Lightning strike resistance of an electrically conductive CFRP with a CSA-doped PANI/epoxy matrix

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Katunin ◽  
Katarzyna Krukiewicz ◽  
Roman Turczyn ◽  
Przemysław Sul ◽  
Krzysztof Dragan
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Matrix ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Electrically Conductive

EFFECTS OF NUMBER OF PLIES ON LIGHTNING STRIKE PROTECTION OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE LAYER-WISE HYBRID LAMINATES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIWAT MANOMAISANTIPHAP ◽  
TOMOHIRO YOKOZEK YOKOZEKI
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Conductive Layer ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Hybrid Laminates ◽  
Conductive Polyaniline ◽  
Pani Layer

With the development of composite technologies, aircraft become lighter and more fuel efficiency. The composite aircraft, however, become susceptible to lightning strike. Developing lightning strike protection (LSP) system need to couple with composite technologies. The authors present a concept of LSP using layer-wise hybrid laminates (CF/Hybrid) in this study. The aim of the study is to validate the effectiveness of layer-wise hybrid laminates structure for lightning strike application by using conventional epoxy-resin CFRP for main structure and electrically conductive layer as a cover layer. The composite laminates include two different types of resin in each layer: conductive polyaniline-based matrix (CF/PANI) and conventional epoxy resin (CF/epoxy). CF/PANI layers varied from 1, 2, and 4 layers with corresponding 7, 6, and 4 layers of CF/epoxy to find out the least effective number of CF/PANI that can prevent lightning strike damage. The specimens were characterized for their mechanical properties and underwent simulated lightning strike test to realize their effectiveness. The result of simulated lightning strike has shown that a layer of conductive CF/PANI can help to avoid catastrophic damage on CF/epoxy. With a greater number of CF/PANI, the less detectable damage in CF/PANI layer became. In the case of CF/Hybrid with 4 layers of CF/PANI shows 70% residual bending strength after the lightning strike. With the aid of nondestructive inspection tools, i.e., thermography and ultrasonic test, the mechanism of damage on the composite panels were observed and analyzed. From this study, CF/Hybrid with 4 layers shows the optimal properties for lightning strike protection.

scholarly journals Electrically conductive carbon fiber layers as lightning strike protection for non-conductive epoxy-based CFRP substrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (29) ◽  
pp. 4547-4555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwat Manomaisantiphap ◽  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Takao Okada ◽  
Tomohiro Yokozeki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Hybrid Laminate

A large amount of electrically conductive fillers is needed to enhance a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) electrical conductivity enough to withstand lightning strikes of peak currents. However, such large alien constituents hamper the inherent good mechanical properties of CFRP structures. In this work, a solution has been proposed to retain both desired properties in a CFRP laminate. Layer-wise hybrid laminate has been demonstrated as a solution for lightning strike protection of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP). Top few layers of a hybrid laminate are prepared using electrically conductive polymer-based resin (CF/C-POLY) to provide effective dissipation of lightning current while epoxy-based CFRP substrate (CF/Epoxy) provides the main structural strength. An insulating adhesive layer is used to bond CF/C-POLY and CF/Epoxy to prepare the laminate. The hybrid laminates were tested for their effectiveness against lightning strikes. Laminates were struck by modified lightning waveform of component A with peak current of -14 kA and -40 kA. The performance of the laminates against lightning strike were evaluated using high speed camera, high-speed and thermal camera. It is found that CF/C-POLY layer successfully defended the main structural component i.e. CF/Epoxy from lightning direct damage.

Numerical analysis of electrically conductive fillers of composites for aircraft lightning strike protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 1441-1450
Author(s):  
Igor Lesiuk ◽  
Andrzej Katunin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
Conductive Fillers

Purpose This paper aims to present a numerical analysis and comparison of two types of conductive fillers of polymeric composites subjected to lightning strikes. Design/methodology/approach Two types of conductive fillers were considered in the developed numerical models of electrically conductive composites: carbon nanotubes and polyaniline. For these fillers, the representative volume elements were developed to consider distribution of the particles that ensures percolation and homogenization of the materials within the Eshelby-based semi-analytical mean-field homogenization approach. The performed numerical analyses allowed determination of effective volume fractions of conducting particles, resistivity and conductivity tensors, and finally the current density for the simulated materials subjected to lightning strike. Findings The obtained results allowed for comparison of electrical conductivity of two simulated materials. It was observed that besides fair results obtained in the previous studies for intrinsically conducting polymers as fillers of composites dedicated for lightning strike protection, the composites filled with carbon nanotubes reveal much better conductivity. Practical implications The presented simulation results can be considered as initial information for further experimental tests on electrical conductivity of such materials. Originality/value The originality of the paper lies in the proposed design and simulation procedures of conductive composites as well as the comparison of selected composites dedicated for lightning strike protection as the most intensively developed materials for this purpose.

scholarly journals Lightning Strike Protection of Aircraft Composite Structures: Analysis and Comparative Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (8) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Katunin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Conductive Polymers ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Electrical Conducting ◽  
Conductive Particles

AbstractLightning strikes are a serious problem during operation of aircraft due to the increasing applicability of polymeric composites in aircraft structures and the weak electrical conducting properties of such structures. In composite structures, lightning strikes may cause extended damage sites which require to be appropriately maintained and repaired leading to increased operational costs. In order to overcome this problem various lightning strike protection solutions have been developed. Some of them are based on the immersion of metallic elements and particles while others use novel solutions such as intrinsically conductive polymers or other types of highly conductive particles including carbon nanotubes and graphene. The concept of fully organic electrically conductive composites based on intrinsically conductive polymers is currently being developed at the Silesian University of Technology. The results obtained in numerous tests, including concerning electrical conductivity and the capability to carry on high-magnitude electrical charges as well as certain operating properties need to be compared with existing solutions in lightning strike protection of aircraft. The following study presents the properties of the material developed for lightning strike protection and a comparative study with other solutions.

scholarly journals Basalt Fibre Composite with Carbon Nanomodified Epoxy Matrix under Hydrothermal Ageing

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Tatjana Glaskova-Kuzmina ◽  
Aldobenedetto Zotti ◽  
Anna Borriello ◽  
Mauro Zarrelli ◽  
Andrey Aniskevich
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Epoxy Matrix ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Basalt Fibre ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Bending Mode ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
Relative Change

This work aimed to investigate the effect of hybrid carbon nanofillers (e.g., carbon nanotubes/carbon nanofibers in the ratio 1:1 by mass) over the electrical and flexural properties for an epoxy matrix and corresponding basalt fibre reinforcing composite (BFRC) subjected to full-year seasonal water absorption. Hydrothermal ageing was performed by full immersion of the tested materials into distilled water according to the following model conditions (seasons). The mechanical properties were measured in three-point bending mode before environmental ageing and after each season. Upon environmental ageing, the relative change of flexural strength and elastic modulus of the epoxy and NC was within 10–15%. For nanomodified BFRCs, the slightly higher effect (approx. by 10%) of absorbed moisture on flexural characteristics was found and likely attributed to higher defectiveness (e.g., porosity, the formation of agglomerates etc.). During flexural tests, electrical resistance of the nanocomposites (NC) and BFRC/NC samples was evaluated. The electrical conductivity for UD BFRC/NC, before and after hydrothermal ageing, was by 2 and 3 times higher than for the NC, accordingly, revealing the orientation of electrically conductive nanoparticles and/or their agglomerates during lay-up manufacturing which was evaluated by the rules of the mixture. Based on all results obtained it can be concluded that the most potentially applicable for damage indication was UD BFRC/NC along fibres since full-year hydrothermal ageing improved its electrical conductivity by approx. 98% and, consequently, the ability to monitor damages was also enhanced.

How interface compatibility affects conductivity evolution of silver nanobelts-filled electrically conductive composites during cure and post-treatments

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (26) ◽  
pp. 17999-18008
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Rivers ◽  
Pearl Lee-Sullivan ◽  
Boxin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Epoxy Matrix ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
The Relationship

Using silver nanobelts and microflakes in epoxy matrix, we sought to investigate the relationship between the evolving electrical resistivity of formulations of hybrid nanocomposites during the curing process, finding vitrification and interface compatibility play major roles.

scholarly journals Relationship between Viscosity, Microstructure and Electrical Conductivity in Copolyamide Hot Melt Adhesives Containing Carbon Nanotubes

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4469
Author(s):  
Paulina Latko-Durałek ◽  
Rafał Kozera ◽  
Jan Macutkevič ◽  
Kamil Dydek ◽  
Anna Boczkowska
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Conductive Adhesives ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Thermoset Composites ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Hot Melt

The polymeric adhesive used for the bonding of thermoplastic and thermoset composites forms an insulating layer which causes a real problem for lightning strike protection. In order to make that interlayer electrically conductive, we studied a new group of electrically conductive adhesives based on hot melt copolyamides and multi-walled carbon nanotubes fabricated by the extrusion method. The purpose of this work was to test four types of hot melts to determine the effect of their viscosity on the dispersion of 7 wt % multi-walled carbon nanotubes and electrical conductivity. It was found that the dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, understood as the amount of the agglomerates in the copolyamide matrix, is not dependent on the level of the viscosity of the polymer. However, the electrical conductivity, analyzed by four-probe method and dielectric spectroscopy, increases when the number of carbon nanotube agglomerates decreases, with the highest value achieved being 0.67 S/m. The inclusion of 7 wt % multi-walled carbon nanotubes into each copolyamide improved their thermal stability and changed their melting points by only a few degrees. The addition of carbon nanotubes makes the adhesive’s surface more hydrophilic or hydrophobic depending on the type of copolyamide used.

Synthesis and characterization of the electrically conductive polymeric composite for lightning strike protection of aircraft structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 773-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Katunin ◽  
Katarzyna Krukiewicz ◽  
Roman Turczyn ◽  
Przemysław Sul ◽  
Andrzej Łasica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Aircraft Structures
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