scholarly journals Neural mechanisms of response-preparation and inhibition in bilingual and monolingual children: Lateralized Readiness Potentials (LRPs) during a nonverbal Stroop task

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 100740
Author(s):  
Srishti Nayak ◽  
Hiba Z. Salem ◽  
Amanda R. Tarullo
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Response Preparation ◽  
Readiness Potentials ◽  
Lateralized Readiness Potentials

Evidence of Change of Intention in Picking Situations

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2133-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Furstenberg ◽  
Assaf Breska ◽  
Haim Sompolinsky ◽  
Leon Y. Deouell
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Left Button ◽  
Readiness Potentials ◽  
The Face ◽  
Intention To Move ◽  
Intention Formation ◽  
Lateralized Readiness Potentials

Intending to perform an action and then immediately executing it is a mundane process. The cognitive and neural mechanisms involved in this process of “proximal” intention formation and execution, in the face of multiple options to choose from, are not clear, however. Especially, it is not clear how intentions are formed when the choice makes no difference. Here we used behavioral and electrophysiological measures to investigate the temporal dynamics of proximal intention formation and “change of intention” in a free picking scenario, in which the alternatives are on a par for the participant. Participants pressed a right or left button following either an instructive visible arrow cue or a visible neutral “free-choice” cue, both preceded by a masked arrow prime. The goal of the prime was to induce a bias toward pressing the left or right button. Presumably, when the choice is arbitrary, such bias should determine the decision. EEG lateralized readiness potentials and EMG measurements revealed that the prime indeed induced an intention to move in one direction. However, we discovered a signature of “change of intention” in both the Instructed and Free-choice decisions. These results suggest that, even in arbitrary choices, biases present in the neural system for choosing one or another option may be overruled and point to a curious “picking deliberation” phenomenon. We discuss a possible neural scenario that could explain this phenomenon.

Global precedence and response activation: Evidence from LRPs

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Miller ◽  
David Navon
Keyword(s):  
Global Precedence ◽  
Local Shape ◽  
Global Shape ◽  
Preliminary Information ◽  
Readiness Potentials ◽  
Global Advantage ◽  
Response Activation ◽  
Lateralized Readiness Potentials

Lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs) were measured in left/right/no-go tasks using compound global/local stimuli. In Experiment 1, participants responded to local target shapes and ignored global ones. RTs were affected by the congruence of the global shape with the local one, and LRPs indicated that irrelevant global shapes activated the responses with which they were associated. In Experiment 2, participants responded to conjunctions of target shapes at both levels, withholding the response if a target appeared at only one level. Global shapes activated responses in no-go trials, but local shapes did not. The results are consistent with partial-output models in which preliminary information about global shape can partially activate responses that are inconsistent with the local shape. They also demonstrate that part of the global advantage arises early, before response activation begins and probably before recognition of the local shape.

Relationships among Visual Awareness, Reaction Time, and Lateralized Readiness Potential in a Simple Reaction Time Task under the Backward Masking Paradigm

2009 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunitake Suzuki ◽  
Kuniyasu Imanaka
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Short Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Prime Stimulus ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Readiness Potentials ◽  
Lateralized Readiness Potentials

The goal of the present study was to examine whether a backward masking paradigm, in which a prime and a mask stimuli were consecutively presented with a short stimulus onset asynchrony affected the time needed for either the perceptual or motor stages of processing and the simple reaction times. The times needed for the perceptual and motor stages were evaluated by measuring the stimulus-locked and response-locked lateralized readiness potentials. The results showed that the onset of the stimulus-locked lateralized readiness potentials under the backward masking paradigm took place earlier than it did under the condition of a mask stimulus presented alone, whereas the onset of the response-locked lateralized readiness potentials did not significantly differ under different stimulus conditions. These results suggested that the participants responded to the masked prime stimulus despite being unaware of the prime stimulus. This may have been mediated by facilitation of the perceptual rather than motor stages.

scholarly journals Correction: Lateralized Readiness Potentials Reveal Properties of a Neural Mechanism for Implementing a Decision Threshold

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0132197
Author(s):  
Marieke K. van Vugt ◽  
Patrick Simen ◽  
Leigh Nystrom ◽  
Philip Holmes ◽  
Jonathan D. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Decision Threshold ◽  
Readiness Potentials ◽  
Lateralized Readiness Potentials

scholarly journals Lateralized Readiness Potentials Reveal Properties of a Neural Mechanism for Implementing a Decision Threshold

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e90943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke K. van Vugt ◽  
Patrick Simen ◽  
Leigh Nystrom ◽  
Philip Holmes ◽  
Jonathan D. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Decision Threshold ◽  
Readiness Potentials ◽  
Lateralized Readiness Potentials

Bisecting RT with lateralized readiness potentials: Precue effects after LRP onset

1995 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 111-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Osman ◽  
Cathleen M. Moore ◽  
Rolf Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Readiness Potentials ◽  
Lateralized Readiness Potentials

scholarly journals Religious Belief and Cognitive Conflict Sensitivity: A Preregistered fMRI Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Hoogeveen ◽  
Lukas Snoek ◽  
Michiel van Elk
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Informational Conflict ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increased Activity

AbstractIn the current preregistered fMRI study, we investigated the relationship between religiosity and behavioral and neural mechanisms of conflict processing, as a conceptual replication of the study by Inzlicht et al. (2009). Participants (N = 193) performed a gender-Stroop task and afterwards completed standardized measures to assess their religiosity. As expected, the task induced cognitive conflict at the behavioral level and at a neural level this was reflected in increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, individual differences in religiosity were not related to performance on the Stroop task as measured in accuracy and interference effects, nor to neural markers of response conflict (correct responses vs. errors) or informational conflict (congruent vs. incongruent stimuli). Overall, we obtained moderate to strong evidence in favor of the null hypotheses that religiosity is unrelated to cognitive conflict sensitivity. We discuss the implications for the neuroscience of religion and emphasize the importance of designing studies that more directly implicate religious concepts and behaviors in an ecologically valid manner.

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