Is the visual analyzer orthographic-specific? Reading words and numbers in letter position dyslexia

Cortex ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 982-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naama Friedmann ◽  
Dror Dotan ◽  
Einav Rahamim
Keyword(s):  
Letter Position ◽  
Visual Analyzer ◽  
Specific Reading

scholarly journals Letter Position Dyslexia in Arabic: From Form to Position

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naama Friedmann ◽  
Manar Haddad-Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Letter Position ◽  
Visual Analyzer ◽  
Arabic Orthography ◽  
Form Change ◽  
Position Errors ◽  
Reading Errors ◽  
Letter Form ◽  
Graphemic Buffer ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Dependent Type

This study reports the reading of 11 Arabic-speaking individuals with letter position dyslexia (LPD), and the effect of letter form on their reading errors. LPD is a peripheral dyslexia caused by a selective deficit to letter position encoding in the orthographic-visual analyzer, which results in migration of letters within words, primarily of middle letters. The Arabic orthography is especially interesting for the study of LPD because Arabic letters have different forms in different positions in the word. As a result, some letter position errors require letter form change. We compared the rate of letter migrations that change letter form with migrations that do not change letter form in 10 Arabic-speaking individuals with developmental LPD, and one bilingual Arabic and Hebrew-speaking individual with acquired LPD. The results indicated that the participants made 40% letter position errors in migratable words when the resulting word included the letters in the same form, whereas migrations that changed letter form almost never occurred. The error rate of the Arabic-Hebrew bilingual reader was smaller in Arabic than in Hebrew. However, when only words in which migrations do not change letter form were counted, the rate was similar in Arabic and Hebrew. Hence, whereas orthographies with multiple letter forms for each letter might seem more difficult in some respects, these orthographies are in fact easier to read in some forms of dyslexia. Thus, the diagnosis of LPD in Arabic should consider the effect of letter forms on migration errors, and use only migratable words that do not require letter-form change. The theoretical implications for the reading model are that letter form (of the position-dependent type found in Arabic) is part of the information encoded in the abstract letter identity, and thus affects further word recognition processes, and that there might be a pre-lexical graphemic buffer in which the checking of orthographic well-formedness takes place.

Hearing Screening Failure Among Students With Reading Impairment: Rate and Relation to Specific Reading Deficits

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1212-1220
Author(s):  
Krystal L. Werfel ◽  
Laura Peek ◽  
Gabriella Reynolds ◽  
Sydney Bassard
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Literacy Assessment ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
Reading Deficits ◽  
Reading Impairment ◽  
Underlying Factor ◽  
Specific Reading ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Reading Impairments

Background The purpose of this preliminary study was to explore one potential underlying factor that may contribute to poor reading outcomes: minimal hearing loss. Additionally, we compared decoding and comprehension deficits in students who passed or failed the hearing screening. Method Forty-three school-age students completed a hearing screening and a literacy assessment. Results Fifty-four percent of children with reading impairments failed the hearing screening, compared to only 21% of children with typical reading. Additionally, students who failed the hearing screening were more likely to exhibit decoding deficits; comprehension skills between the hearing screening groups did not differ. Conclusions Thus, children with reading impairments are more likely to fail hearing screenings than children with typical reading, and the deficits of those who fail hearing screenings appear to center on decoding rather than comprehension skills. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12818252

Word and pseudoword superiority effects on letter position processing in developing and skilled readers.

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1989-2002
Author(s):  
Yvette Kezilas ◽  
Saskia Kohnen ◽  
Meredith McKague ◽  
Serje Robidoux ◽  
Anne Castles
Keyword(s):  
Letter Position ◽  
Skilled Readers

Methods for Studying the Visual Analyzer Contrast Sensitivity in Children and Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
L. Kharchenko ◽  
◽  
I. Kadoshnikova ◽  
O. Plyska ◽  
I. Shkrobanets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Analyzer

Ergonomic approaches to the organization of workplaces of teenagers at school

2020 ◽  
pp. 533-533
Author(s):  
V. A. Ablyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Work Ability ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Visual Analyzer

The ergonomics of workplaces in the educational environment makes a significant effect on adolescents’ health, may create risk factors for disorders of the musculoskeletal system and the visual analyzer, which affect the work ability and quality of future life.

Functional mobility of the eye motor system and lability of the visual analyzer in patients with myopia of mild degree

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
V. Ponomarchuk ◽  
◽  
K. Pavlyuchenko ◽  
Nyssan Kephi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Visual Analyzer ◽  
Mild Degree
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