Elucidating the role of D4 receptors in mediating attributions of salience to incentive stimuli on Pavlovian conditioned approach and conditioned reinforcement paradigms

2016 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Cocker ◽  
C. Vonder Haar ◽  
C.A. Winstanley
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Reinforcement ◽  
Pavlovian Conditioned Approach ◽  
Conditioned Approach

scholarly journals Subanesthetic ketamine decreases the incentive-motivational value of reward-related cues

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J Fitzpatrick ◽  
Jonathan D Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Reinforcement ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Drug Seeking ◽  
Pavlovian Conditioned Approach ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Conditioned Approach ◽  
Goal Tracking ◽  
Tracking Behavior

The attribution of incentive-motivational value to reward-related cues contributes to cue-induced craving and relapse in addicted patients. Recently, it was demonstrated that subanesthetic ketamine increases motivation to quit and decreases cue-induced craving in cocaine-dependent individuals. Although the underlying mechanism of this effect is currently unknown, one possibility is that subanesthetic ketamine decreases the incentive-motivational value of reward-related cues. In the present study, we used a Pavlovian conditioned approach procedure to identify sign-trackers, rats that attribute incentive-motivational value to reward-related cues, and goal-trackers, rats that assign only predictive value to reward-related cues. This model is of interest because sign-trackers are more vulnerable to cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior and will persist in this drug-seeking behavior despite adverse consequences. We tested the effect of subanesthetic ketamine on the expression of Pavlovian conditioned approach behavior and the conditioned reinforcing properties of a reward-related cue in sign- and goal-trackers. We found that subanesthetic ketamine decreased sign-tracking and increased goal-tracking behavior in sign-trackers, though it had no effect on conditioned reinforcement. These results suggest that subanesthetic ketamine may be a promising pharmacotherapy for addiction that acts by decreasing the incentive-motivational value of reward-related cues.

scholarly journals Examining the role of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in Pavlovian conditioned approach behaviors

2016 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt M. Fraser ◽  
Joshua L. Haight ◽  
Eliot L. Gardner ◽  
Shelly B. Flagel
Keyword(s):  
D3 Receptors ◽  
Dopamine D2 ◽  
Pavlovian Conditioned Approach ◽  
Approach Behaviors ◽  
Conditioned Approach

scholarly journals The lateral hypothalamus and orexinergic transmission in the paraventricular thalamus promote the attribution of incentive salience to reward-associated cues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua L Haight ◽  
Paolo Campus ◽  
Cristina E Maria-Rios ◽  
Allison M Johnson ◽  
Marin S Klumpner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Incentive Salience ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Conditioned Reward ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Sign Tracking ◽  
Pavlovian Conditioned Approach ◽  
Conditioned Approach

AbstractRationalePrior research suggests that inputs from the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) contribute to the attribution of incentive salience to Pavlovian-conditioned reward cues. However, a causal role for the LHA in this phenomenon has not been demonstrated. In addition, it is unknown which hypothalamic neurotransmitter or peptide system(s) are involved in mediating incentive salience attribution.ObjectivesTo examine: 1) the role of the LHA in the propensity to attribute incentive salience to reward cues, and 2) the role of orexinergic signaling in the PVT on the expression of Pavlovian conditioned approach (PavCA) behavior, a reflection of incentive salience attribution.MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats received bilateral excitotoxic lesions of the LHA prior to the acquisition of Pavlovian conditioned approach (PavCA) behavior. A separate cohort of male rats acquired PavCA behavior and were characterized as sign-trackers (STs) or goal-trackers (GTs) based on their conditioned response. The orexin 1 receptor (OX1r) antagonist SB-334867, or the orexin 2 receptor (OX2r) antagonist TCS-OX2-29, were then administered directly into the PVT to assess the effects of these pharmacological agents on the expression of PavCA behavior and on the conditioned reinforcing properties of the Pavlovian reward cue.ResultsLesions of the LHA before training attenuated the development of lever-directed (sign-tracking) behaviors in the PavCA paradigm, without affecting magazine-directed (goal-tracking) behaviors. In STs, administration of the OX1r antagonist into the PVT reduced lever-directed behaviors and increased magazine-directed behaviors; while administration of the OX2r antagonist only reduced lever-directed behaviors. Further, OX2r, but not OX1r, antagonism was able to reduce the incentive motivational value of the conditioned stimulus on a conditioned reinforcement test in STs. The behavior of GTs was unaffected by orexinergic antagonism in the PVT.ConclusionsThe LHA is necessary for the attribution of incentive salience to reward cues and, thereby, the development of a sign-tracking conditioned response. Furthermore, blockade of orexin signaling in the PVT attenuates the incentive value of a Pavlovian reward cue. These data suggest that hypothalamic orexin inputs to the PVT are a key component of the circuitry that encodes the incentive motivational value of reward cues and promotes maladaptive cue-driven behaviors.

scholarly journals Nicotine-enhanced Pavlovian conditioned approach is resistant to omission of expected outcome

2018 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierra J. Stringfield ◽  
Charlotte A. Boettiger ◽  
Donita L. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Pavlovian Conditioned Approach ◽  
Expected Outcome ◽  
Conditioned Approach

The role of negative reinforcement; or: Is there an altruist in the house?

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund J. Fantino ◽  
Stephanie J. Stolarz-Fantino
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Reinforcement ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Behavioral Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Teleological Behaviorism ◽  
Rule Governed Behavior

We agree with Rachlin's argument that altruism is best understood as a case of self-control, and that a behavioral analysis is appropriate. However, the appeal to teleological behaviorism and the value of behavioral patterns may be unnecessary. Instead, we argue that altruism can generally be explained with traditional behavioral principles such as negative reinforcement, conditioned reinforcement, and rule-governed behavior.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document