Crystallization process of high-k gate dielectrics studied by surface X-ray diffraction

2005 ◽  
Vol 244 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Terasawa ◽  
K. Akimoto ◽  
Y. Mizuno ◽  
A. Ichimiya ◽  
K. Sumitani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Gate Dielectrics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High K

Crystallization of Zn-rich and P-rich amorphous Zn3P2 thin films

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Arsenault ◽  
D. E. Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Conductivity Activation Energy ◽  
X Ray

Zn-rich and P-rich amorphous Zn3P2 thin films were prepared by co-evaporation of the excess element during the normal Zn3P2 deposition. X-ray diffraction techniques were used to investigate the structural properties and the crystallization process. Agglomeration of the excess element within the as-made amorphous Zn3P2 thin film accounted for the structural properties observed after annealing the sample. Electrical measurements showed that excess Zn reduces the conductivity activation energy and increases the conductivity, while excess P up to 15 at.% does not alter the electrical properties significantly.

Influence of Alloying Additions on Enhancement of Soft Magnetic Properties Effect and Crystallization in FeXSiB (X=Cu, V, Co, Zr, Nb) Amorphous Alloys

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Stokłosa ◽  
G. Badura ◽  
P. Kwapuliński ◽  
Józef Rasek ◽  
G. Haneczok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Transmission Electron

The crystallization and optimization of magnetic properties effects in FeXSiB (X=Cu, V, Co, Zr, Nb) amorphous alloys were studied by applying X-ray diffraction methods, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), resistometric and magnetic measurements. The temperatures of the first and the second stage of crystallization, the 1h optimization annealing temperature and the Curie temperature were determined for different amorphous alloys. Activation energies of crystallization process were obtained by applying the Kissinger method. The influence of alloy additions on optimization effect and crystallization processes was carefully examined.

Conduction band states of transition metal (TM) high-k gate dielectrics as determined from X-ray absorption spectra

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 827-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lucovsky ◽  
J.G. Hong ◽  
C.C. Fulton ◽  
N.A. Stoute ◽  
Y. Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Conduction Band ◽  
Gate Dielectrics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High K ◽  
X Ray Absorption

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE PERFORMANCE OF LASER ALLOYING Zn MODIFIED AMORPHOUS-NANOCRYSTALS REINFORCED COATING

NANO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350038 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIANQUAN LI ◽  
HUASHI LIU ◽  
JIANING LI ◽  
GUOZHONG LI
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Laser Alloying ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Improve Wear Resistance

Zn was firstly used to improve wear resistance of a TA7 (Ti–5Al–2.5Sn) titanium alloy surface by mean of a laser alloying (LA) technique. The synthesis of the hard coating on a TA7 titanium alloy by LA of Co–Ti–Cr–TiB2–Zn–CeO2 pre-placed powders was investigated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Experimental results indicated lot of the nanocrystals, such as Ti–B/CoZn13 and the amorphous phases were produced in such LA coating. The nucleation and growth of the amorphous phases were retarded by the nanocrystals in a certain extent during the crystallization process of the amorphous phases. Compared with a TA7 alloy substrate, an improvement of the wear resistance was obtained for such LA composite coating.

In situ X-ray diffraction study of crystallization process of GeSbTe thin films during heat treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 244 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiko Kato ◽  
Ichiro Konomi ◽  
Yoshiki Seno ◽  
Tomoyoshi Motohiro
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Effects of Glass Elements on the Structural Evolution ofin situGrown Ferroelectric Perovskite Crystals in Sol-gel Derived Glass-ceramics

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Yao ◽  
Weiguang Zhu ◽  
Liangying Zhang ◽  
Xi Yao
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Dielectric Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Process Change ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ferroelectric Perovskite

Several ABO3perovskite ferroelectric crystals, PbTiO3, Pb(Zr, Ti)O3, and BaTiO3have beenin situgrown from amorphous gels with glass elements, and the structural evolution has been systematically investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectra (IR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dielectric measurements. It is found that in the Si-contained glass-ceramic systems, Si and B glass elements are incorporated into the crystalline structures, resulting in the variation of the crystallization process, change of lattice constant, and dielectric properties. Some metastable phases expressed by a general formula AxByGzOw(A = Pb and Ba; B = Zr and Ti; G for glass elements, especially for Si) have been observed and discussed.

Crystallization Process and Chemical Disorder in Flash Evaporated Amorphous Gallium Antimonide Films

1993 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Dias Da Silva ◽  
I. Cisneros ◽  
L. P. Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Absorption Edge ◽  
Gallium Antimonide ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Optical Absorption Edge ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Flash Evaporation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Local Ordering ◽  
Chemical Disorder

ABSTRACTIn this work we describe a flash evaporation system specially built to produce Amorphous films of III-V compounds and characterize GaSb films using optical, electrical and X-Ray diffraction Measurements. Changes in the composition of the GaSb samples were obtained by the use of different crucible temperatures. In such samples, consequently, the optical absorption edge and the DC electrical conductivity were Modified. The departure from stoichiometry in GaSb films is analyzed on the basis of these results which can be used as an evidence of the chemical disorder. This kind of disorder is represented by either wrong bonds or sites with different coordination.Thermal annealing with a sequence of increasing temperatures first induced detectable variations in the optical absorption edge and in the vibrational properties of the Amorphous GaSb. These variations are compatible with the GaSb local ordering and were observed by Raman scattering and infrared absorption spectra. The annealing at higher temperatures allowed the crystallization of the material confirmed by X-Ray diffraction. From these experimental results a crystallization mechanism based on the segregation of Sb excess coming from the crystallized regions toward the Amorphous tissue is proposed.

scholarly journals SOLID DOSAGE FORM DEVELOPMENT OF GLIBENCLAMIDE WITH INCREASING THE SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE USING COCRYSTALLIZATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Arif Budiman ◽  
Sandra Megantara ◽  
Putri Raraswati ◽  
Tazyinul Qoriah
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Dosage Form ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Form Development

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a solid dosage form of glibenclamide with increasing the solubility properties of glibenclamide with cocrystallization method.Methods: Virtual screening was performed to investigate the interaction between glibenclamide and a co-former. Saccharin, the selected co-former, then co-crystallized with glibenclamide with equimolar ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 using the solvent evaporation method. Further characterization was performed using an infra-red (IR) spectrophotometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD).Results: Co-crystals of 1:2 equimolar ratio were more highly soluble compared to pure glibenclamide (30-fold for 12 h and 24-fold for 24 h). The dissolution rate had also increased from 46.838% of pure glibenclamide to 77.655% of glibenclamide co-crystal in 60 min. There was no chemical reaction observed during the co-crystallization process based on the IR spectrum. However, there was a new peak in the X-Ray diffractogram and a reduction of melting point in the DSC curve, indicating the formation of co-crystals.Conclusion: The optimal co-crystal ratio of glibenclamide-saccharin was found to be 1:2, which was successful in improving the solubility of glibenclamide.

Exploring concomitant/conformational dimorphism in a difluoro-substituted phosphoramidate derivative

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avantika Hasija ◽  
Deepak Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Intermolecular Interactions ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Dispersion Energy ◽  
Torsion Angles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrostatic Contribution ◽  
Distinguished Contribution

The concomitant occurrence of dimorphs of diphenyl (3,4-difluorophenyl)phosphoramidate, C18H14F2NO3P, was observed via a solution-mediated crystallization process with variation in the symmetry-free molecules (Z′). The existence of two forms, i.e. Form I (block, Z′ = 1) and Form II (needle, Z′ = 2), was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of the energetics of the different intermolecular interactions was carried out via the energy decomposition method (PIXEL), which corroborates with inputs from the energy framework and looks at the topology of the various intermolecular interactions present in both forms. The unequivocally distinguished contribution of strong N—H...O hydrogen bonds along with other interactions, such as C—H...O, C—H...F, π–π and C—H...π, mapped on the Hirshfeld surface is depicted by two-dimensional fingerprint plots. Apart from the major electrostatic contribution from N—H...O hydrogen bonds, the crystal structures are stabilized by contributions from the dispersion energy. The closely related melting points and opposite trends in the calculated lattice energies are interesting to investigate with respect to the thermodynamic stability of the observed dimorphs. The significant variation in the torsion angles in both forms helps in classifying them in the category of conformational polymorphs.

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