Grain grower perceptions and use of integrated weed management

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Llewellyn ◽  
R. K. Lindner ◽  
D. J. Pannell ◽  
S. B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Management Decision Making

Greater adoption of integrated weed management, to reduce herbicide reliance, is an objective of many research and extension programmes. In Australian grain-growing regions, integrated weed management is particularly important for the management of herbicide resistance in weeds. In this study, survey data from personal interviews with 132 Western Australian grain growers are used to characterise the use and perceptions of integrated weed management practices. The main objective was to identify opportunities for improved weed management decision making, through targeted research and extension. The extent to which integrated weed management practices are used on individual farms was measured. Perceptions of the efficacy and reliability of various weed management practices were elicited for control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.), along with perceptions of the economic value of integrated weed management practices relative to selective herbicides. All growers were shown to be using several integrated weed management practices, although the use of some practices was strongly associated with the presence of a herbicide-resistant weed population. In general, both users and non-users were found to have high levels of awareness of integrated weed management practices and their weed control efficacy. Herbicide-based practices were perceived to be the most cost-effective. Opportunities for greater adoption of integrated weed management practices, to conserve the existing herbicide resource, exist where practices can be shown to offer greater shorter-term economic value, not necessarily just in terms of weed control, but to the broader farming system.

Herbicide Timing and Rate Effects on Weed Management in Three Herbicide-Resistant Canola Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
George W. Clayton ◽  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Herbicide Timing ◽  
Weed Removal

Herbicide-resistant canola dominates the canola market in Canada. A multiyear field experiment was conducted at three locations to investigate the effect of time of weed removal (two-, four-, or six-leaf canola) and herbicide rate (50 or 100% recommended) in three herbicide-resistant canola systems. Weeds were controlled in glufosinate-resistant canola (GLU) with glufosinate, in glyphosate-resistant canola (GLY) with glyphosate, and in imidazolinone-resistant canola (IMI) with a 50:50 mixture of imazamox and imazethapyr. Canola yields were similar among the three canola cultivar–herbicide systems. Yields were not influenced by 50 vs. 100% herbicide rates. Timing of weed removal had the greatest effect on canola yield, with weed removal at the four-leaf stage giving the highest yields in most cases. Percent dockage was often greater for GLU and IMI than for GLY. In comparison with the other treatments, dockage levels doubled for GLU after application at 50% herbicide rates. The consistency of monocot weed control was usually greater for GLY than for GLU or IMI systems. However, weed biomass data revealed no differences in dicot weed control consistency between IMI and GLY systems. Greater dockage and weed biomass variability after weed removal at the six-leaf stage or after low herbicide rates suggests higher weed seed production, which could constrain the adoption of integrated weed management practices in subsequent years.

Targeting key perceptions when planning and evaluating extension

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Llewellyn ◽  
D. J. Pannell ◽  
R. K. Lindner ◽  
S. B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Farmer Perceptions ◽  
Systems Model

Early identification of farmer perceptions influencing particular farm management decisions provides the opportunity to more effectively focus investment in research and extension. A survey-based study examining the adoption of integrated weed management by Western Australian grain growers was used to demonstrate how identification of key farmer perceptions can help to guide research and extension priorities. It was found that the adoption of integrated weed management practices was influenced by grower perceptions of herbicide resistance-related factors and of the efficacy and economic value of integrated weed management practices in the farming system. However, there were generally no significant differences between the perceptions of practice efficacy held by users and non-users of the integrated weed management practices. As initial perceptions of efficacy were generally consistent with local field experience, it was expected that extension would not have a major influence on this variable. Consistent with this, participation by growers in a workshop based on the bio-economic farming systems model, resistance integrated management (RIM), did not result in changes in perceptions of practice efficacy. However, changes in the perceived short-term economic value of some weed management practices did occur where the broader value of practices to the farming system, not necessarily relating to weed control, could be demonstrated. This also led to more growers deciding to adopt those practices. For example, intended wheat seeding rates were shown to increase by 5 kg/ha as a result of participation in the extension activity. Determining the perceptions influencing adoption, and then identifying the major learning opportunities can be valuable in focusing research and extension. Measures of perceptions also allow learning to be evaluated. In the case study of adoption of the integrated weed management practices in WA, it seems that emphasis on developing and extending the farming-systems impacts beyond just weed and resistance management is likely to be more effective than focusing on the efficacy of the practices for controlling major weeds.

scholarly journals Herbicide-resistant crops in resistant weed management : An industrial perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shaner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Some of the first products of biotechnology to reach the marketplace have been herbicide-resistant crops. Industry sees the development of herbicide-resistant varieties as a way to increase the availability of proven herbicides for a broader range of crops. However, the development of herbicide- resistant crops requires special attention to potential environmental questions such as herbicide usage, selection of resistant weed biotypes and spread of resistance from the resistant crop to wild species. Industry is actively addressing these concerns during the process of development. Proper development and use of herbicide-resistant crops in integrated weed management programs will provide farmers with increased flexibility, efficiency, and decreased cost in their weed control practices without increasing the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds. Furthermore, herbicide-resistant crops should prove to be valuable tools in managing herbicide- resistant weeds.

The economic value of haying and green manuring in the integrated management of annual ryegrass and wild radish in a Western Australian farming system

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Monjardino ◽  
D. J. Pannell ◽  
S. B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Green Manuring

Most cropping farms in Western Australia must deal with the management of herbicide-resistant populations of weeds such as annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Farmers are approaching the problem of herbicide resistance by adopting integrated weed management systems, which allow weed control with a range of different techniques. These systems include non-herbicide methods ranging from delayed seeding and high crop seeding rates to the use of non-cropping phases in the rotation. In this paper, the Multi-species RIM (resistance and integrated management) model was used to investigate the value of including non-cropping phases in the crop rotation. Non-crop options investigated here were haying and green manuring. Despite them providing excellent weed control, it was found that inclusion of these non-cropping phases did not increase returns, except in cases of extreme weed numbers and high levels of herbicide resistance.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Cranberries: A Historical Perspective and a Look to the Future

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
The Impact

Integrated weed management (IWM) has been part of cranberry cultivation since its inception in the early 19th century. Proper site and cultivar selection, good drainage, rapid vine establishment, and hand weeding are as important now for successful weed management as when the industry first started. In 1940, Extension publications listed eight herbicides (e.g., petroleum-based products, inorganic salts and sulfates) for weed control. Currently, 18 herbicides representing 11 different modes of action are registered for use on cranberries. Nonchemical methods, such as hand weeding, sanding, flooding, and proper fertilization, remain integral for managing weed populations; new tactics such as flame cultivation have been added to the toolbox. Priority ratings have been developed to aid in weed management planning. Despite many efforts, biological control of weeds remains elusive on the commercial scale. Evaluation of new herbicides, unmanned aerial systems (UAS), image analysis, and precision agriculture technology; investigation of other management practices for weeds and their natural enemies; utilization of computational decision making and Big Data; and determination of the impact of climate change are research areas whose results will translate into new use recommendations for the weed control of cranberry.

A Reintroduction to Integrated Weed Management

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde L. Elmore
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Crop Management ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Management Hierarchy ◽  
Crop Management Systems

Integrated Weed Management (IWM), a long time practice by farmers has become more commonly discussed as a total weed management system. Whether an off shoot of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) or a further recognition of integrating weed control measures within the cropping and farming system, it has become more widespread. IWM is being practiced using many of the same components, from croplands to forests and rangeland. A weed management hierarchy has been developed by degree of diversity of management practices. IWM researchers and educators should invite other pest management specialists to join us in striving for Integrated Crop Management systems.

scholarly journals Reducing the Risks of Herbicide Resistance: Best Management Practices and Recommendations

Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (SP1) ◽  
pp. 31-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Sarah M. Ward ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Rick S. Llewellyn ◽  
Robert L. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Soil Seedbank

Herbicides are the foundation of weed control in commercial crop-production systems. However, herbicide-resistant (HR) weed populations are evolving rapidly as a natural response to selection pressure imposed by modern agricultural management activities. Mitigating the evolution of herbicide resistance depends on reducing selection through diversification of weed control techniques, minimizing the spread of resistance genes and genotypes via pollen or propagule dispersal, and eliminating additions of weed seed to the soil seedbank. Effective deployment of such a multifaceted approach will require shifting from the current concept of basing weed management on single-year economic thresholds.

Effect of Seeding Rate on Dose Response of Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) to Fluthiacet-Methyl

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collen Redlick ◽  
Hema S. N. Duddu ◽  
Lena D. Syrovy ◽  
Christian J. Willenborg ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Seed Yields

Concern over the development of herbicide-resistant weeds has led to interest in integrated weed management systems that reduce selection pressure by utilizing mechanical and cultural weed control practices in addition to herbicides. Increasing crop seeding rate increases crop competitive ability and thus can enhance herbicide efficacy. However, it is unknown how increasing the seeding rate affects an herbicide’s efficacy. The objective of this study was to examine the interaction between increasing seeding rate and herbicide dose to control weeds. To meet this objective, the herbicide fluthiacet-methyl was applied to field-grown lentil, with Indian mustard, a proxy for wild mustard, used as a model weed. The experiment was a factorial design with four lentil seeding rates and seven herbicide rates. Overall the herbicide dose response was altered by changing lentil seeding rate. Increasing lentil seeding rate decreased the weed biomass production when herbicides were not applied. In two of the four site-years, increasing lentil seeding rate lowered the herbicide ED50, the dose required to result in a 50% reduction in weed biomass. Increasing the crop seeding rate altered the dose response to provide greater weed control at lower herbicide rates compared with normal crop seeding rates. Increased seeding rates also resulted in higher and more stable crop seed yields across a wider range of herbicide dosages. These results suggest that dose–response models can be used to evaluate the efficacy of other weed management practices that can interact with herbicide performance.

scholarly journals Novel sensor-based method (quick test) for the in-season rapid evaluation of herbicide efficacy under real field conditions in durum wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Ilias Travlos ◽  
Anastasia Tsekoura ◽  
Nikolaos Antonopoulos ◽  
Panagiotis Kanatas ◽  
Ioannis Gazoulis
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Herbicide Resistant

AbstractOptimum herbicide use is a key factor affecting the success of any integrated weed management strategy. The main objective of the current study was to implement a method based on spectrometer measurements for the in situ evaluation of herbicide efficacy and the detection of potentially herbicide-resistant weeds. Field trials were conducted in Greece between 2018 and 2020 in several durum wheat fields (Triticum durum Desf.). In all trials, the overall effect of herbicide application on the recorded Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values (at 1 and 2 wk after treatment [WAT]) was significant (P ≤ 0.001). For the majority of the surveyed fields, low NDVI values were recorded after 2,4-D application and a mixture of clopyralid + florasulam from 1 WAT, suggesting their increased efficacy. In several cases, the application of pyroxsulam + florasulam resulted in significant NDVI reductions at 2 WAT. As observed at the end of the growing seasons, the herbicides that reduced NDVI resulted in lower weed biomass. Strong correlations were observed between weed aboveground biomass and NDVI (2 WAT). In particular, R2 values were 0.8234 to 0.8649, 0.8453, 0.8595, 0.8149, and 0.8925 for the Aliartos, Thiva, Domokos, Larissa, and Orestiada fields, respectively. The overall effects of herbicide application on wheat grain yield were also significant (P ≤ 0.001). Pot experiments confirmed that the high NDVI values in some cases could be attributed to the presence of herbicide-resistant weeds. For instance, the resistance indices of two accessions of catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine L.) to mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium ranged between 9.7 and 13.2, whereas one sterile oat [Avena sterilis L. ssp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne] accession was 8.8 times more resistant to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl than a susceptible one. The present study is targeted at making a significant contribution toward establishing cause–effect relationships and presenting a useful tool for developing more effective weed management practices in more arable crops and under different soil and climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Integrated weed management in transplanted rice: Options for addressing labor constraints and improving farmers’ income in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Sharif Ahmed ◽  
Virender Kumar ◽  
Murshedul Alam ◽  
Mahbubur Rahman Dewan ◽  
Khairul Alam Bhuiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Hand Weeding

Abstract In Bangladesh, weeds in transplanted rice are largely controlled by labor-intensive and costly manual weeding, resulting in inadequate and untimely weed control. Labor scarcity coupled with intensive rice production has triggered increased use of herbicides. These factors warrant a cost-effective and strategic integrated weed management (IWM) approaches. On-farm trials with transplanted rice were conducted during monsoon (‘Aman’) season in 2016 and 2017 and winter (‘Boro’) season in 2016 to 2017 in agroecological zones 11 and 12 with ten treatments - seven herbicide-based IWM options, one mechanical weed control-based option, and two checks – farmers’ current weed control practice and weed-free, to assess effects on weed control, grain yield, labor use, and profitability. Compared to farmers’ practice, herbicide-based IWM options with mefenacet+bensulfuron-methyl as preemergence (PRE) followed by (fb) either bispyribac-sodium or penoxsulam as postemergence (POST) fb one hand-weeding (HW) were most profitable alternatives, with reductions in labor requirement by 11 to 25 persons-day ha−1 and total weed control cost by USD 44 to 94 ha−1, resulting in net returns increases by USD 54 to 77 ha−1 without compromising on grain yield. In contrast, IWM options with bispyrbac-sodium or penoxsulam as POST application fb one HW reduced yields by 12 to 13% and profits by USD 71 to 190 ha−1. Non-chemical option with mechanical weeding fb one HW performed similarly to farmers’ practice on yield and profitability. We suggest additional research to develop feasible herbicide-free approaches to weed management in transplanted rice that can offer competitive advantages to current practices.

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