Do artificial waterholes influence the way herbivores use the landscape? Herbivore distribution patterns around rivers and artificial surface water sources in a large African savanna park

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izak P.J. Smit ◽  
Cornelia C. Grant ◽  
Bernard J. Devereux
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
African Savanna ◽  
Artificial Surface ◽  
The Way

Levels of Spatial Variability: The “Community” Problem

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 13-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Springer ◽  
A. I. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Units ◽  
The Way

The way we view species distribution patterns, particularly at the level commonly referred to as the “community”, has changed over the past 70 years in biology and, subsequently, in paleontology. Because the degree to which species associations can be interpreted as ecological and evolutionary units depends ultimately on recognition and interpretation of faunal spatial variability, we need to understand the nature of this variability at all levels of resolution before we can adequately address questions of “community” structure and dynamics. While it is possible to recognize spatial variability at several levels, from the distributions of individuals within a species to the overall pattern created by the global biota, we must ask whether these patterns really comprise a hierarchy with natural discontinuities (Fig. 1), or whether it is more realistic to view them as a continuous variability spectrum.

scholarly journals Perceived agricultural runoff impact on drinking water

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Crampton ◽  
Angela T. Ragusa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Agricultural Contaminants

Agricultural runoff into surface water is a problem in Australia, as it is in arguably all agriculturally active countries. While farm practices and resource management measures are employed to reduce downstream effects, they are often either technically insufficient or practically unsustainable. Therefore, consumers may still be exposed to agrichemicals whenever they turn on the tap. For rural residents surrounded by agriculture, the link between agriculture and water quality is easy to make and thus informed decisions about water consumption are possible. Urban residents, however, are removed from agricultural activity and indeed drinking water sources. Urban and rural residents were interviewed to identify perceptions of agriculture's impact on drinking water. Rural residents thought agriculture could impact their water quality and, in many cases, actively avoided it, often preferring tank to surface water sources. Urban residents generally did not perceive agriculture to pose health risks to their drinking water. Although there are more agricultural contaminants recognised in the latest Australian Drinking Water Guidelines than previously, we argue this is insufficient to enhance consumer protection. Health authorities may better serve the public by improving their proactivity and providing communities and water utilities with the capacity to effectively monitor and address agricultural runoff.

Legionella and Public Water Supplies

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Colbourne ◽  
P. J. Dennis ◽  
R. M. Trew ◽  
C. Berry ◽  
G. Vesey
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent Assay ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent

A survey for legionella in public water supplies in England failed to detect culturable L.pneumophila in all but samples from taps in buildings; however, the organism was detected in underground and surface water sources and distribution systems using an indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) to L.pneumophila serogroup 1. Culturability was related to water temperatures above 20°C. In water mains L.pneumophila was associated with biofilms or sediment. Non-culturable L.pneumophila detected in potable waters by IFA were recovered by heat shock experiments demonstrating their viability. Although the strain found in potable water is rarely asociated with disease, monoclonal expression, a virulence marker, was altered by heat shock. These findings have implications for the prevention of legionellosis and may explain the sporadic nature of legionnaires disease in the community.

scholarly journals The influence of lithology on surface water sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1913-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia B. Nickolas ◽  
Catalina Segura ◽  
J. Renée Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Sources

scholarly journals Norovirus GII.17 Predominates in Selected Surface Water Sources in Kenya

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Kiulia ◽  
J. Mans ◽  
J. M. Mwenda ◽  
M. B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Norovirus Gii

scholarly journals Overview of surface water hazards in China coalmines

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-862
Author(s):  
Herong Gui ◽  
Rongjie Hu ◽  
Honghai Zhao ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Xiaomei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Inrush ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Climatic Impact ◽  
Mining Conditions ◽  
Water Hazard ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Water Hazards ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Terrain Features

Abstract Among all recorded water disasters in China coalmines, 10% can be attributed to surface water, making it one of the top water hazards. Based on the analysis of cases of surface water hazards in China coalmines, this article determined surface water sources and inrush conduits as the major factors that have caused water inrush disasters in mines, and classified surface water hazards in China coalmines into 15 types according to those major factors and gave definitions of each type of surface water hazard. Then, it is proposed that there are different types of surface water hazards in different coal-bearing regions by analyzing the relationship to terrain features, climatic impact and mining conditions. Finally, we discuss how typical water sources and inrush conduits work together in hazard formation, in addition to the characteristics and corresponding preventative technologies. The propositions can be of reference for exchanges with other mining countries and regions on surface water hazard treatment.

Design of Irrigation Pump Intakes for Shallow Surface Water Sources

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Scherer ◽  
Lowell A. Disrud ◽  
Ryan M. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Sources
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