops using green manure species, when well established in an area, provide additional weed control to the cropping system and are effective and valuable tools in integrated weed management.

scholarly journals Crop diversification for weed management in organic arable cropping systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livija Zarina ◽  
Barbel Gerowitt ◽  
Bo Melander ◽  
Jukka Salonen ◽  
Roman Krawczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Arable Farming

<p>Within the ERA-net CORE Organic Plus transnational programmes supported project PRODIVA producing of the information required for a better utilization of crop diversification for weed management in North European organic arable cropping systems was started. To fulfill the goal of this project- not to eradicate weed problems, which is unlikely to happen in any arable farming system, but to maintain a diversified and manageable weed flora that can support beneficial organisms- there were data from ongoing long-termed cropping system experiments from Latvia analyzed.</p><p>It is hypothesised that: a) perennial weeds can be suppressed in the post-harvest period by improved cover crop establishment and pertinent selection of cover crop species; b) on-farm practices of crop diversification are related to weed pressure and species composition.</p><p class="R-MainText">On the bases on data from organic farm and ongoing long-termed cropping system experiment on weed dynamics in six-field crop rotations with cover crop was concluded that red clover as cover crop after the harvest period is effective to manage perennial weeds. In crop rotation with higher proportions of cereals weed infection growth in six-field rotation with 50% share of cereals up to 3.4, but with 33.3 %  share-up to 2.1 times.</p>

The economic value of pasture phases in the integrated management of annual ryegrass and wild radish in a Western Australian farming system

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Monjardino ◽  
D. J. Pannell ◽  
S. B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum

Most cropping farms in Western Australia must deal with the management of herbicide-resistant populations of weeds such as annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum�L.). Farmers are approaching the problem of herbicide resistance by adopting integrated weed management systems, which allow weed control with a range of different techniques. One important question in the design of such systems is whether and when the benefits of including pasture in rotation with crops exceed the costs. In this paper, the multi-species resistance and integrated management model was used to investigate the value of including pasture phases in the crop rotation. The most promising of the systems examined appears to be so-called 'phase farming', involving occasional 3-year phases of pasture rather than shorter, more frequent and regular pasture phases. This approach was competitive with the best continuous cropping rotation in a number of scenarios, particularly where herbicide resistance was at high levels.

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